Transcript NHCE - 易尔思校园MOOCs系统——沈阳农业大学

Contents
Lead - in
A
Pre-reading
B
Text Study
C
Summary
D
Writing
E
Lead - in
1. Interactive Mode I
2. Interactive Mode II
3. Interactive Mode III
4. Interactive Mode IV
预习
课文
小结
写作
预习
Lead - in
课文
小结
Our today’s topic is “The Friend”.
There is nothing special about it, since
our life is never short of friends, who
may be either around us or far away
from us but who usually know as well
about us as about themselves.
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Mode I
Mode II
Mode III
Mode IV
写作
Back
Interactive Mode I
Tips
预习
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小结
写作
Key Words: … introduce an old friend of
However, have you ever thought of
yours …interview you both about your
making friends with a person whom
unique friendship … have something to
you
have
never
met
but
found
greatly
say … make something clear ... not quite
challenging
to you
inhe
life?
let’s me
it ...
told me how
great
wasNow
... made
listenattotimes
a dialogue
try to
getofas
angry
... guessand
it was
kind
much
from
it as more
possible.
good
forinformation
me … excited
to hear
…
learn what he has to say
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Interactive Mode I
预习
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Q. 1 What information can we get from the dialogue?
Tips
1) The two friends did not know each other,
or, to be more exact, …
2) But they indeed had been old friends
with one another, because …
3) Sometimes, both got angry at the
mention of the other one, but …
4) …
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Interactive Mode II
预习
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Q. 2 How did two unknown friends form such a
challenge to each other then?
Tips
1) There was a person, like a relative, who
made contrasts between both, so as to …;
2) There were some similarities between
both. For example, …
3) Both were willing to answer the challenge
from the other one, although …
4) …
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Interactive Mode III
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Q. 3 What would the comparisons result in then?
Tips
1) One or both would be driven into a
corner or even breakup, for …
2) Both would be pushed to make more
effort in studies or careers, as …
3) Both would be forced to be hostile to
each other, because …
4) …
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Interactive Mode IV
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Back
Q. 4 What would happen to both once they meet?
Tips
1) Both would be surprised to find out the
truth, because …
2) Both would be ready to let off their anger on
the other one, for …
3) Both would become aware how much such
comparisons had done to shape their life,
since …
4) …
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Mode I
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Mode IV
The Birth of the Text
Unknown to
each other, two
peers shared one
relative who told
both how great
the other was.
When they met,
they realized
what the
challenges
meant to them.
Contributor I
Contributor II
Contributor III
Contributor IV
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Annoying as they
were, the
challenges from
each other
pushed both to
work harder.
Impressed with
his own unique
experience, the
author had an
urge to write it
out.
Pre-reading
1
Background Information
2
Watch and Discuss
3
New Words
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小结
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Background Information
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Robert Taylor: (A)
Robert Taylor was an
American actor who was born
in 1911 and died in1969. He
made his first film appearance
in 1934. Early in his career, he
was known as “the man with
the perfect profile”. One of his first major films
was Camille (1936), playing opposite Greta
Garbo. Strikingly handsome with wavy black
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Background Information
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课文
Robert Taylor : (B)
hair and blue eyes he was an
instant heart-throb from his
first film appearance. In later
life, he made many television
appearances, notably in the
1959 series, The Detectives
Starring Robert Taylor.
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Background Information
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Winston Churchill: (A)
Winston Churchill (1874–
1965) was born on 30th
November, 1874. He was
educated at Harrow and
Sandhurst. After a brief but
eventful career in the army, he
became a Conservative Member of Parliament in
1900. He held many high posts in Liberal and
Conservative governments during the first three
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Winston Churchill : (B)
decades of the 20th century. At
the outbreak of the Second
World War, he was appointed
First Lord of the Admiralty—
a post which he had earlier
held from 1911 to 1915. In
May, 1940, he became Prime Minister and
Minister of Defense and remained in office until
1945. He took over the premiership again in the
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Winston Churchill : (C)
Conservative victory of 1951
and resigned in 1955.
However, he remained a
Member of Parliament until
the general election of 1964,
when he did not seek
reelection.
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Watch & Discuss
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Directions:
Watch the video and then discuss the topics as follows:
1. What’s your definition of ideal
friendship?
Key
2. How to establish an ideal friendship
with people around?
