Transcript Titel van de presentatie

Dutch Enviromental
Accounts and policy
demands
Geert Bruinooge
Deputy Director General
Statistics Netherlands
Content
• Dutch System of Environmental Accounts
• Implementation
• Compilation
• Examples of how Dutch Environmental Accounts
inform policy makers:
• Dutch Water accounts
• Renewable energy sector
• Carbon footprint and emission trade balance
• SEEA as framework to measure green growth
• Conclusions
1
Dutch EA: Implementation of SEEA
•
Statistics Netherlands has a comprehensive EA program which
cover various policy domains:
• Water
• water use; emissions to water; regional water accounts
• Energy
• energy accounts; oil and gas reserves
• Materials / resource efficiency
• MFA and waste accounts
• Climate and air pollution
• air emissions; bridge tables; CO2 quarterly;
• Policy instruments
• Environmental Goods and Services Sector; emission permits; environmental
taxes; environmental subsidies
• Analyses
• Footprints; Structural Decomposition Analysis; econometric
2
Dutch EA: Compilation
• Data availability:
• No specific surveys, only integration of existing data sources
• Integration makes environment statistics comparable to economics
statistics (classifications, definitions)
• Important data sources include:
• National accounts; Emission inventories; Energy statistics; Trade statistics; Government statistics; etc.
• EA data also used to improve the National accounts
• User demands:
• Research institutes
• Policy makers
• Businesses
• Eurostat (legal base)
3
Dutch EA: Organisation of work
• The EA are compiled within the National
Accounts department
• Accounts are compiled with relatively few
resources
• Advantages:
• Good knowledge of the National Accounts
important for EA
• EA data can also be used to compile National
Accounts
4
Example 1: Dutch Water Accounts
•
Water accounts are commissioned by the Dutch Water Agency
•
Reasons:
• Water accounts are based on internationally agreed system
• Statistics Netherlands has many relevant data, water accounts
combine these data into one database
• Ensures consistency of data over the years
• Statistics Netherlands is the data authority in the Netherlands
•
Information used for various purposes (a.o.)
• Reporting for the EU Water Framework Directive
• Reporting for the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive
• Annual report ‘Water in Beeld’
5
Results: cost-recovery
Cost recovery
Nr
Water-service
2000
2005
Provider of the
service
User of the service
Cost recovery by means of
Households, industry,
agriculture
Price per m3 for water used,
fixed price for
infrastructure, self-service
1
Production and
distribution of
water
100%
100%
Drinking water
companies,
industry,
agriculture
2
collection and
discharge of
rainwater and
wastewater
80%
95%
Municipalities
Households, industry,
agriculture
Sewerage levy
Households, industry,
agriculture
Emission levy, self-service
3
Wastewater treatment
100%
100%
Regional water
boards,
industry,
agriculture
4
Groundwater
management
95%
100%
Provinces
Households, industry,
nature
Groundwater levy, groundwater
tax
5
Regional water system
management
100%
100%
Regional water
boards
Households, industry,
agriculture
Watersystem levy
•
Cost recovery of water-services in the Netherlands
(Source: Van der Veeren and Dekking, 2008
http://www.kaderrichtlijnwater.nl/publicaties/item_5780/?ActItmIdt=18681
)
6
Example 2: Sustainable energy sector
• The Ministery of Economic Affairs, Agriculture
and Innovation requested more detailed
economic information on the sustainable energy
sector
• This is a subset of companies in the
Environmental Goods and Services Sector
• In spring 2011 Statistics Netherlands executed
an in depth study on the sustainable energy
sector (reporting year 2008)
• In 2012 we continue the work: annual update of
figures, monitoring trends
7
Results: value added and employment
0.33
0.31
0.29
Percentage
0.27
0.25
Share sustainable energy sector
in total employment
0.23
Share sustainable energy sector
in gross domestic product
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.15
2008
2009*
2010*
Year
• Share of sustainable energy sector in total
employment and GDP is small (<1 percent) but
increasing over time
8
Example 3: Carbon Footprint
• Environmental Accounts in combination
with Input Output tables allow to estimate
‘footprints’: the pollution caused by
consumption
• In 2011 the Dutch Sustainability Agenda
explicitly asked Statistics Netherlands to
further develop footprint indicators.
