Transcript Slide 1

A Consumer Oriented Tool for Dwelling
Energy Retrofit Measure Assessment
Daire Reilly
School of Civil Engineering
Prof. Aidan Duffy
Dr. Michael Conlon
David Willis
29/11/2013
– Industry sponsored project: IRCSET Enterprise Partnership
Scheme with ESB Electric Ireland
– Co- funded by ‘DIT Fiosraigh Extension of Funding’ scheme
Motivation
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Climate change
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GHG + CO2
Global Warming
Potential to save
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Buildings 40% of total EU energy
consumption
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Retrofit is one of cheapest ways to save
energy
Ireland has one of the least efficient housing
stocks
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2. Energy Policy
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Kyoto, Cancun,Copenhagen
Europe 20 20 20
– Efficiency
– Buildings
Ireland: NEEAP
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Sector with largest potential to save energy
Information Gap
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No method for consumers to choose between
performances of competing building retrofit
measures.
Reliance on general stats and info from
companies selling products.
Lack of unbiased accurate dwelling specific
advice
Aim
– To remove the barriers of uncertainty and lack of information from the
consumer and to promote energy efficiency and renewable technology
investment;
▫ by providing economic and environmental performance information for
competing energy efficiency and micro-generation retrofit measures
calibrated on a case by case basis for individual dwellings
Objectives
– Review energy industry standards in energy demand and energy
efficiency/micro-generation modelling.
– Develop and validate/verify consumer orientated dynamic techno-economic
models which can be used to estimate the financial and environmental
performance of energy efficient and micro-generation technologies when
applied to individual dwellings within the Irish housing stock.
– Optimise the model to output not only the most appropriate retrofit
measures for the dwelling under study but to determine the optimised
combination of retrofit measures suitable for the dwelling.
Thesis Layout/Method
Best Practice Review
– Electric Ireland ‘in-house’ dwelling energy assessment method (HALO Surveyor Payback
Calculator)
▫ Review result: HSPC not fit for purpose
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Use of aggregated data
No capture of thermal performance indicators of external envelope, or wall construction type
Use of ‘typical house’ methodology in conjunction with DEAP
No consideration given to occupancy pattern/ actual fuel use
Averaging of results across a range of house types, sizes
Assumptions regarding retrofit measures
– DEAP
▫ Review: should not be used to assess individual dwellings for energy retrofit
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– Literature
Asset rating methodology
Assumed occupancy
Standardised heating temperatures and schedules
Electricity use not considered
Prototype: Energy Wizard
– An online resource for Irish Energy
consumers
▫ Predicts performance of retrofit measures
▫ Asset rating based calculation technique
▫ Calibrated to actual demand
– Dual purpose
▫ Address the disparity between the project
timelines of industry and academic
endeavours
▫ Serve as a prototype for end product
– Question type
– Interface
– Technical nature of questions/jargon
Energy Wizard: Method
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Frequency
5000
Quick Quote
Requirements Elicitation for a User Oriented Model
Scope
User
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User Oriented
Model on dwelling by dwelling basis
Consider existing fuel consumption and operating schedules
Provide an end report with financial implications
Correlate with energy retrofit technologies recommended by SEAI and EU Directive
2006/36/EC.
