Transcript Honey I blew up the planet

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Brendan Tangney
Center for Research
in IT in Education
[email protected]
www.cs.tcd.ie/crite/
The University of Dublin
Trinity College
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Mobile Technology?
e-Learning??
Teacher Professional
Development???
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Mobile Technology?
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(e)Learning & Mobile Technology
 “It is inevitable that every student will have a
portable wireless device. ……. Ubiquitous
computing will be a widespread force in
schools by the end of the decade or sooner.”
 Bull et al. [1] (National Technology
Leadership Summit)
 “Handheld devices are emerging as one of
the most promising technologies for
supporting learning and particularly
collaborative learning scenarios.”
 Hoppe et al [2]
 Handheld computers may become an
increasingly compelling choice of technology
for classrooms
 (Roschelle [4], Soloway et al [5],
Tinker & Krajcik [6]).
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De ja vu all over again???
“The net will carry education as it does
music to the backwoods, isolated farms
and into the mountains of Tennessee,
Kentucky and West Virginia. The
limitations of "the little red
schoolhouse" will pass away; the
country schoolteacher will be
reinforced by college professors and
other specialists. The net will be an
institution of learning as well as a
medium for entertainment and
communication.”
New York Times, February 24, 1923
On the expected use of Radio in education.
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Increasing evidence that, despite significant
investment in RTD and in infrastructure projects, both
the e-learning market and the implementation of
public funded e-learning programmes have not
delivered any significant return
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So what are e-mobile researchers doing?
COOTIES: Developed by Center for Highly-Interactive Computing in Education,
Michigan.
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Example II
Savannah – NESTA
FutureLab in Bristol,
UK.
Using mobile, GPS etc.
simulate being lions
collaboratively
hunting for prey on
the savannah.
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In general
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Pedagogical Underpinnings [11]
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What works well
 Collaboration. “The mobility of these devices also opens up the potential for
inter-group collaboration. Children can walk around, maintaining the
flexibility of interacting with many other children, rather than limiting their
collaboration to those on the computer beside them” Danesh et al [7].
 Contextual. It is widely recognised that physical contextualisation of
learning, through field trips and similar methods is beneficial to the learner.
This type of contextualisation provides the learner with hands-on, real world
experiences, promotes positive attitudes to the learning topic and motivation
towards the subject (Michie [8]). Because the learning takes place in rich
physical environments, filled with real world objects and connections, the
presented concepts/ideas are meaningfully contextualised, Falk [9].
 Constructionist. “Flexible access to technology will provide tools to help
children construct knowledge throughout their daily activities”, Inkpen [3]
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Mobile technology to mediate learning
Content
Student
“Teacher”
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TCD Applications
Collaborative, Constructionist and Contextual
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Txt IT - Collaborative, contextual
Making use of the pervasive
nature of standard mobile
phones – this application uses
text messaging to enable
“Out of band” communication
between the pupils and lecturer
during, and after, class.
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SortIT
Collaborative, Constructionist
SortIT is an interactive tool that encourages
learners to collaboratively construct their
own understanding of ‘sorting algorithms’.
For any non-trivial data set the sorting is best
done by collaboration.
Aided by a number of logging functions,
learners can then make a record of the
sequence of instructions they used to sort
the set.
Originally designed for Computer Science
classes but equally applicable to any
“classification” problem.
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uDrumSteps – Constructionist
(collaborative)
uDrumSteps, a mobile version of
DrumSteps a novel software tool for
percussion composition. Based firmly on
the constructionist theory that learning
occurs “especially well when the learner is
engaged in constructing something for
others to see” (Papert [10]), uDrumSteps
enables learners to create, manipulate, edit
and save original pieces of percussion
music through an intuitive interface.
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Empowerment
Digital Narrative - Constructivist, contextual, collaborative, learning
•Mobile technology can
empower users to be creative,
imaginative and productive in
ways which were not possible
heretofore!
•Using XDA smartphones, learners
collected images and sounds in
various contexts to create their own
film. Using phoneblogs to store and
upload their media, they then used
desktop applications to edit the final
product.
