THE HISTORY OF PREŠOV

Lucia Forintová Petra Očkovičová

Important historical facts

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4 th - 5 th Prešov century - arrival of Slavs on the territory of 1247 - The first written mention of Prešov 1299 - Prešov reached the city privileges from Ondrej III. 1412 - Prešov belongs to Pentapolitana (community of five royal cities) 1453 – The first blazon of Prešov 1667 – the important Evangelic Lutheran College of Eperjes was established by Lutherans in the town. 1687 - Caraffa's slaughterhouse - 24 townspeople were executed 18 th century - arrival of the Jews 1816 – Prešov became the seat of a Greek Catholic Bishopric

The origin of name

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According to legend: In 12 th century - Belo II. has been losted near the small village (to-day's Prešov). He was hungry, so he ate the strawberries – lots of them was growing near the village and he decided to name it after them – Eperies (hungarian "eper" = strawberry).

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The first mention of Prešov was in Belo's IV. document in 1247. In 1299 Prešov reached the city privileges from Ondrej III. and then it became a royal city.

Belo IV.

Ondrej III.

The blazon of Prešov

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Royal city Prešov had the blazon from the first half of 15 th century. Prešov had three blazons: Red and sliver blazon in gothic style with 3 roses.

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The first blazon was given in 1453 by Ladislav V. Pohrobok – it was used until half of 16 th century.

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The second one was given in 1548 by Ferdinand I. – it was used only for 10 years.

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The third brand new blazon was given in 1558 by Ferdinand I. – this one is used up to now.

Habitation

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Habitation in the area around Prešov dates to Paleolithic period. The oldest tools and mammoth bones are 28,000 years old and they were found near Del ň a . Other traces of the existence of a settlement are from the Bronze Age. There were found bronze objects, ceramics and also an iron knife and skewers. At the beginning of the 18th century, the population was decimated by fires and was reduced to a mere 2,000 inhabitants. In 1887 fire destroyed a large part of the town.

Development

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There are very valuable evidences of the existence of economic relations with the Romans – gold and silver Roman coins.

The town was recovered; crafts and trade improved, and new factories were built.

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In 1572, salt mining started in Solivar. In 1752 the salt mine in Solivar was flooded.

In 1870 the first railway was built, many institutions moved from Košice to Prešov.

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At the end of the 19th century, the town introduced electricity, telephone, telegraph and a sewage systems.

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In 1944, a professional Slovak Theatre was established in Prešov.

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