Transcript Document

Room of
Conflicts
Museum Entrance
War Room
Technology
Room
Leadership Room
Welcome to the Museum of
the 60’s Cold War
Curator’s
Offices
Kacey Haynes
Curator’s
Office
I am currently a sophomore at Clear Springs
High School. I am current a student in Mr.
Collins Pre-Ap World History class, studying
the Cold War. I created this museum to help
further my own knowledge about this subject
as well as my fellow class mates.
Contact me at
[email protected]
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Room of Conflicts
Room 5
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Technology Room
Room 2
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War Room
Room 3
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Leadership Room
Room 1
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Sino-Soviet Split Cartoon
The political split between the Soviet Union and
China began after Khrushchev opened talks
with the USA in pursuit of his policy of
“peaceful coexistence”. In 1960, Khrushchev
withdrew Soviet technical advisers from China.
This began splits in almost all the Communist
Parties across the capitalist world. Then Mao
openly criticized Khrushchev for backing down
during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and
Khrushchev responded that Mao's policies
would lead to nuclear war. By June 1963
communications had completely ceased
between the two parties. This is significant
because it caused a split in the communist
party that America wanted to end.
Luthi, Lorenz M., “Mao’s Challenges, 1958,” in The SinoSoviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World (Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008), 80-1.
Nikita Khrushchev and Mao Zedong with
hammer and sickle], 1960. Graphite, ink,
and opaque white over graphite
underdrawing. Published in the Washington
Post, June 24, 1960. Prints and Photographs
Division, Library of Congress (24.00.00).
LC-DIG-ppmsca-19977
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Exhibit
Video of the Cuban Missile Crisis
With Castro’s approval and great influence, the Soviet
Union began building secret missile bases in Cuba. On
President Kennedy was shown photographs of the missile
installations in Cuba and on October 22, 1962 President
Kennedy demanded the removal of the missiles already
there and the destruction of the sites and he created a
naval blockade of Cuba to stop the construction of the
missile sites. Khrushchev sent a letter to Kennedy
suggesting that the sites would be dismantled if the United
States gave its reassurance that it would not invade Cuba.
On October 28, Khrushchev announced that the sites
would be dismantled; as well as, the removal of light
bombers. Then the United States responded by
assurances that the United States not to invade Cuba.
This event showed just how high the tensions between
the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States
Castro Urges Nuclear Attack on America Video."
History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 22 Apr.
2014
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Fidel Castro Declares Nuclear
Annihilation of U.S.
Pieces of the Wall of Berlin
This artifact and the conflict that it caused all
began when Germany closes its borders on
July 25,1961. This event occurred just after
John F. Kennedy gave a speech a few days
before about how an attack on West Berlin
would be an attack on NATO. The speech
betrayed Khrushchev’s concern with the new
Kennedy government and the possibility of a
war beginning with confrontation in Berlin and
possibly ending in nuclear destruction. August
15, 1961 the Berlin Wall begins as a barbed
wire fence but then the next day it is replaced
with concrete bricks that go up 2 meters high.
The building of the Berlin Wall caused America
to stress and closed off connection in West
Berlin. This caused the tension during the Cold
War to increase.
Berlin Wall for Sale - Buy Pieces of the Berlin Wall..
N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
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Exhibit
TET Offensive Honor Medals
.
"The Tet Offensive 1968." The Tet Offensive 1968. N.p., 8 Aug. 2011. Web. 22 Aprr2014
The Tet Offensive Honor Medals are a sign of
the 58,000 American soldiers were killed
because of the Viatnam Tet Offensive and just
how big of a loss this was to the Americans.
The Tet Offensive began when North Vietnam
started attacking major towns and cities in
South Vietnam in 1968. This was a major
turning point of the Vietnam War and America
then realized that this war was going to be a
struggle. Even though in the end the Americans
came out with a victory, this “military conflict”
can be considered a loss for the Americans
because they did not succeed in stopping the
spread of communism which was the whole
point of the Cold War.
Woods, Alan. “The Tet Offensive: the turning point in the
Vietnam War — Part One.” The Defense of Maxism. 01
January 2008. 21 May 2008 .
