Transcript Concept Attainment - Missouri S&T - South

PEI Follow-Up
Sessions
Elementary Teachers
Agenda
 Questions/concerns
 Review
Concept Attainment
 Sharing
 Three
Step Interview connected
to Concept Attainment
 Home
Last Session
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We played with Framing Questions -- an
instructional skill -- we also played with
Place Mat, Numbered Heads, Round
Robin, One Stray Rest Stay,
Brainstorming, Concept Attainment, Fish
Bone Diagrams, Bloom’s Taxonomy,
Inductive and Deductive Thinking
Concept
Attainment
Jerome Bruner’s Inductive
thinking strategy
How many of you have
experienced Concept
Attainment or applied it
in the classroom?
All of you have experienced it,
the process is what your
parents used when you were
young … to ‘teach’ you all
those ‘concepts’ like dog and
truck etc.
Have you played this game?
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I am going on a trip and I can take a carrot
but I cannot take a can; I can take a beet
but I cannot take a bottle …
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Side A
Side B
Testers
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
What level of thinking and what type of
thinking does Concept Attainment demand?
• Level of thinking: Analysis
• Type of thinking: Inductive
• We see this with this objective: The students will
demonstrate they understand the difference
between weather and climate.
• Can you sense the relationship between
Concept Attainment and Venn Diagrams?
Climate, Weather and Concept Attainment
• The high temperature today will be 14 degrees
• Over the last decade the ice-cap has been
receding.
• Yesterday we had a tornado.
• Each year the monsoons come in the spring.
• I have never seen it snow like that before.
• We have four seasons every year: spring,
summer, winter, and fall.
Open and Closed-Ended ?’s
• What is your name?
• Please explain how photosynthesis
works?
• What are the parts of a bunsen burner?
• Why do you think Tuck did not drink the
water?
Inductive thinking refers to
Classifying -understanding how
things in a group
are the
same…pushes the
analysis level of
thinking
Deductive thinking refers to
Finding an answer
… the scientific
method is an
example, we form
a hypothesis and
then find an
answer.
What is a concept?
• Anything that has a label
• …and has a definition
• …and two or more examples that fit into that
definition that have the same attributes that
differentiate them from those things that don’t
• NOTE: that means most proper nouns are not
examples of concepts. (E.G., What do all the
David’s or Mary’s have in common that
differentiate them from the Bob’s or Helen’s?)
Question
• Can you name one thing that is not
an example of a concept?
• …say eyebrow or wheelbarrow or love or
democracy or infinity or photosynthesis or
transportation or spaceship or addition or
factor or realism or history or teddy bear or
line or shape or triangle or media or …
Three Phases of Concept
Attainment
• PHASE I: Share the focus statement and
the data set
• Phase II: Share their hypotheses and their
thinking
• Phase III: Application of the learning
Three Types of Concepts
• Conjunctive - with common
attributes -- common juncture
• Dysjunctive - without common
attributes
• Relational - meaning comes out
of the context for comparison
Conjunctive and Not Conjunctive
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Chair
Car
Nose
Book
Planet
Cloud
Triangle
Rainbow
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Rough
Smooth
Smart
Long
Love
Democracy
Symbolism
Motivation
Relational and Not Relational
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Rough
Smooth
Smart
Long
Steep
Rich
Warm
Opposite
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Planet
Could
Triangle
Rainbow
Love
Democracy
Symbolism
Motivation
Dysjunctive and Not Dysjunctive
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Symbolism
Democracy
Effective
Motivating
Love (tricky)
‘Strike’ in baseball
Beautiful
Technology
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Planet
Could
Triangle
Rainbow
Computer
Home run (in baseball)
Sweet
Opaque
Focus on civil rights
1. In South Africa policy prohibited blacks from
living in areas designated as ‘white only’ areas.
2. In Canada, the First Nation People were denied
access to most ‘classy’ cafes.
3. In Germany, during WW Two, Jews were
required by law to have travel passes in order
to move about their community
4. In North America, it is not unusual to have all
white juries hear the case of a non-white
person.
civil rights continued
5. In Canada, during WW II, legislation was passed that
sent Japanese Canadians to special camps. They had
to leave behind virtually all their possessions. German
and Italian Canadians did not have to move to those
camps.
6. In some states in the United States, if a black killed a
white person they were always found guilty. If a white
killed a black, they were always found innocent.
7. In the United States, blacks were obliged by law to sit at
the back of the bus.
8. In England, three people were killed by a bomb planted
by the IRA
civil rights testers
A. In North America, immigrant children were teased on
B.
C.
D.
E.
the playground
As set out in legislation, in some states, and
countries, women are not allowed to terminate a
pregnancy.
In Canada, women did not have the right to vote.