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Challenges
Borderless & inclusive learning: Challenges
 What our children need to learn in order to aspire to these
emerging societal paradigms?
 How can we change school education in order to facilitate this
orientation?
 How can we cater with the School Teacher of the Borderless
and Inclusive Learning? How can we serve the evolution of the
Teacher of the Open Classroom?
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Teacher Professional Development ???
 Barriers : usual suspects, time,
assessment, tech support etc.
etc.
 Mobile devices discouraged in
many schools.
 C3 type projects do not sit well
in many school systems.
 Often we do not practice what
we preach.
 Dog food factory owner!
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Desirable Characteristics for Teacher
Professional Development ???
The School Teacher of the 21st
Century
•Digitally literate
•Collaborative worker
•High learning potential
•Adaptive to varying learning
profiles/patterns
•Knowledge builder &
communicator
•Animator & Researcher
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 Need “simple, well-honed
technology, and rich pedagogically
developed social practices”
Roschelle [4].
 Project based learning
 Project based assessment
 Emphasis on demonstration
 Group work
 Timetable in chunks and in flexible
teaching spaces
 Technically rich environment
 On-line environments to support
delivery and promote collaboration
 Emphasis on developing innovative
IT facilitated learning experiences
 Emphasis on research/evaluation
 C.f. M.Sc. in IT & Learning @
TCD w.cs.tcd.ie/courses/mscitedu
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References
[1] Bull G, Bull G, Garofalo J & Harris J, Grand Challenges: Preparing for the Technological Tipping
Point. May 2002, Learning and Leading with Technology.
[2] Hoppe H.U., Joiner R., Milrad M. & Sharples M., Guest editorial: Wireless and Mobile Technologies
in Education. September 2003, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning.
[3] Inkpen K., Designing Handheld Technologies for Kids. May 1999, Personal Technologies Journal.
[4] Roschelle J., Unlocking the learning value of wireless mobile devices. September 2003, Journal of
Computer Assisted Learning.
[5] Soloway E., Norris C., Blumenfeld P., Fishman B.J., Krajcik J. & Marx R., Devices are Ready-atHand. April 2001, Communications of the ACM.
[6] Tinker R. & Krajcik J. (eds.) (2001) Portable Technologies: Science Learning in Context. Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
[7] Danesh A, Inkpen KM, Lau F, Shu K and Booth KS, Geney: Designing a collaborative activity for
the Palm handheld computer. Presented at ACM Computer Human Interaction Conference 2001,
Seattle, WA, 2001.
[8] Michie M, Factors influencing secondary science teachers to organise and conduct field trips. 1998
Australian Science Teacher's Journal. Journal 44 (4)
[9] Falk J., Learning from Museums: Visitor Experiences and the Making of Meaning : Visitor
Experiences and the Making of Meaning. 2000, AltaMira Press
[10] Papert, S. The Children's Machine: Rethinking School in the Age of the Computer. 1993, New York,
Basic Books.
[11] Bryan Patten, Inmaculada Arnedillo Sánchez, & Brendan Tangney. Designing collaborative,
constructionist and contextual applications for handheld devices. To appear in the British Journal
of Educational Technology.
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Who is doing what ?
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
The Next Small Thing - Handheld Computing for Educational Leaders
http://www.intel.com/education/articles/next_small_thing.htm
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The m-learning project http://www.m-learning.org
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Mobile Phone/SMS/Instant Messaging Research http://istsocrates.berkeley.edu/~nalinik/mobile.html
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Microsoft Education - Pocket PC Applications
http://www.microsoft.com/education/?ID=PocketPCApps
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The Center for Highly Interactive Computing in Education at the University of Michigan
http://www.handheld.hice-dev.org/
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Ubiquitous Computing, "Laptop Programs", and IT in Higher Education
http://www.ucalgary.ca/~grossman/ubiqhome.htm
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Ubiquitous Computing - Futures for Preservice Teachers and Teacher Educators?
http://www.iste.org/jcte/pdfs/te183074tho.pdf
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Concord Consortium nonprofit educational research and development organization.
http://www.concord.org/
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