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Space Race Timeline
The space race was the superpower
competition in space exploration technology
and also the Cold War competition in arms
developments. Coming on the heels of the
Soviet Union’s hydrogen bomb tests, Sputnik
shocked the American public. USSR continued
its lead in space exploration with the first
person in space, cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin who
orbited earth in Vostok 1, then Allan Shepard
became the first American in space. Soon after,
President Kennedy he succeeded with the
Apollo 11 Mission to the Moon that landed the
1st person on the moon and. This is significant
because it improved the space technology all
around the world and also shows the great
competition that occurred between the Soviet
Union and the US during the Cold War.
“Apollo: Expanding Our Knowledge of the Solar System.”
NASA. 03 Dec 2007. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. 2 Jun 2008
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1st Man on the Moon Picture
Apollo 11's mission was to land two men on the
moon. They also had to come back to Earth
safely. Apollo 11 blasted off on July 16, 1969.
Neil Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and
Michael Collins were the astronauts on Apollo
11. On July 20, 1969, Armstrong and Aldrin
landed on the moon. They landed on the moon
in the Eagle. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong
became the first human to step on the moon.
They put a U.S. flag on the moon. They also
left a sign on the moon. On July 24, 1969, all
three astronauts came back to Earth safely.
President Kennedy's wish came true. The
artifact was a picture of the first man on the
moon.
"Celebration of the First Moon-Walk and The Moon Landing Book
List - Jump Into A Book." Jump Into A Book. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
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Exhibit
China’s1st Atomic Bomb
In July 1960 Chairman Mao Zedong called on
Chinese scientists to rely on their own efforts and
develop China's atomic bomb within eight years,
after the Soviet Union took back the aid the had
first given to the development of China’s nuclear
technology. Later on October 16, 1964, China
successfully exploded its first atomic bomb. On the
same day, the Chinese government made a
solemn promise to the world that it developed
nuclear weapons only for the purpose of selfdefense and safeguarding national security. China
would never at any time or under any
circumstances be the first to use nuclear weapons.
This made them the fifth nuclear power in the
world.
"China to Open Bomb Site to Tours." BBC News. Arin
Johnson. 25 June. 2009. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
click here for your
own mind blowing
experience
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Exhibit
Yuri Gagarin Frame and Coin Set
Yuri Gagarin was the first human in space as well
as the first man to orbit the Earth making a 108minute orbital flight in his Vostok 1 spacecraft on
April 12, 1961. This artifact is significant because
it includes a picture of the USSR cosmonaut and
also a one-ruble coin that contains metal from
pieces of the former Soviet spacecraft. The flight
of Vostok I significant because it ignited what
was to become known as the Space Race,
between the Soviet Union and the United States.
Yuri Gagarin by astronautix.comYuri Gagarin Cosmonaut
Training Centre:Russia Remembers Space Hero: from
BBC.co.uk
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LIFE Magazine about the Bay of Pigs
My artifact is a magazine from 1963 about the
effects of the Bay of Pigs on not only the
Americans but also the Cuban refugees. In
March 1960, President Dwight D. Eisenhower
ordered the CIA to train and arm a force of
Cuban exiles for an armed attack on Cuba this
was later used by John F. Kennedy when he
became president. The Bay of Pigs invasion
began, on April 17, 1961, when this group of
Cuban refugees landed in Cuba at the Bay of
Pigs with the hope of destroying the communist
government lead by Fidel Castro, but the
advance was a failure that cost the US greatly..
This also is significant because this caused
Cuba to become closer to the Soviet Union
with both of their hatred for the United States
and most importantly the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Kennedy, M. David, Lizabeth Cohen and Thomas A. Bailey, The American
Pageant. 13th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006. Print.
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‘Sudden Sqqual’ by R.G. Smith, NAVY ART
This painting is of the Gulf of Tonkin Battle that
ultimately began the Vietnam War. On August
2, 1964, North Vietnamese torpedo boats
attacked USS Maddox in the first naval
engagement of the war. Two days later, the
Maddox and another destroyer reported that
they were again under attack. Johnson
proceeded quickly to authorize retaliatory air
strikes against North Vietnam. Two days later
on August 7, 1964 , Congress passed the
Tonkin Gulf Resolution giving President
Johnson authority to take military action in
Southeast Asia, this gave congressional
approval for expansion of the Vietnam War.
This battle that began the war is signifacant
because it shows how willing the US was to
fight for the idea of ending communism during
the Cold War and also it increased the hostility
of the US toward the communist Vietnam.
