Transcript Prezentacja programu PowerPoint

Costumes in the past & now
MENU
• FESTIVALS
• DANCES
• TRADITIONAL COSTUMES
• ACROBATS’ SHOW
• PEKIN OPERA
• RELIGIOUS CUSTOMS
• LOCAL BELIEFS
Chinese music, dance and opera, as well as
the culture and customs of ethnic minorities
are treasure stores of tourism resources.
During the long course of historical
development, China’s different peoples
have developed individual customs in
response to their own particular
environments, social conditions and level of
economic development.
China’s folklore is especially gorgeous and
attractive. There are more than 40 yearly
famous festivals. Besides, every ethnic
minority group has its own celebrations.
•Spring Festival before
Chinese Year
•Dragon Boat Festival
•Chinese Lantern Festival
•Kite Festival in Pekin
•Lion Dance Festival in
Hong Kong
The Spring Festival (or the
Chinese New Year) is the most
important event for the Chinese. The
Spring Festival is on Feb. 5th.
Traditionally it begins with the practice
of offering a sacrifice to the Kitchen
God, sent from Heaven to each family
to take charge of family's affairs and
make a report on what the family has
done in the past year. So, Chinese
people make a lotus root-like sticky
cake to prevent the Kitchen God from
speaking ill of the family in Heaven by
sticking his mouth. This tradition is still
observed in some areas of
countryside.
Dragon Boat Festival is called Duan Wu Jie
in Chinese. It’s celebrated on the 5th of the fifth
month of the Chinese lunar calendar to
commemorate the death of a great patriot poet, Qu
Yuan.
People are reminded the importance of loyalty and
commitment to the community by the festival.
He served in the court of Emperor Huai during the
Warring States (475 - 221 BC). He was a wise and
erudite man but his ability and fight against
corruption antagonized other court officials. Thus,
they exerted their evil influence on the Emperor
who dismissed Qu Yuan and eventually exiled him.
He traveled extensively, taught and wrote about his
ideas. However, when he heard that his State was
defeated by another State, he was so despaired that
ended his life by flinging himself into the Miluo
River. People threw food into the river to feed fish
because they hoped to salvage his body.
The Lantern Festival or Yuanxiao
Jie is a traditional Chinese festival,
which is on the 15th of the first month
of the Chinese New Year. The festival
marks the end of the celebrations of the
Chinese New Year.
On the night of the festival, people go
on streets with a variety of lanterns
under the full moon, watching lions or
dragon dancing, playing Chinese
riddles and games, and lighting up
firecrackers.
Glutinous rice ball or Tangyuan is the
special food for the Lantern Festival
symbolizing family unity, completeness
and happiness. It is a kind of sweet
dumpling, which is made with sticky
rice flour filled with sweet stuffing.
KITE FESTIVAL IN PEKIN
Every year in May local people fly
colourful kites to bring their
children good health, strength and
courage. This tradition started
many years ago when the lord of
the region sent a huge kite into the
sky with his child’s name on it.
People
put
on
costumes
embroidered
with
elaborate
designs to match the ones on their
kites. The atmoshere is fantastic.
People keep waving flags, banding
drums, playing trumpets and
blowing whistles. It’sa stunning
show.
LHASA
YOGHURT
Buddhists believe that nothing is permanent, and on 9th
March they celebrate this belief. Long before the festival
begins, monks make their preparations by mixing brightlycoloured dyes into huge quantities of iced butter. It takes
them several months to carve the frozen butter into highly
decorated statues, some as much as 8 m high. On the day
of the festival itself, the sculptures- supported by wooden
frames – are carried through the streets and greeted with
cheers from the excited crowds. Afterwards, the figures
are thrown into the river by the monks who made them to
demonstrate the idea that not even the most beautiful things
last forever.
Dai’s WashingSprinkling Festival
Qigong performance
Tianjin Culture
Festival (stilts)
There are 55 ethnic minority groups
and each of them preserved their
local dances.
FILM
Tibetan costumes
Acrobats have been folk entertainment since ancient times.
The centre for modern acrobatics is Wuqiao in Hebei
Province, where a large number of the residents are born
acrobats, who walk around the street juggling or balancing
tools on their heads. There are regular shows in Beijing and
Shanghai, while troupes perform occasionally in other cities.
Chinese acrobatics are among the best in the world and
transcend language barriers. Performances are exhilarating,
with expert acrobats balancing on eight or ten stacked tables
while juggling, singing, and dancing.
A form of music drama often called Chinese opera is
found on every city's cultural menu. Most local forms
of opera offer dance or acrobats, while Beijing opera
(jingxi) combines dance, song, mime, acrobatics, and
dialogue and is the form most familiar in the West.
It's not necessary to understand the language to
appreciate this visually stunning art form. In fact,
Chinese audience members sometimes require
projected subtitles.
China is a multi-religious country.
Buddhism,
Islamism,
Catholicism
Christianity, and China indigenous
Taoism, as well as Shamanism, Eastern
orthodox Christanity and the Naxi
people’s
Dongba
religion,
have
developed in China. Freedom of belief is
a government policy, and normal
religious activites are protected by the
Constitution.
Officially, People’s Republic of China is
an atheist country.