Key
Video watching
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背景知识
生词学习
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Friends
Scripts
视频文件放在这个白
色的框内，不要超出
去。也不要遮挡框的
白边。
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背景知识
生词学习
New Words
handicap
authority
misdoing
drawback
invariably
clarity
expertly
cruise
practically
slam
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Back
n.
n.
n.
n.
ad.
n.
ad.
vi.
ad.
1. [C] 障碍; 不利条件 2. [C] 残疾;缺陷
v.
1. 使劲打；猛击 2. 把……砰地关上
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1. [U] 权力; 权威; 威信 2.当局; 官方
[C]错事；失误
[C]缺点；不足
总是；始终
[U]清晰；清楚；易懂
熟练地
1. 轻松做到 2. 乘船巡游
几乎；差不多
背景知识
视频讨论
New Words
n.
vt./n.
n.
n.
n.
n.
n.
n.
vt.
a.
percentage
dread
intensity
craft
rocket
spacecraft
extension
altitude
harness
solar
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[C, U] 百分比；百分率
害怕; 担心 / [sing. U] 害怕; 畏惧
强烈；强度
1. [C,U] 技巧 2. [C] 手工艺
[C] 火箭
[C] 太空船；宇宙飞船
[C] 扩展；发展
[C] 海拔高度
治理；利用
太阳的
背景知识
视频讨论
Back
New Words
n.
n.
n.
n.
v.
a.
n.
v.
n.
vt.
orbit
bureau
gulf
streak
stammer
dynamic
universe
broaden
suicide
impose
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[C] 轨道
[C] 局；司；署
海湾
1. [C] (a ~ of)一系列 2. [C] 个性；特征
口吃；结结巴巴地说
充满活力的；精力充沛的
[C]宇宙；世界
(使) 变宽；(使) 扩大
[C,U] 自杀
强加于
背景知识
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a.
imposing
n.
specimen
a.
undersized
n.
tension
be free with
take to
cruise through
给人印象深刻的；壮观的
by word of mouth
口头上
keep sb. up to date with sth.
使某人知道有关某事的最新消息
dawn on / upon
开始明白；醒悟
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1. [C] 某一类人 2. [C] 标本；样本
小于一般尺寸的；偏小的
1.[C,U] 紧张关系/局势 2.[U] 紧张;焦虑
慷慨使用
喜欢上
（比赛中）轻松取胜
背景知识
视频讨论
New Words
to the memory of
John Bullyer
Carrie
Gloucestershire
Persian Gulf
Caroline Lacey
Robert Taylor
Churchill
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纪念（某人）
约翰 布雷尔(人名)
●
卡丽(人名)
(英国) 格洛斯特郡
波斯湾
卡罗琳 莱西 （人名）
●
罗伯特 泰勒(1911－1969,美国演员)
●
丘吉尔(指 Winston Churchill,
1874-1965, 英国前首相)
背景知识
视频讨论
Text Study
1
Topic-centered Analysis of Text
2
Detailed Reading of Text
3
Abridgement of Text
导入
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Topic-centered Analysis of Text
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Back
How would you deal with the topic as its writer?
The author dealt with it by employing the major
writing technique — comparison and contrast. To
achieve a desired effect, the writer began with the
background for comparisons by telling about the
similarities between the two boys. Then
comparisons and contrasts were made through the
line of time sequence. And eventually he revealed
the truth of all this. So the text can be divided into
four parts, as shown in the block diagram below:
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结构分析
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Topic-centered Analysis of Text
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The Challenging Friend I Didn’t Know
Main Idea
Main Idea
Background
Comparisons
?
Truth of All
Writing
Technique
(W.T.)
?
Conclusion
Structure
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Text Analyzing and Reading
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The Challenging Friend I Didn’t Know
Para 1 John Bullyer and I met for the first
time when we were both in our early sixties,
but it is true to say that he did more to shape
my life than any other person, and is largely
responsible for the shyness which has been a
handicap to me. 句型
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Para 2 Aunt Carrie was my favorite relative, as
well as my favorite authority figure. She was
always free with smiles, words of praise, and
excuses for misdoings. For me she had but one
drawback: She was also aunt to John Bullyer,
the son of her sister who lived in Gloucestershire. She invariably referred to him as “LittleJohn-my-other- nephew” all in one word, and
she referred to him far too often.
Structural Analysis?
