Transcript CIS105 - ACADWEB

CIS105
Chapter 1 Theory Review
Page 2
• Hardware and Software are the two major
components o any computer system
• Hardware is the set of physical devices
associated with a computer
• Software is a set of computer instructions that
tell the hardware what to do.
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• Data Items enter the computer system
through input devices including keyboards and
mice.
• The central processing (CPU) performs tasks
like math, organization, and accuracy
checking.
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• Computer instructions are written in a
computer programming languages like Visual
Basic, C#, C++, or Java.
• Syntax is the rules of the language.
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• The program instructions are stored in the
computer’s internal RAM memory which is
internal and temporary.
• A compiler or a interpreter is used to translate
a programming language to binary language
(machine language) of 0s and 1s.
• The programming instructions are called
source code and the translated code is called
object code
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• When you decide on the correct instructions
for a program, you are developing the
program’s logic.
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• The instruction myAnswer = myNumber * 2 is
an example of a processing operation.
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• Modern computer programs have been
written since the 1940’s.
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• Object-Oriented Programming Steps include
– Analyzing the system
– Designing the system
– Writing the program
• Black Box Tests
– Provide input and determine valid output without
looking at the how the program works internally.
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• Data modeling involves identifying at least
three components of a systems:
– Data entity types
– Data attributes
– Relationships
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• Writing the program includes
– Developing the logic of the program
– Coding the Program
– Using software to translate the program code into
machine language
– Testing the Program
Page 10-11
• Two common planning tools
– Flowcharts
– Pseudocode
• Some experienced programmers can
successfully combine the planning and coding
of the program in one step.
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• Machine language consists of 0s and 1s
• A syntax error is a misuse of a languages
grammar rules
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• Conversion includes the entire set of actions
an organization must take to switch over to
suing a new program or set of programs an
can sometimes take months or years to
accomplish.
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• Maintenance is necessary because the format
of some input data changes—for example
– Telephone area codes
– Zipcodes
– Wage and tax standards
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• Flowchart is a pictorial representations of the
logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
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• Input symbols and Output symbols are
represented by parallelograms.
• Processing symbols are represented by
rectangles.
• Terminal symbols are represented by
lozenges.
• Decision symbols are represented by
diamonds.
• Flowlines are arrows used to connect the
steps.
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• IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
– Highlights syntax errors visually