• In 2012 a project is being conducted to
refine the used methodology
9
Results: emission trade balance
•
Mton GHG
emissions
25
N2O (nitrous oxide)
CH4 (methane)
20
CO2
15
10
•
5
0
-5
-10
-15
Western Germany
Europe
Other
OECD
Middel
East
South
and
Central
America
United
states of
America
Eastern
Europe
Africa
Other
Asian
Russia
China
Trade balance
negative with
China (CO2) and
Russia (CH4), but
postive with
Germany
Caused by:
• NL is a large
net importer
from China
(volume
effect)
• Chinese
production
more
emission
intensive
10
Results: personal carbon footprint
• Personal
carbon
footprint is an
interactive
internet
application
• It allows
users to
estimate their
GHG
emissions
related to
their own
consumption
habits
http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/natuur-milieu/cijfers/extra/footprint.htm
11
SEEA as framework for Green Growth
• OECD green growth: “fostering economic growth and
development while ensuring that the quality and quantity of natural
assets can continue to provide the environmental services on which
our well-being relies. It is also about fostering investment, competition
and innovation which will underpin sustained growth and give rise to
new economic opportunities (OECD, 2011).
• Environmental accounts directly provide indicators and an underlying
analytical framework for the main characteristics of green growth:
a) Improving resource and environmental efficiency
b) Maintaining the natural asset base
c) Evaluation of the effectiveness of policy in greening growth
d) Providing new economic opportunities
12
Measuring green growth in the
Netherlands (2011)
Objective:
• Assess the state of green growth in the
Netherlands
• Benchmark for a more thorough and
comprehensive assessment of green growth
in the future
Point of departure: OECD indicators
• Data availability
• Robustness of indicators
• Relevance for the Netherlands
 List of 20 relevant indicators
• Project was completed in only 2 months
13
SEEA as a data source
Group
i
ii
iii
iv
Indicator
Production-based greenhouse gas intensity
Environmental Efficiency
Consumption-based greenhouse gas
emissions
Energy
efficiency
Renewable energy
Surpluses of nutrients
Material intensity
Water use intensity
Waste treatment
Stocks of standing timber
Natural asset base
Fish inputs
Natural gas reserves
Land conversion into built-up land
Threats to biodiversity
Environmental quality of life Pollution induced health problems
Green patents
Policy responses
Share of green taxes
Energy prices
Carbon trade
Environmental investments
Green jobs
Environmental
Environmental and energy
accounts
statistics
Other
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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Presentation and scores
Two scores:
A) trends in greening growth
Environmental efficiency indicators: based on degree of
decoupling (absolute / relative / no decoupling)
Other indicators: evaluation of their trends
B) policy targets
 based on publication of the Environmental
assessment agency
15
Example: development of GDP and key
figures
180
Index 1990=100
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
Domestic Product (gross, market prices, fixed price level)
Net energy use
Mineral reserves gas
Tap water use
Greenhouse gas emissions
Fine dust emissions
Heavy metals to water
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
0
16
Results: Scores of the green growth
indicators
i
ii
Trend
in Policy targets 1
greening growth
Group
Indicator
Time series
Environmental Efficiency
Production-based greenhouse gas intensity
1990-2009
Y
G
Consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions
1996; 2007
Y
-
Energy efficiency
1990-2009
Y
-
Renewable energy
1990-2009
G
R
Surpluses of nutrients
1990-2009
G
Y
Material intensity
1996-2008
Y
-
Water use intensity
1990-2009
G
-
Waste treatment
1985-2008
G
G
Stocks of standing timber
1990-2005
G
R
Fish inputs
1996-2008
R
-
Natural gas reserves
1990-2009
R
-
Land conversion into built-up land
1900-2006
-
-
Natural asset base
Threats to biodiversity
1994-2005
R
R
iii
Environmental quality of life
Pollution induced health problems
1980-2000
G
-
iv
Policy responses
Green patents
2000-2006
G
-
Share of green taxes
1990-2009
G
-
Energy prices
1990-2009
-
-
Carbon trade
2005-2009
-
-
Environmental investments
1990-2007
Y
-
Green jobs
1995-2008
G
-
17
Demand for green growth indicators
• High international interest
 OECD, UNEP initiatives
 One of the central themes for Rio+20
• High national interest
 Policy makers: Ministries of environment and
infrastructure, economy and innovation, financing
 Research institutes
 Businesses (corporate social responsibility etc.)
 General public / media
• In 2012: list of indicators being revised
18
Visualisation of GG indicators
(preliminary)
Index 1990=100
19
Conclusions
• Various advantages to SEEA:
• International statistical standard  Internationally
comparable statistics
• Integrating approach  consistent and
comprehensive statistics
• In the Netherlands compilation of EA based on source
data from existing institutional and statistical
infrastructure
• Increasing demand by various users for EA data
• SEEA provides a solid measurement framework for
monitoring green growth
20