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Para 3 Probably hundreds of comparisons were
made before I became aware of them. The first
that I remember with any clarity was that LittleJohn-Aunt-Carrie’s-other- nephew had started
school on the same day as I did and had taken to
it like a duck to water. My first day, on the other
hand, was disastrous. 句型
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Para 4 And so it went on. Incredible boy, he
advanced quickly in mathematics; he was
dealing expertly with advanced math, just
cruising through, while I was practically
slamming my head against a wall trying to learn
percentages. 句型 I began to dread Aunt Carrie’s
visits, because she was always comparing the
two of us.
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Para 5 Time went on; so did the comparisons. 句型
By word of mouth during the holidays, by
phrases that leaped out of letters during term
time, I was kept up to date with John’s progress.
Thus challenged, I began at last to look round for
something that I could do well. When I
discovered that I could write well, I worked with
intensity at my craft, minding nothing else. Let
this be mine, John Bullyer could have all the rest.
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Para 6 The stories that I invented were mostly
technological and science fiction in nature. They
told of rockets and spacecraft, things that would
take men high up into the sky. After some
analysis of my personality, I realized that my
stories were an extension of my own desires to
rise to higher and higher altitudes, until I was
above John Bullyer. 句型
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结构分析
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Text Analyzing and Reading
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Para 7a Three or four times during the next
forty years I saw mention of John Bullyer in the
press. He was doing mathematical work that
supported big, scientific projects. It was not the
kind of career to attract much publicity, but
occasional paragraphs in newspapers charted a
steady success until he retired. On that occasion
there was a half column about him;
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Para 7b it said that his last job was the
harnessing of solar power for a satellite put into
orbit. He was working for a government bureau
in a country in the Persian Gulf. I was, by that
time, successful in my own line, having written a
streak of 30 best-sellers without a single failure.
Structural Analysis?
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Para 8 Late that year, in November, I was in a club,
sipping a glass of wine before dinner. A cough made
me look round. I saw a short, fat man with a little
nose that looked too small to support the
framework of his heavy glasses. With more than a
suggestion of discomfort, he spoke my name and I,
somewhat reluctantly, admitted my identity. Since I
attained some measures of fame I have on occasion
been approached by strangers. Whatever they say,
I am always horribly embarrassed.
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Para 9 “You d-don’t know m-me,” said the little
man, stammering. “My name’s John B-Bullyer. We
sh-shared an aunt, C-Caroline Lacey. I used to hear
so much about you,” he said with a smile. “You see...
I grew up with the idea that you were at least eight
feet tall, handsome, dynamic, and more able than
anyone in the universe.” His smile broadened.
“Really,” he said, “the letters Aunt Carrie used to
write about you almost drove me to suicide. I grew
to hate the sound of your name at times.”
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Para 10 “Those letters were probably nothing,”
I said, surprised to meet this man after so many
years of having heard of him, “compared to the
letters your mother used to write about you. I
was told every time you got a sum right. I
always thought of you as an imposing specimen
of a man—nine feet high, better looking than
Robert Taylor and wiser than Churchill. So
they played the game both ways, did they?”
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Para 11 “But it was worse for me,” he said.
“I’ve always been undersized, and I always had
these.” He touched his glasses. “And there you
were, tall and handsome. And so clever too. I had
to do something; and all I could ever do was
sums, and nearly killed myself at games in an
effort to be liked by others. I might almost say,”
he said, with something like resentment, “that
because of you I’ve been doing sums all my life!
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Para 12 “Substitute writing stories for doing
sums and you have exactly my story,” I said.
Structural Analysis?
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Para 13a We looked at each other with
identical expressions. Then it probably
dawned on us both that the place in
which we sat is not the place of men who
have been failures in life, and that for
boys, being what they are, an occasional
push is not such a bad thing.
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Para 13b Together we lifted our glasses,
and the tensions between us went away.
And though neither of us spoke, I know
we drank to the memory of our Aunt
Carrie.
Structural Analysis?
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Abridgement of Text
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Now that we become more familiar with
the organization of the text, as shown in the
block diagram, what can we derive from the
text in order to abridge it into a threeparagraph essay, and what can we also do
with the refined language points if supposed
to write a composition on other topics?
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The Challenging Friend I Didn’t Know
Para. 1 It is true to say that John Bullyer,
though not known to me until in my early
sixties, did more to shape my life than any
other person. All this resulted from our shared
and favorite relative, Aunt Carrie, who, free
with words of praise, made constant as well as
clever comparisons between her nephews.