In Malaysia, if your hair was longer than a certain
length (as shown by pictures in the banks) you would
not be served until everyone else in the bank was
served.
In Canada, we have created laws that support men
and women being paid the same wage if they do the
same job.
Data Set: Ways of Convincing
• The purpose of the test is to measure what
you know; cheating defeats the purpose of
the test. You should not cheat.
• Honesty is the best policy. Therefore
you should not cheat.
• Let’s get a kitten for Granny. Pets help
lower blood pressure in older people.
• Everyone in the family has gone to
college; you must go to college.
Data Set: Ways of Convincing
• Studies show that people manage money better
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as adults when they have had allowances as
children. I should get an allowance.
If you loved me you would give me an
allowance.
There are fewer fatal accidents since the speed
limit was reduced. The speed limit should stay
reduced.
The kitten has been abandoned. It’ll starve if
we don’t bring it inside.
Data Set: Ways of Convincing
• Butter is high in cholesterol. As a cardiac patient,
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you shouldn’t use it.
You have a moral obligation to take this staff
development course on AIDS. If you don’t,
parents will think you are irresponsible. You
should take this course.
College graduates have a higher average lifetime
income than non-graduates. You should go to
college if you want to earn more.
How can you eat meat? That is so sickening!
Yuck, would you eat your pet? You should be a
vegetarian.
Ways to Convince: Testers
• I’m voting for Joe Smith, he is so good
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looking and he seems like he would treat
people with respect.
Do unto others as you would have them do
unto you.
Buckle up for safety.
Buckle up, it is the law.
Buckle up, I’m not taking care of you if you
get injured.
Ways to Convince: Testers
• Life insurance will provide your family with
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support if you die.
Coke is it.
You Deserve a Break! (McDonalds)
Be true to yourself.
I’m voting for Jessica; she has integrity
and has worked as a city counselor
effectively for eight years.
What the ODD’s have in
common…
• They involve reasoning -- it deals with
principles and criteria of validity; it is
analytic, deductive.
• So with a partner, group the EVEN
examples and the TESTERS that are
EVEN into other ways of convincing
others.
Categories for Convincing
• Ethos - ethics, morality (Black & Blue Hat)
• Pathos - emotions feelings (Red Hat)
• Logos - logic facts (White Hat)
Comment: In a debate, you employ one or
more of these to argue pro or con an
issue.
Two Types of Concepts
Blumer, 1954
• Definitive (like conjunctive in Bruner’s)
 Means we have clarity - no confusion
(chair, truck)
• Sensitizing (like relational and dysjunctive
in Bruner’s)
 Means we have a lack of clarity and we work
at getting increasing clarity but usually never
really get absolute clarity (justice, love)
Two Ways to Present the Data Set
• Focused Gambling -- present one YES
and one NO example at a time
• Simultaneous Scanning -- the students
see all the data set at once
• Note: the more print, the more likely you
show one at a time -- especially for
younger kids.
Concept Attainment:
Focused Gambling
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Angry
Excited
Happy
Confused
Annoyed
Embarrassed
Trembling
Clenching fists
Laughing
Yelling
Daydreaming
Talking out
Testers (focused gambling)
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Hiding
Nail biting
Afraid
Relaxed
Relaxing
Upset stomach
Confident
Concept Attainment:
Simultaneous Scanning
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Precious junk
Gregarious hermit
Dangerous friend
Slowly raced
Openly camouflaged
Eternal instant
Naïve wisdom
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Valuable jewelry
Old man
Quickly ran
Beautiful butterfly
Closed door
Dangerous thoughts
Exquisite joy
Testers (simultaneous scanning)
• Boy that dog is pretty ugly.
• Joyful tears ran down the mother’s face as her
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daughter returned home from school.
The man bought one kilo of jumbo shrimp
Take the down escalator to the washroom.
As the verdict was read she silently yelled, why,
why, why.
Now that is an example of military intelligence.
Dichotomous Non Dichotmous
A
Nouns
Biotic
Addition
Simile
Socialism
Abstract
2D
B
Verbs
Abiotic
Subtraction
Metaphor
Capitalism
Realism
3D
A
B
Triangles
All other shapes
Cars
Trains, Buses etc
Democracy Other forms
SolidsLiquids & Gases
Translucent Opaque & Transp.
Teasing
Others forms of B
Chemical
Other types of
Change
Change
Why use Concept Attainment?
Knowledge as Design
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What is the structure of the concept?
What are model cases of the concept?
What is the purpose of the concept?
What is the value of the concept?
…David Perkins
Screwdrivers
· What is the structure of the concept?
· Handle, shaft, end that sticks into screws
· What are model cases of the concept?
· Phillips, Flat Head, Robertson
· What is the purpose of the concept?
· Put in screws
· What is the value of the concept?