RELIGION IN GENERAL
Before the Communist Revolution, a number of religious and philosophical
systems were practised in China. Traditionally Taoism and Confucianism
provided ethical guides to the proper behavior of individuals and officials. Both
of these systems originated in China during the so-called Golden Age of Chinese
thought, several centuries before the beginning of the Christian era.
Taoism sought to promote the inner peace of individuals and harmony with their
surroundings. Taoism speaks of a permanent Tao in the way that some Western
religions speak of God. The Tao is considered unnamed and unknowable, the
essential unifying element of all that is.
Confucianism, based on the teachings and writings of the philosopher
Confucius, is an ethical system that sought to teach the proper way for all people
to behave in society. Each relationship--husband-wife, parents-children, rulersubjects--involved a set of obligations which, if upheld, would lead to a just and
harmonious society. Following his teachings would also promote a stable,
lasting government.
Dhvaja
Banner - the
victory of the
Buddha's
teachings.
Buddhism, which came to China from India as early as
the 1st century AD, was a more conventional religion.
It was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, a
prince of the Sakya kingdom on the borders of what
are now India and Nepal. One day he left the palace
and saw so many poor people that decided to help
them. Intent on finding relief for human suffering, he
received a moment of enlightenment while meditating
under a Bo tree. The Buddha taught that desires are
the source of pain, and that by overcoming desires,
pain can be eliminated. To this end, he advocated
meditation and pursuing the Eightfold Path, similar to
the Ten Commandments of Judaism and Christianity.
The objective was to reach Nirvana, the condition of
serenity of spirit, where all cravings, strife, and pain
have been overcome, giving way to a merging of the
spirit with eternal harmony.
It has been estimated that more than 68 million
Chinese still consider themselves Buddhists, though it
is unlikely that they practise the religion regularly.
BUDDHISM
5 basic Commandments:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
No killing
No stealing
No sexual misconduct
No lying
No abuse of drugs and alcohol
piec
Prayer mills
Prayer flags
People incense an altar
Dharmachakra
The wheel of the law.
The eight spokes
represent the eightfold
path.
Chattra
A parasol - protection
against all evil; high
rank.
Zigzag footbridges are common as it’s
believed that ghosts cannot turn around
corners.
Tying bids for good luck
4
8
- Brings bad luck; is associated with death
- Brings good luck
Generally even numbers have positive connotation,
whereas odd numbers sound negative.
GIVING GIFTS
• Gifts are given in pairs as odd numbers
are thought to be unfortunate.
In Central China, if a baby is born, his
father will send Red Boiled Eggs to
announce the news. An even number,
usually six or eight Red Boiled Eggs
with a black point dotted on one end
will be delivered for a boy and an odd
number, usually five or seven without
black point for a girl.
BELIEFS ABOUT NEWLY- BORN KIDS
• It is traditionally believed in China that the world is
made up of five principal elements: metal, wood, water,
fire, and earth. A person's name is to include an
element that he lacks in his Eight Characters. If he
lacks water, for example, then his name is supposed to
contain a word like river, lake, tide, sea, stream, rain,
or any word associating with water. If he lacks metal,
then he is to be given a word like gold, silver, iron, or
steel.
• The Chinese think a name may somehow determine the
future of the child. Therefore, all possible factors must
be taken into account when they are naming their
children.
FINAL REMARKS
We should preserve our traditions and cultivate local
customs as
they are the link between the past and present times,
Give a sense of uniting between generations and/or a
feeling of belonging to a nation
– especially useful for emigrants in a new place.
Thanks to their folklor, bring colours to our life and
emphasize cultural diversity of various countries.
USEFUL PHRASES
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SHOW MISCONDUCT
FOSTER GOOD LUCK
EVEN AND ODD NUMBERS
TAKE INTO ACCOUNT VARIOUS
FACTORS
VISUALLY STUNNING ART
FORM
SYMBOLIZNIG FAMILY UNITY
AND HAPPINESS
FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION
REMIND OF LOYALTY
BE AN ADVOCATE OF STH
EMPHASIZE CULTURAL
DIVERSITY
PROMOTE=PROPAGATE IDEAS
PRESERVE NATIVE CULTURE
CULTIVATE CUSTOMS
COMMEMORATE THIS EVENT
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POKAZYWAĆ ZŁE POSTĘPOWANIE
SPRZYJAĆ SZCZĘŚCIU
PARZYSTE I NIEPARZYSTE LICZBY
BRAĆ POD UWAGĘ RÓŻNE
CZYNNIKI
WIZUALNIE OLŚNIEWAJĄCA
FORMA ARTYSTYCZNA
SYMBOLIZUJĄC JEDNOŚĆ
RODZINNA I SZCZĘŚCIE
WALKA Z KORUPCJĄ
PRZYPOMINAĆ ZNACZENIE
LOJALNOŚCI
BYĆ ZWOLENNIKIEM
PODKREŚLAĆ RÓŻNORODNOŚĆ
KULTUROWĄ
PROMOWAC IDEE
ZACHOWYWAĆ RDZENNE
KULTURY
PIELĘGNOWAĆ ZWYCZAJE
UPAMIĘTNIAĆ TO WYDARZENIE
AUTHORS:
Marlena Miga
Danuta Mirońska
European Club
I Liceum Ogolnoksztalcace
Mielce, Poland