World War II and its Aftermath
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Transcript World War II and its Aftermath
Chapter 4:
The Human
World
World Population
6.5 Billion
World Population Growth
Growth Rate
Birth Rate: Births per year, per 1000 people
Death Rate: Deaths per year, per 1000 people
Growth Rate = (Birth Rate – Death Rate)
In the last 200 years
improved medicine
has cause the
Death Rate to drop
drastically
Population Growth
In the Developed World, Birth & Death Rates are equal
Zero Population Growth, elsewhere growing rapidly
Population Growth: Why?
Growth Rate is high in Latin America, Africa, parts of Asia
Traditions of large families, agricultural economies
Doubling time is 25 years, compared to 300 years in the
developed world
Challenges of Population
Growth: Africa
Only part of world where food production has not
increased since 1950.
Warfare & Weather often damage crops
Rapid population growths strains countries’ resources:
Food, Clothing, Shelter and Clean Water
Challenges of Population
Growth: Worldwide
Can Food Production keep pace with Population?
Some Scientists say Yes, some say No.
Possibilities include new technologies in irrigation,
fertilizers, new varieties of plants
Negative Population Growth
Death Rate > Birth Rate: Germany & Hungary
Declining Populations lead to their own problems
Not enough labor, Guest Workers, Tensions, Protests
Population Distribution
Populations are not evenly distributed across the Earth
or across individual countries
Only a portion of the Earth is land, and only part of the land
is actually habitable
Population Movement
Over the last hundred years people have been moving
from rural areas and into cities
What is the significance of this movement?
Global Culture
Elements of Culture
Language
Religion
Social Groups
Government
Economic Activities
Culture Regions
Regions with many countries that have traits in common
History
Economics
Language
Art
Religion
Food
Government
Etc
Culture Hearths
Early Centers of Civilization whose ideas spread
Eight Features of Civilization
• Cities
• Organized Central Governments
• Complex Religions
• Job Specialization
Eight Features of Civilization
• Social Classes
• Arts & Architecture
•
Public Works
• Writing
Cultural Diffusion
Civilizations Make Contact With One Another
Ideas & Practices Spread Through Trade and Travel
Cultural Change
Three Major Historic Changes
Agricultural Revolution:
Shift from Hunting-Gathering to Cultivation
Industrial Revolution:
Factories & Machines to Produce Goods: Cities
Information Revolution:
Computers – Info Storage – Networks - Linkage
Government
Two Levels of Government:
Unitary Systems:
All power in one National Government
Federal Systems:
Power Shared Between National & States/Provinces
Types of Government
Autocracy:
Rule by One: Dictatorship, Monarchy, etc
Oligarchy:
Rule by the Few: Wealthy, Military, etc
Democracy:
Rule with Consent of Governed
Economics
Economic Systems:
$ Traditional
Economies
$ Command/Planned Economies
$ Market/Capitalist Economies
Natural Resources
Renewable
Non-Renewable
Resource Management
Immediate Goal: Manage Vital Resources
so that People’s present needs are met
Long Term Goal: Ensure that the needs of
Future Generations are met
Replace Fossil Fuels with Renewable Sources
Economic Development
Primary Economic Activities
Secondary Economic Activities
Tertiary Economic Activities
Quaternary Economic Activities
Primary Economic Activities
Directly taking resources from the Earth
Secondary Economic Activities
Use Raw Materials to Produce something new & valuable
These activities can occur close to resource or market
Tertiary Economic Activities
Do not involve acquiring or remaking natural resources
These activities provide services to people or businesses
Quaternary Economic Activities
Concerned with the processing & management of information
Government, Info Processing, Education, Research
Economic Development
Developed
Countries
Developing
Countries
Manufacturing &
Source of Resources
Industrial Base
Small Scale Agriculture
Large Scale Agriculture
Subsistence Farming
Educated Population Less Educated Population
World Trade
Countries Export Specialized Products They Produce
Countries Import Things They Need
Barriers to World Trade
Tariffs: Taxes on Imports
Quotas: Limits on number of Items that can be Imported
Embargo: Banning Trade with a Country
Free Trade
Some Governments favor reducing barriers to trade
World Trade Organization (WTO):
International Organization promoting Free Trade
European Union (EU):
Worlds largest trading block, common currency (Euro)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA):
USA, Canada and Mexico
People and the Environment
Pollution
Water Pollution:
Oil spills, fertilizer & pesticide runoff, chemical waste, etc
Land Pollution:
Chemical waste in topsoil, radioactive waste, etc
Air Pollution:
Exhaust from fossil fuels, acid rain, etc