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Para. 2 The first that I remember with any clarity
was that John Bullyer had started school on the
same day as I did and had taken to it like a duck
to water. My first day, on the other hand, was
disastrous. As time went on, so did the
comparisons. Incredible boy, he dealt expertly
with advanced math, just cruising through, while
I practically slammed my head against a wall
trying to learn percentages. Thus challenged, I
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began at last to look round and found I could
write well. Then I worked with intensity at my
craft, minding nothing else, so as to be better
than him at this. Three or four times during the
next forty years I saw mention of John Bullyer in
the press, but occasional paragraphs in it charted
a steady success until he retired. I was, by that
time, successful in my own line, having written a
streak of 30 best-sellers without a single failure.
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结构分析
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Abridgement of Text
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Para. 3 Late that year, we met for the first time.
Much to our surprise, neither of us looked like
what Aunt Carrie had written about us, because
in John Bullyer’s memory I had been tall,
handsome, dynamic, and more able than
anyone in the universe whereas his image in
mine was an imposing specimen of a man—nine
feet high, better looking than Rober Taylor, and
wiser than Churchill. At first, both of us
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told of how angry we had got at the mention
of the other one. But soon we realized that
Aunt Carrie played the game both ways. And
moreover, it dawned on us that for boys, being
what they are, an occasional push is not such
a bad thing.
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Summary
English Equivalents of Chinese
Summary
Creative Application of Typical Expressions
Further Application of Typical Patterns
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1. 宽容别人的失误 excuses for misdoings
to have but one drawback
to become aware of sth.
2. 只有一个缺点
3. 意识到某事
4. 清楚地
with any clarity
to deal expertly with math
to slam one’s head against a wall
5. 做数学轻而易举
6. 跌跌撞撞
7. 置其它一切于脑后 to mind nothing else
8.看到报上对某人的报道 to see mention of sb. in the press
9. 一连／一阵…… a streak of
10. 无一失败
without a single failure
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短语活用
句型应用
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Summary
11. 偶尔
12. 一个光辉典范
13. 拼命做某事
14. 用A代替B
15.无论某人现在什么样
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on occasion
an imposing specimen of a man
to kill oneself at sth.
to substitute A for B
being what sb. is
短语活用
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Summary
1. 对······慷慨：
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to be free with
2. 像鸭子入水般容易： like a duck to water
3. 口头上:
by / through word of mouth
4. 使某人知道某事的 to keep sb. up to date with sth.
最新消息:
5. 在自己研究范围内:
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in one’s own line
短语互译
句型应用
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Summary
对
······
慷慨:
满足现状会使人停滞不
对
······满意:
前。
知
识
链
接
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to be generous with
to be content with
to be patient with
对······耐心:
Back
活 学 活 用
意 群 提 示
Being content with what you are will
what one is / prevent one from moving on
prevent you from moving on.
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Summary
毫无影响
:
邻居家的男孩常受到
父母责骂，可责骂犹
目瞪口呆；垂头丧气:
如鸭子背上的水一样，
毫无作用。
(乐意接受)那还用问?
知
识
链
接
活 学 活 用
Back
预习
课文
写作
Back
like water off a duck’s back
like a duck in a thunderstorm
Will a duck swim?
意 群 提 示
My neighbor’s boy is often scolded by his
be scolded by sb.
parents, but it is like water off a duck’s back.
随
笔
短语互译
句型应用
导入
Summary
说实在话:
说实在话，我从未感受
说到做到
:
过大爱会有如此大的威
知
识
链
接
预习
课文
写作
Back
upon my word
to suit the action to the word
to keep (break) one’s word
力。
守(失)信:
Back
活 学 活 用
意 群 提 示
Upon my word, I have never felt such a
feel such a great power of boundless love
great power of boundless love.
随
笔
短语互译
句型应用
导入
Summary
使
······与······同阶
要想使你的能力与他
使
······与······同一水
的一样，还得历练上
知
识
链
接
平
几年。
使某人与他人友好:
课文
写作
• to keep sb. / sth. on a
par with …
• to keep sb. / sth. on a
level with …
• to keep sb. on good
terms with others
Back
活 学 活 用
预习
意 群 提 示
To keep your ability on a par with his, you
to be tempered / for a few extra years
have to be tempered for a few extra years.