Hourly (or smaller) time-steps
Implications of combinations of retrofits in addition to individual performances
Survey questions must be jargon free
Only recommend retrofit measures that are practical/ feasible
Must not use standardised operating conditions and heating schedules
U-values of heat transfer elements for its operation (attic, external walls, and windows)
External wall construction type
Air change rate/ permeability of the structure
Efficiency of the heating system
Heating fuel type
Location of the dwelling
Orientation of the space available for solar thermal or PV devices
Hot water demand
Existing lighting fixture wattages
Existing operating schedules for heat and electricity
External temperature
Fuel prices and carbon intensities
Feed-in-tariff info
Solar irradiance
Replacement lighting fixture wattages
Installation and capital costs associated with each retrofit measure
Thermal transmittance values of retrofit insulation and windows
SEAI grant information
Data Sources Available
– Smart metering trials for both
electricity/gas
– Data mining /cluster analysis to form
representative groups
– Retrofit measures capital and
installation costs
– ESB Electric Ireland contractor list
– Grants associated - SEAI
– Archetypal representations of Irish
building stock
– Air Source Heat Pump
– TABULA
– SEAI BER database
– Appendix S – DEAP manual
– Solar Thermal and PV
– Fuel Costs
– SEAI
– Supply Companies published tariff details
– Half hour resolution weather files MET
Eireann
– Manufacturers performance information
– Peer reviewed models available through
Dublin Energy Lab research group
– CODEMA
– Energy surveys
– Heating System Efficiencies
– SEAI
System Overview / Data Sources
Controls/inputs
Heat
Boiler
Dwelling
Weather
Electricity
Applicances
Heat Loss Areas
Building Regulations
Generation
Lighting
Retrofit
Concept
Energy Profile Assignment: Clustered Smart Meter Data
Normalised time-of-use profile selection
Annualised representative profile
– What was your annual electricity expenditure
last year?
– Which of the following is your supplier tariff?
– On a typical weekday, what times is the house
unoccupied?
– On a typical weekday what time does the last
person go to bed?
– On a typical weekday what time does the first
person get up?
Archetypal Dwelling Assignment
– TABULA dwelling categorised by
type, age, wall construction
– age bands based on building
regulations (Pre 1978, 78-82, 83-93, 9404, 05+)
– Types: Detached, semi D etc
– Wall construction : stone, hollow,
cavity
– TABULA supplemented with BER
database and DEAP Appendix S for:
– Missing values
– Typical infiltration rates
– Typical areas.
– What type of house is it?
– During which age band was it built?
– What is the external wall
construction?
– What is the floor area of the
dwelling?
Buildings Elements Retrofit
– Cavity wall, internal dry lining, external wall, attic insulation, windows
– Heat balance approach
– Internal temperature is only unknown
– hlc changes to reflect retrofit and Qtotal is re-evaluated
Other Retrofits
– Boiler Upgrade
▫ Input : New and old efficiencies
▫ Output : Direct heat savings
– PV
▫ Input : weather files
▫ Output : annual generation profile
– Solar thermal
▫ Input : weather files
▫ Output : reduction in energy required from
boiler
– ASHP
▫ Input : weather files
▫ Output : Electricity profile
– Lighting??
Assessment/Optimisation/Ranking
– Each before and after scenario has a cost (capital + installation) and a saving
– Measures are evaluated on the basis of payback period
▫ Performance shown in:
– Annual financial saving
– kWh reduction
– CO2 reduction
– Combinations of measures:
▫ Each measure is given a priority weighting
▫ Priority weightings allow combinations to be assessed in order
– Solar thermal before boiler upgrade
– Building elements before boiler
– Combinations of measures are evaluated on the basis of payback period
▫ Performance shown as above
– User presented with output report showing measures and associated
savings as per Energy Wizard report pictured
Contribution
– A new approach to constructing dwelling energy simulation tools
▫ A consumer orientated energy simulation package using real billing details to construct annual profiles from
which simulations are performed
– Construction of simulation tool that requires no technical knowledge/specialized training and can be used
by the ‘average’ consumer
– The first time that Irish electricity smart meter data has been used to cluster customers in conjunction with
dwelling energy performance models
– The first time that Irish gas smart meter data has been used to cluster customers in conjunction with
dwelling energy performance models
– A dwelling specific financially optimised solution to energy retrofits option combinations performed for a
range of retrofit options on a case by case basis.
▫ Combining pricing details from Irish contractors supplying retrofit measures with the retrofit options analysed
▫ Using tariff structures and plans (from Irish energy market)
– Stochastic sensitivity analysis of asset rating type building energy simulation input parameters for the Irish
housing stock
▫ And presentation of methodology for application to other national housing stock.
Thank you for listening
Questions???