Transcript Slide 1

Lighting the way to a better
future
A domestic violence
prevention program for
churches
North Carolina State University
Department of Social Work
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
Funding for this project was provided by
Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation
and
North Carolina State University Faculty Research and
Professional Development Fund
The Rundown
 Objectives
Rationale
& Project
 Demographics
 Domestic
 Working
Violence
and Culture
Violence
with Domestic
Objectives
At end of the training session you
should be able to:
o Define domestic violence
o Explain the rationale for using pastors to
o
o
o
o
convey domestic violence prevention
information to the Hispanic/Latino
community
Identify cultural factors that could affect your
work with pastors
Describe the content of the minister training
manual
Identify your individual and team strengths
and weaknesses
Describe your team’s plan for implementing
pastor training sessions
Where is Latin America?
Caribbean
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Antigua & Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Haiti
Jamaica
Martinique
Puerto Rico
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the
Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands
Virgin Islands
Central America
South America
North America
1.Belize
1.Argentina
1.Mexico
2.Costa
Rica
3.El Salvador
4.Guatemala
5.Honduras
6.Nicaragua
7.Panama
2.Bolivia
3.Brazil
4.Chile
5.Colombia
6.Ecuador
7.French
Guiana
8.Guyana
9.Paraguay
10.Peru
11.Suriname
12.Uruguay
13.Venezuela
Latinos or Hispanics?
 Difficult to be politically correct
 Each country/person might
have own preference
 Identify by country of origin
 Latino: Language origin.
 Hispanics:Geographic origin.

In U.S. the term Hispanic was introduced
as a “census category” by the Nixon
administration in 1970 to identify people
with Spanish heritage. It has been used
as the “official” government term.
Cultural Diversity

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
Commonalities and Diversity
Immigrants from over 20
countries
One size does not fit all
Language
 Acculturation
 Generation Status
 SES
 Life history

U.S. Latino Population
Today in Millions
29
7
11
1
9
Non-Foreign Born Citizens
Naturalized Citizens
Legal Residents/Refugees/Asylees
Temporary/Other Immigrant Status
Undocumented
(Migration Policy Institute, 2006; Pew Hispanic, 2007)
Growth in Latino
Population
Gain of 200% +
100.0 to 199.9
57.9 to 99.9
0.0 to 57.8
-0.1to -10
Loss of 10% +
NC Latino Population
1990 =
2000 =
2007 =
56,667
378,963
643,333
=
=
=
1.1%
4.7%
7.1%
Births to Latinos increased by 1208%
from 1990 to 2006. The number went
from 1,754 in 1990 to 21,202 in 2006
or 17% of births.
(NC Vital Statistics, 2008; Census; 2007)
Distribution of
Latinos Across N.C.
Kasarda, J. D., and Johnson, J. H.(2006).
Statistics

More than 50% of all women will experience
violence from a partner.

Wife beating results in more injuries required
medical treatment for women than rape, auto
accidents, and muggings combined.

30% of women murdered in the US are
murdered by their husbands, ex-husbands or
boyfriend.

70% of reported domestic violence assaults
occur when the victim was out of the
relationship.
Statistics

Every 9 seconds there is a victim of
Domestic Violence
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A woman increases her chances of being
killed 75% after she leaves the home.

60% of the time the first battering occurs
during pregnancy.
Connections Between
Domestic Violence and
Child Abuse

Some studies report abuse as
high as 50-70% of Latina women
in their samples (Aguilar Hass et al., 2000)


Higher in rural areas (Murdaugh et al., 2004)
Perpetrators who abuse their
partners are at least 15 times
more likely to abuse a child.

35 - 70% of batterers abuse both
(Kellogg & Menard, 2003)
Jeopardy
THE LAW
$200 Question

How does domestic violence
affect children?
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Children experience fear,
confusion, hopelessness,
physical and mental health
problems, and may learn to
distrust adults.
$400 Question

What is a Domestic Violence
Protective Order?

A court order that protects a
victim from their perpetrator. The
purpose of this is to prevent
further domestic violence.
$800 Question

How can a domestic violence
conviction affect a person who is
not a U.S. citizen?

This can result in deportation
and prevent a person from
becoming a U.S. citizen.
$1000 Question

What is the Violence Against
Women Act?
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This law allows abused women
who are married to United
States citizens or legal
permanent residents to apply for
residency for themselves and
their children.
HOMBRES Y MUJERES
$200 Question

Why do women stay with
abusive men?
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The reasons include financial
dependence, love, belief that the
partner will change, belief in the
importance of keeping the family
together.
$400 Question

Are pregnant women at
especially high risk for abuse?
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Yes, one in five women are
abused while pregnant.
$600 Question

Why are some men abusive?
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Because they grew up watching
their fathers abuse their
mothers, they think women
deserve abuse and want to be
mistreated.
$800 Question

Why do some women choose
abusive partners?

Because they grew up watching
their fathers abuse their
mothers, they believe they have
no choice but to accept abuse.
$1000 Question

Are upper class women less
likely to be battered/ abused
than other women?