The Reader’s Companion to American History. Eric Foner and John A. Garraty,
Editors. Copyright © 1991 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
Naval Historical Foundation 1306 Dahlgren Avenue, SE Washington Navy Yard
Washington, DC 20374-5055
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Pieces of the U-2 Incident
A piece of Gary Powers' aircraft on display to
the right. It was given to the museum by the
Armed Forces Museum in Moscow where the
plane's wreckage is exhibited. On May 1, 1960,
while flying a CIA reconnaissance mission in a
U-2 reconnaissance aircraft, Gary Powers was
shot down over the Soviet Union. Although he
parachuted to safety, Powers and his plane
wreckage were captured. Soviet Premier Nikita
Khrushchev accused the United States of
spying. The international turmoil resulted in the
cancellation of a summit meeting scheduled
between President Eisenhower and the
premier.The significance of this incident was
that it increased the tension between the two
countries at the height of the Cold War.
"'U-2 Incident” National Cryptologic Museum. NASA,
20 Jan. 2009. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
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Abrams M1 Battle Tank(named after Creighton Abrams)
The artifact seen to the right is an Abrams M1
battle tank is named after Major General
Creighton Abrams, 3rd Armored Division
Commander from 1960-62. Then on June 1st,
1967 Abrams was appointed Deputy
Commander of U.S. Military Assistance
Command, Vietnam and was responsible for
overseeing the U.S. advisory effort with the
Vietnamese Armed Forces (RVNAF). Thirteen
months later, following the Tet Offensive and
General Westmoreland’s promotion to Army
Chief of Staff, he became Commander of
MACV. Abrams continued to rise in the ranks
and was best known for skillfully presiding over
America’s withdrawl from Vietnam.
"Lyndon B. Johnson." History.com. A&E Television Networks, Web.
22 Apr. 2014.
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Lyndon Johnson’s Slogan Button
This artifact is important because it represent the man
that could be blamed for much of the losses that
occurred during the Vietnam War. After taking over as
chief executive following the assassination of President
John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson promised to continue
his predecessor’s policies in international affairs which
was a very hard task that he couldn't in the end
achieve. Johnson’s foreign policy, of anti-communism,
remains best known for his handling of the Vietnam
War and had a great affect on the stress of The Cold
War. Throughout his presidency, he did the minimum
possible to ensure that South Vietnam did not become
a Communist state. Unfortunately for the President, the
“minimum possible” grew to dangerous extremes-U.S.
troop totals, from 16,000 to 532,000 during Johnson's
Presidency. Johnson’s policies brought the United
States no closer to victory in Vietnam, and even in a
worse place in the Cold War alttogether.
Kunz, Diane, ed., The Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade:
American Foreign Relations during the 1960s (New York:
Columbia University Press, 1994). "
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Exhibit
Fidel Castro’s Potriat
This artifact is a potriat of the Cuban leader
Fidel Castro, who established the first
communist state in the Western Hemisphere
after leading an overthrow of the military
dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in 1959 during
1962. He ruled over Cuba for nearly five
decades during that time, Castro’s regime was
successful in reducing illiteracy, stamping out
racism and improving public health care, but he
stifled all economic and political freedoms.
Castro’s Cuba also had a highly antagonistic
relationship with the United States–most
notably resulting in the Bay of Pigs invasion
and the Cuban Missile Crisis during the Cold
War.
"Fidel Castro." History.com. A&E Television Networks, Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
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Exhibit
Lincoln Continental Limousine
. On the 22 of November 1963 John F Kennedy
was assassinated at the Dallas' Dealey Plaza
while riding the artifact seen to the right. This car
is a four door Lincoln Continental limousine.
Before Kennedys death he did many important
things.On November 8,1960 John F Kennedy beat
out Nixon and was elected to be the President of
the United States. During his presidency Kennedy
gave many inspirational speeches to get his the
American people to be more active in his country.
An example of this is when he said, "Ask not what
your country can do for you--ask what you can do
for your country“. He is well known for the
following things, including the negotiation of the
Cuban Missile Crisis, the Bay of Pigs and also the
initiation of the Alliance for Progress
Press, Julie Hinds Detroit Free. "JFK's Limo an Enduring Symbol of
Dark Day." USA Today. Gannett, 20 Nov. 2013. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.
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