Transcript Slide 1

Sc.912.e.6.4
Analyze how specific geologic
processes and features are expressed
in Florida and elsewhere.
Earth Structures - The scientific theory of plate
tectonics provides the framework for much of
modern geology. Over geologic time, internal and
external sources of energy have continuously
altered the features of Earth by means of both
constructive and destructive forces. All life,
including human civilization, is dependent on
Earth's internal and external energy and material
resources.
16.3
Shoreline Processes and Features
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Chapter 16: The Dynamic Ocean
Online Field Trips
Chapter Quiz
Study Guide Summary (PowerPoint presentation)
Web Quest: Will I Be Treading Water?
Web Resources
– Ocean Circulation: Links on ocean currents
– Ocean Movement: Waves and Tides: Links on ocean waves
– Beach and Shoreline Processes: Links on coastal changes
• Animations
DAY1
• How are sediments along the shoreline
moved?
• By which processes do shoreline features
form?
• What structures can be built to protect a
shoreline?
• What is beach nourishment?
Key Terms:
• Wave refraction
– The bending of waves
• Spits
– Elongated ridge of sand
• Tombolos
– Ridge of sand that connects an island to the
mainland or another island
Key Terms:
• Sandbar
– A ridge formed by ocean currents depositing
sand near the shore.
• Beach nourishment
– Addition of sand to the beach
16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
Forces Acting on the Shoreline
 A beach is the accumulation of sediment
found along the shore of a lake or ocean.
 Waves along the shoreline are constantly
eroding, transporting, and depositing
sediment. Many types of shoreline features
can result from this activity.
16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
Forces Acting on the Shoreline
 Wave Impact
• The impact of large, high-energy waves against the shore can be
awesome in its violence. Each breaking wave may hurl
thousands of tons of water against the land, sometimes causing
the ground to tremble.
 Abrasion
• Abrasion is the sawing and grinding action of rock fragments in
the water.
• Abrasion is probably more intense in the surf zone than in any
other environment.
CHAPTER
16
CHAPTER HOME
Wind, Waves, and Currents
VOCABULARY
beach
sandbar
fjord
16.3 Shoreline Features
Waves affect the shoreline by eroding and
depositing materials.
Sea cliffs, sea caves, sea arches, and sea stacks
result from shoreline erosion.
Sea cliff
Longshore current
Sea arch
Sea stack
SECTION OUTLINE
Look at this picture:
What could have caused this?
Why is it so smooth?
What will most likely happen to the trees on top of this cliff?
DAY 2
• Fill in the following concept map
Wave Refraction
Causes this
in bays
is defined as
causes this
on headlands
16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
Forces Acting on the Shoreline
 Wave Refraction
• Wave refraction is the bending of waves, and it plays an
important part in the shoreline process.
• Because of refraction, wave energy is concentrated against the
sides and ends of headlands that project into the water, whereas
wave action is weakened in bays.
Wave Refraction
• What is wave refraction and
what are its effects?
Wave Refraction
Causes this
in bays
is defined as
Bending of
waves
deposition
causes this
on headlands
erosion
DAY 3
Depositional Features
Match term to area in picture
Spits, Bars and Tombolos
CHAPTER
16
CHAPTER HOME
Wind, Waves, and Currents
VOCABULARY
beach
sandbar
fjord
16.3 Shoreline Features
Waves affect the shoreline by eroding and
depositing materials.
Sandbars, spits, baymouth bars, hooks, lagoons,
and barrier islands result from shoreline deposition.
Lagoon
Baymouth
bar
SECTION OUTLINE
Spit
Longshore current
Shoreline Processes and Features
Depositional Features
 Spits, Bars, and Tombolos
• Where longshore currents and other surf zone currents are active,
several features related to the movement of sediment along the
shore may develop.
- A spit is an elongated ridge of sand that projects
from the land into the mouth of an adjacent bay.
- A baymouth bar is a sandbar that completely
crosses a bay.
- A tombolo is a ridge of sand that connects an
island to the mainland or to another island.
Evolution of Shoreline Features
Match term to
area in picture;
Spits, Bars and
Tombolos
16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
Depositional Features
 Barrier Islands
• Barrier islands are narrow sandbars parallel to, but separate
from, the coast at distances from 3 to 30 kilometers offshore.
Barrier Islands
DAY 4
• Create a Venn Diagram for
helpful and harmful effects of
Beach Nourishment
Shoreline Processes and Features
Stabilizing the Shore
 Protective Structures
• Groins, breakwaters, and seawalls are some structures built to
protect a coast from erosion or to prevent the movement of sand
along a beach.
 Beach Nourishment
• Beach nourishment is the addition of large quantities of sand to
the beach system.
Miami Beach Before and After
Beach Nourishment
Day 4
• FCIM Assessment