Transcript The U.S. and Terrorism: The Path to 9/11 Mr. Bach United

Terrorism
The Long War
Is This Terror????
Organized
Crime?
Political
Assassination?
Is THIS Terror?
Gang
Violence?
War
Between
Nations?
WHAT IS TERRORISM????
• Threat or use
of violence
• For a Political
Purpose
• Targets
Civilians
• Manipulate
with fear
The Goals of Terror
• Politics
–Change the
current system
• End injustice
• New Order
• Society corrupt
Strategies
• Asymmetrical
• Create
impression of
being unsafe,
impotence of
government
• Media Events
Operations
• Low Cost
• Covert in
Nature
• Hit symbols of
the nation and
the home
Organizations
• Small Groups
–Cells
–Don’t know other
cells or their
superiors
• Usually have state
funding
Meet a Terrorist (Typical Traits of)
•
•
•
•
•
Male, single, 18-27
Low education
Low Income
Low Self-Esteem
Thinks has no control
over life
• Displacement of
problems
Their Handiwork…
Spain,
March
11, 04
London
Bali
Night
Club
Oct.
Beslan
Russia
Sept. 4,
2004
July 7,
2005
Wahhabism
Wahhabi
Students at a
Madrassa
• Uses Koran PLUS
Wahhab’s book Kitab
al-Tawhib
• Literal interpretation
• Puritanical in Faith,
against change in
worship
• All non-Wahhabi’s are
ENEMIES OF GOD
Meanwhile in Saudi Arabia…
• Saudi’s let US keep
troops in the “Holy
Land” during wars and
asks US to stay for
stability afterwards.
• Wahhabis & Bin Laden
angry over infidel troops
in land of Mohammed
Troubling Saudi Demographics
Why a Problem?
• ½ the 26.5 MM
Saudis in two cities
AND under 25!!!
• 1/3 unemployed
• In last 20 years, per
Capita GDP dropped
from $28.5K to
$6.8K
Why the Saudi People Are Angry
(and other Middle Easterners)
Oil… and Resentment
All Told, The Middle East Is a Relatively
Unstable Place Today.
The U.S. and Terrorism:
The Path to 9/11
The Persian Gulf War of 1991
• Cause: Iraqi Leader
Saddam Hussein
invades Kuwait
• Problem: Threatens
the control of the
Middle East’s Oil
Supply
Operation Desert Storm
• President George
H.W. Bush leads a
UN coalition to expel
Saddam for Kuwait
• The war lasts about
5 days and is a
complete US victory
Operation Desert
Storm
• Aug 1990 –Iraq
occupies Kuwait
–UN says leave
• Feb. 1991 – US led
coalition frees
Kuwait
Media images of destroyed
–Highway of Death
• Iraqi Shiites >: (
Iraqi retreat turn Western
stomachs, prevent West from
marching into Iraq… oops!!!
Postwar Plans
• Bush makes the
decision not to
remove Saddam
Hussein from power
• U.S. troops remain
based in Saudi
Arabia to patrol
“No-Fly Zones” over
Iraq
World Trade Center Bombing 1993
• Truck bomb in
parking garage kills
6 and wounds over a
thousand
• U.S. troops remain
based in Saudi
Arabia to patrol
“No-Fly Zones” over
Iraq
Ramzi Yousef
U.S. Intervention in Somalia
• In 1992, the U.S.
sends troops into
Somalia to protect
ethnic minorities and
alleviate the suffering
due to a famine
• U.S. troops get caught
in a Somali Civil War
involving Islamic
warlords
Black Hawk Down
• 18 U.S. troops are
killed in street
fighting by soldiers
loyal to Islamic
warlord Mohammed
Farah Aidid
• President Clinton
decides to withdraw
all U.S. troops from
Somalia
Oklahoma City Bombing - 1995
• 168 Americans are
killed in a truck
bomb blast
• Target is a federal
government building
• Worst act of
domestic terrorism
in American history
Timothy McVeigh
• Persian Gulf War
Veteran
• Revenge for
government action at
Waco, Texas and
against militia
groups
Embassy Bombings - 1998
• Hundreds of people
are killed in twin
bombings at the
American embassies in
Tanzania and Kenya
• Credit claimed by
Egyptian Islamic Jihad
• Osama bin Laden put
on the FBI’s 10 Most
Wanted List
Columbine - 1999
• Eric Harris and
Dylan Klebold kill 13
people at Columbine
High School in
Colorado and then
commit suicide
USS Cole - 2000
• Al-Qaeda launches a
suicide attack on the
U.S.S. Cole in a port
off Yemen.
• 17 sailors killed; 39
injured
September 11, 2001
• 2,995 people are killed
including 19 hijackers
• Worst attack on
American soil since
Pearl Harbor
American Resilience – “Let’s Roll”
Osama Bin Laden
• Saudi born wealthy
son of contractor
• Anger over US troops
in Saudi Arabia
• Fought Soviets in
Afghanistan
• Issues Fatwa to
declare war on US
The Wahhabi/Saudi Threat?
• Using Oil wealth,
Saudi’s have been
creating Wahhabi
schools globally…
• Bin Laden & Taliban
Wahhabis
• 15 of the 19 9/11
hijackers Saudi
Wahhabis
The Patriot Act
• Gives the NSA and FBI
greater ability to conduct
searches of phone,
computer and other
communications (to name
a few provisions) to fight
terrorism
• Department of Homeland
Security established.
Invasion of Afghanistan - 2001
• Target: Break-up the
Taliban government
that has been harboring
Al-Qaeda training
camps
• Osama bin Laden
escapes (most likely to
Pakistan)
The New Taliban Order
•
•
•
•
Public Executions
Beards & Burqas
Female Healthcare
Destroy nonMuslim history
• Morality Police
–“Allah hu aqbar”
at soccer games
The US Invades Afghanistan
• Strategic blunder
of Al Qaeda???
• Taliban forced into
mountains and Bin
Laden went into
hiding
Democracy and
Stability in
Afghanistan???
• Hamid Karzai
voted in as first
freely elected
leader
• Loya Jirga is the
parliament &
represents the
people
Invasion of Iraq - 2003
• Target: Remove Saddam
Hussein from power
because he is holding
WMDs
• Bush Doctrine: Preemptive war against
states sponsoring
terrorism
Back in Iraq - Gulf War II
• Post 9/11, Bush
vows to stop rogue
nations and
terrorism
• West thought
Hussein
developing a
bio/chem/nuclear
program, told to
allow inspectors.
The Iraq War Controversy
The War & Democracy?
• March, 2003, US &
allies invade Iraq. 28
days long
• Jan, 2005 – first fully
elected govn’t
• 2006-get constitution
• April 23, 2006- Jawad
al-Maliki elected as PM
A New Battlefield
TEENAGE DRUGGED UP
SUICIDE BOMBERS
• Fleeing Afghanistan,
Taliban moved into NW
Pakistan.
• Pakistan let Taliban
administer tribal
regions with Shariah
• Now at war as Taliban
extended
• PAKISTAN HAS
NUCLEAR WEAPONS!
The Pakistani
Taliban Goes
Global
93 WTC attacker
trained in Pakistan
9/11 conspirator
arrested in Pakistan
“Shoe Bomber”
trained in Pakistan
• Faisal Shahzad tried to
blow up car bomb in
NYC May 1, 2010
• Trained in and funded
from Pakistan…
• …is Yemen next?
The War on Terror Continues
“The Underwear Bomber”
Umar Farouk
Abdulmutallab
“The Times Square Bomber”
Faisal Shahzad
Bin LadenWanted Dead
or Alive!