No, abuse cuts across all
classes, but upper classes are
less likely to report abuse.
LATINOS AND ABUSE
$200 Question

Is domestic abuse a serious
health issue for Latinas in the
South?
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Yes, recent studies have
showed 54%-70% of Latinas
reporting violent victimization in
the last year.
$600 Question

Is domestic violence a crime in
Mexico?

Yes, in fact it was just made a
law in 2007. Prior to that
domestic violence was
considered a private/family
matter.
$800 Question

Are Hispanic/Latino women less
likely to report abuse than
women of other backgrounds?

Yes, Latinas often have limited
English abilities, greater
economic dependence, worries
about deportation and losing
their children, and obligations to
marriage.
$1000 Question

What kind of stresses contribute
to domestic violence in
Hispanic/Latino families?

They include poverty, adjusting
to a new culture, being treated
unfairly and disrespected at
work and in other places.
DEFINING DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE
$200 Question

What is domestic violence?

Physical abuse, emotional and
psychological abuse, sexual
abuse, and economic abuse
$600 Question

Do problems with drugs and/or
alcohol cause domestic
violence?

No, drugs and alcohol may
reinforce abuse but they do not
cause the violence and should
not be used to excuse it.
$800 Question

What is the domestic abuser's
goal?
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Often times the individual is
trying to gain power and control
over his partner.
$1000 Question

"You need me. You'd be nothing
without me... You're useless !" is
an example of what type of
Domestic Abuse?

Emotional or psychological
abuse
FINAL JEOPARDY
QUESTION

What is the percent of domestic
abuse cases that resulted in
injury to a woman versus a
man?

90% of injuries were found
among women (in the other
10% both were injured, but in all
of those cases the injury was
more severe for the woman)
(Strauss, Steinmetz, Gelles, 1980)
Understanding the
Latino/Hispanic Culture
Relationships: Personalismo
Personal relationships are
more important than
institutional relationships
 Trust is placed in individuals,
not in institutions
 Preference for collaborative
rather that competitive
activities.

Etiquette
Firm handshake -> hug and
light kiss
 Use of titles of respect before
first names (Don and Doña)
 More relaxed and flexible about
time
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Don’t stress about planning and
focus on day to day concerns
Religion is very important

“Sí Dios quiere…”
Language and
Communication

Respeto/humildad is shown by
listening when a person is talking,
by following his/her advice.
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Respect for authority and elderly
Personal Space - Affection

Tap on the shoulder
 Listen to what they want to say
even if it not related to the task.
 Don’t feel you have to answer all their
questions or resolve their needs.
Language and
Communication

Individuals may not give you a
direct/ straight answer

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Tend to elaborate a lot in responses
to questions
Some Hispanics don’t take
criticism well; they react as if it is
directed at them rather than the
action performed

Hard to say “No” - avoid
confrontation
Family Values /
Familismo
 Family: most important social unit
 Machismo: father as head of the
family (dominant figure)
 Marianismo: traditionally place of
mother in the home
 Moral responsibility: help other
members of the family - Velar
 Family ties: very strong
 Families gather together
Family Values…cont’d

Hispanics who immigrate to
U.S. may lose the support
provided by the extended
family.

This can at times cause a shift
in gender roles and a change in
roles of parents and children.
Connecting with the Hispanic
Community and Building Trust
Slow process
 Listening and observing
 Attending fiestas, events
 Talking with members of the
community

Knowing their concerns
 Knowing their differences
 Knowing their skills

How Do We Get Started?
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Establish a presence in the
Hispanic community
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Attend cultural events in your
community, such as festivals and
soccer tournaments
Develop personal connections
with Hispanic community leader:
Hispanic organizations/ churches/
schools/ directors/ restaurants
Learn about the community and
context in which people live,
and get to know people as
individuals
Engaging Programs
Be aware of constraints
church leaders face
 Consult the group about best
time to meet

Be flexible
 Evenings and weekends might
be best

Engaging Programs
Hang signs in Spanish
leading to the meeting room,
restrooms, and other needed
facilities.
 Serve food and/or snacks.
 Offer door prizes.
 Consider transportation
needs. If possible, provide
transportation options.

Engaging Programs

Make things less formal
Fun activities: role plays, handson activities, drama, video, use
of personal history, culturally
relevant materials.
 Ex: Putting together a shelf
without instructions

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Find out the Spanish literacy
level and English proficiency
level of the individuals you
are working with.
Engaging Programs
Allow them to interact.
 Use cooperative activities
rather that competitive
activities.
 Make a comfortable
environment.
 Written material a supporting
player.

Engaging Programs
If you need an interpreter, try
to find a bilingual volunteer
known by the community.
 If you don’t speak Spanish, try
to learn and use common
phrases.

Remember…

Create a warm relationship.

Emphasize relationships over
tasks.
Make a firm commitment to
follow up with church leaders.
 Invite other Latino community
partners if needed.

Remember…
Do not get discouraged if
outcomes are not what you
expected, try again!
 Building trust is a process that
takes time.