· Mechanical advantage
Question
• How do wait time, framing
questions, think/pair/share, concept
attainment, safety, accountability,
active participation, Bloom’s
Taxonomy, Brain Research, etc.,
work together?
Questioning Factors
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Complexity of Thinking
Academic Engaged Time
Use of Wait Time
Responding to Student Responses
Knowledge of Results
Shifting from Covert to Overt
Fear of Failure
Public vs Private Failure
Distribution of Responses
Accountability and Level of Concern
Quic kTime™ and a
TIFF ( LZ W ) dec ompres s or
are needed to s ee t his pic ture.
Instruction …classified
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Instructional concepts
Instructional concepts that are skills
Instructional concepts that are tactics
Instructional concepts that are
strategies
• Instructional concepts that are
instructional organizers
Concept Attainment
• Concepts (only)
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Safe
Accountable
Novelty
Authentic
Motivation
Active Participation
• Skills
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Framing questions
Applying wait time
Suspending judgment
Discussing the purpose of
the lesson
• Responding to a ‘no’
response
Concept Attainment
• Organizers
• Others
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Multiple Intelligence
Gender
Ethnicity
Culture
Brain
Child Development
Learning Difficulties
At Risk Environment
Fish Bone Diagram
Word Web
Enthusiasm
TRIBES
PWIM
Community Circle
Lesson Design
Cooperative Learning
Critical Thinking
Concept Attainment
• Tactics
• Strategies
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Think Pair Share
Brainstorming
Venn Diagram
Flow Chart
Round Robin
3 Step Interview
PMI
Six Thinking Hats
Concept Attainment
5 Basic Elements
Mind Mapping
Concept Mapping
Jigsaw
Academic
Controversy
• Group Investigation
• Reading Recovery
Levels of Use of an Innovation
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Non-use
Orientation (searching out information)
Preparation
Mechanical (the implementation dip)
Routine (where student benefit starts)
Refined
Integrative
Refocus (search for new idea)
CBAM (Concerns Based Adoption Model)
• Levels of Use
• Levels of Concern
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Non-User
Orientation
Preparation
Mechanical
Routine
Refined
Integrative
No Concerns
Awareness
Information
Personal
Impact on Students
Collaborative
Parts of Speech can you see a
problem with the data set?
Dog
 Car
 Butterfly
 Window
 Teeth
 Dirt
 Water
 Book
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Run
 Fly
 Brush
 Go
 Eat
 Close
 Rock
 Slide
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Parts of speech data set
reworked:
He ran over to his grandmother’s house.
 The bird flew into the nest.
 She rode her bike with her friends.
 The book was easy to read.
 I think the slide in the park is broken.
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Does this data set work?
Capital Cities in Canada
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Victoria
Edmonton
Regina
Winnipeg
Charlottetown
Halifax
Quebec City
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Vancouver
Calgary
Saskatoon
Brandon
Montreal
Woodstock
Cranbrook
Capital Cities
• Victoria is a larger
city in B.C. It is on
the water and has an
average temperature
of 19 degrees
centigrade. It also
has the legislative
building for the
government of B.C.
• Vancouver is also a
large city. Like
Victoria it is also on
the water -- in
addition it has a
mountain range that
rise steeply from the
water increasing the
amount of rain.
Ridicule and Sarcasm
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What a jerk!
Hey metal mouth.
Four eyes, get a life.
You’re an idiot.
So dumbo, fail again.
You’ll never have friends.
That car is a pile of junk.
• Nice comment Einstein.
• Love the hair style.
• That comment will go
down in history.
• Whoa, Michael Jordan
will be searching you out!
• So who taught you to
play baseball?
• So, who dresses you?
Testers for Ridicule and Sarcasm
• There is no such thing as a right answer, but
if there was, that would be it.
• When they gave out brains, you thought
they said trains and you are a million miles
away.
• You have the mind of an ant.
• Bart simpson has nothing on you.
Does this data set work?
Mammals
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Dog
Elephant
Humans
Lions
Deer
Whales
Gophers
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Lizards
Snakes
Emus
Ants
Eagles
Sharks
Turtles
Does this data set work?
Elephants
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trunk
big ears
grey
very heavy
live in Africa
tough wrinkly skin
can do hard work
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beak
small ears
striped
light
lives in Canada
a lot of feathers
does not work at all
Algebra
• A man sells oranges in the market … let O stand for the
number of oranges.
• A women sells tennis balls … let X stand for the
number of tennis balls.
• A bus takes students to a stadium … let S stand for the
number of students.
• A restaurant serves 134 people on average each day …
let Y stand for the number of people.
• Jets crash on average … let C stand for the number of
crashes.
• Computer sales have doubled each month … let C
stand for yearly sales.
Quic kTime™ and a
TIFF ( LZW) dec ompres s or
are needed to s ee this pic ture.