Transcript Multi purpose river projects and Integrated water

Dam – it!
Multi purpose river projects and Integrated water resources Management
Std X CBSE
As per NCERT geography textbook
Contemporary India II
October 1963
Dakotas of the Indian Air Force dipped their wings overhead.
Pundit Nehru flicked on the switch of the powerhouse
and opened the sluice gates of the dam.
Villagers downstream celebrated and set off
fireworks
In his speech dedicating the dam to the nation,
he called dams as the
‘Temple of modern India’
Which project are we talking about?
Bhakra Dam
The Grand Anicut was built during the Chola Dynasty
Was
this
thecentury
first water
regulating
structure
to
It is
the
oldest
water
regulating
structure
and
is
in
the
1st
/
2nd
A.D
.
to
harness
the
waters
ofstill
the
Made of stone, it is as long as 3 football fields
be
built
in India?
very
much
in use.
river
Cauvery.
Photo by Claire Arni and Oriole Henri
A dam is a barrier across flowing water
It obstructs, directs, or retards the flow of water. It usually creates a reservoir
Surplus water flows out over spillways
Sluice / Radial Gates control the flow of water downstream (most gates today
are radial gates)
Reservoir
Spillways
Power House
River
Long Distance Power Lines
Gate
Generator
Intake
Turbine
River
Classification of Dams
Based on size – Large dams (>15 meters)
Major dams (over 150 meters in height)
Sometimes also classified as low, medium and high.
Based on structure and material used – Timber dams,
Arch gravity dams, Embankment dams or Masonry dams,
with several sub types.
Based on purpose - Saddle dam, Dry dam, Diversion dam
Why do you think dams are broader
at the bottom than at the top?
Earlier water regulating structures impounded water for irrigation
Today, as the name suggests – they are
Multi-purpose river projects
Power
270 million gallons of drinking water
per day 10
to the
industrialized
areas of
million
acres in Punjab,
1204
MW Pradesh,
Himachal
Delhi,
Delhi, Uttar
Pradesh
and Uttarakhand
Haryana and Rajasthan
Tehri
Irrigation
Domestic Kutch ,Saurashtra
Water Supply
1920 MW
1181MW
controls flooding of the
lower delta region by the
Mahanadi river
815.6 MW
Flood Control
Inland Navigation
water-skiing, sailing,
kayaking, speed boating
and water scooter racing
Tehri
fifty one species and sub
species of fish. Also a water
fowl refuge
Recreation
Fish Breeding
diverts water from the
Ganga into the Hoogly
during the dry season to
flush out accumulated silt
and allow navigation
through the Hoogly into
the port of Kolkata
Temples of modern India
industries
water supply
livelihood +
fishing
hydropower for
electricity
irrigation
Inland Navigation
Flood Control
Temples of modern India?
Loss of natural biodiversity
Evaporation,
Green House
Gas emission
Displacement of local tribes
Destruction of historical
and archaeological sites
Loss of Livelihood
Temples of modern India?
Fragmentation of river ecosystems and
Impacts biodiversity
• Barrier for movement of migratory fish like the
salmon, thereby affecting its population
• Reduction in natural biodiversity along
riverbanks due to reduced
natural flooding
• Alters water temperature downstream,
affecting plant and animal life in the
reservoir and the river
Reservoir Sedimentation
Sediments that naturally flow in a river are blocked
Reservoir storage capacity reduces
Power generation and water availability reduces
Downstream erosion
Lesser sediments reach downstream
Water flow eats into riverbed and shore (erosion)
affects biodiversity in and along the river and
increases coastal erosion
Temples of modern India?
Other social and ecological impacts:
Cropping patterns changed to more
water intensive crops – affects soil quality
Water disputes
• Inter-state water disputes
Maharastra vs. Karnataka and AP
Karnataka vs. TN
• Between farmers and urban areas
Sabarmati basin
Cauvery basin
But are water disputes caused by a mismatch in
demand and supply? Do dams actually ease
disputes by providing water during lean periods?
Debate this in class.
the disputes.
Let’s play a game
Hangman
• Divide the class into 5 teams
• Draw as many dashes as in the name of a dam / reservoir / barrage.
________
• Team A starts. They guess a letter. The teacher puts in the letter at the
correct place, if it is there in the name of the dam. Else, the letter is
written down on one side.
• A maximum of 10 wrong guesses are allowed.
• The team gets as many points as letters on the side (maximum of 10).
• The team with the lowest number of points wins
Point the correct position
of the dam/ reservoir /
barrage on the map and
get 2 points reduced from
your points tally
Source: Maps of India
Activity 1
Assign the following roles to students
• A bench of 5 Supreme Court Judges
• A person who will lose his home and lands by construction of a dam
• A passionate environmentalist
• A farmer downstream, plagued by seasonal floods and drought
• An industrialist
• A politician from a nearby urban constituency
Activity 1
• Select a river in your state
• Let each party put forward their views on the construction of a
multi-purpose river project that will directly affect them
• Let each party also put forth solutions for opposing factions
• The judges can take a decision on the project depending
on the case put forth
Activity 2
• Divide the class into 2 teams
• Discuss the pros and cons of the dam built at Tehri or Koyna
(let the students research the facts before the classroom discussion)