随
笔
短语互译
句型应用
Back
导入
Summary
与
······取得一致:
他的想法尽管不切实际，
但给了我们很大的启发。
与
······一致:
知
识
链
接
预习
课文
写作
to come into line with…
to be in line with…
to be out of line with…
与······不一致:
Back
活 学 活 用
意 群 提 示
His ideas, though out of line with reality,
be out of line with reality / inspire sb.
inspired us a lot.
随
Back
笔
短语互译
句型应用
导入
Summary
1. 用于表述“某人的心
预习
课文
写作
Back
It is true to say that ….
里话”。
2. 用于强调“人/物之间 Sth. / Sb. do / be …. Sth. /
的反差对比”。
3. 用于表述“某人事
后的醒悟”。
随
笔
Sb. else, on the other hand,
do / be ….
It dawns on sb. that ....
短语互译
短语活用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
导入
预习
课文
写作
说实话，心静悟远。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
It is true to say that a tranquil mind helps
a tranquil mind / one’s insight / reach far
one’s insight reach far.
随
笔
短语互译
短语活用
Back
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
导入
预习
课文
写作
Back
积极思维会使不可能变
为可能，而消极思维会
使希望化为泡影。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
Positive thinking may get the impossible
positive (negative) thinking / get the
possible. Negative thinking, on the other hand,
impossible possible / come to nothing
may let hope come to nothing.
随
笔
短语互译
短语活用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
导入
预习
课文
写作
阵痛之余，她明白了，
人的幸福递增不是从享
乐到享乐，而是从希望
到希望。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
It dawned upon her, after recovery from the
fitafter
of pain,
that the
rise
infit
one’s
happiness
is
recovery
from
the
of pain
/ the rise
not
to comfort, but from hope
in from
one’s comfort
happiness
to hope.
随
笔
短语互译
短语活用
Back
Writing
Writing
写作模式
写作实践
导入
预习
课文
小结
导入
Writing Pattern
in comparison
/ contrast to
Object A
预习
课文
小结
Object B
For more
随
笔
写作实践
Back
Writing Pattern
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
[Example 1from the Text]
(Paras. 3 and 4)
Probably hundreds of comparisons were
made before I became aware of them. The first
that I remember with any clarity was that LittleJohn-Aunt- Carrie’s- other-nephew had started
school on the same day as I did and had taken to
it like a duck to water. My first day, on the other
hand, was disastrous.
随
笔
写作实践
Writing Pattern
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
And so it went on. Incredible boy, he
advanced quickly in mathematics; he was dealing
expertly with advanced math, just cruising
through, while I was practically slamming my
head against a wall trying to learn percentages. I
began to dread Aunt Carrie’s visits, because she
was always comparing the two of us.
随
笔
写作实践
Writing Pattern
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
Probably hundreds of comparisons were made.
John Bullyer
had taken to
school just
like a duck to
water.
My first day,
on the other
hand, was
disastrous.
in comparison
/ contrast to
随
笔
写作实践
Writing Pattern
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
Probably hundreds of comparisons were made.
John Bullyer
was dealing
expertly with
advanced
math, just
cruising
through.
I was
practically
slamming my
head against a
wall trying to
learn
percentages.
in comparison
/ contrast to
随
笔
写作实践
Writing Pattern
导入
预习
课文
小结
[Example 2] Now have a look at Paragraph 7 to
find out how comparison and contrast are made
late in their lives and fill in the chart below.
Three or four times during the next forty
years I saw mention of John Bullyer in the
press. He was doing mathematical work that
supported big, scientific projects. It was not
the kind of career to attract much publicity,
随
笔
写作实践
Back
Writing Pattern
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
but occasional paragraphs in newspapers
charted a steady success until he retired. On
that occasion there was a half column about him;
it said that his last job was the harnessing of
solar power for a satellite put into orbit. He was
working for a government bureau in a country
in the Persian Gulf. I was, by that time,
successful in my own line, having written a
streak of 30 bestsellers without a single failure.
随
笔
写作实践
Writing Pattern
Bullyer was doing
mathematical work
that supported big,
scientific projects.
Occasional paras. in
papers ____________
charted his
____________.
steady
success When
he retired, a report
said that his last job
was the
_______________
harnessing of
__________________
solar power for a
__________________.
satellite
put into orbit
随
笔
导入
in
contrast
to
预习
课文
小结
Back
I was, by that time,
________________
successful in my
________________
own line, having
________________
written a streak
________________
of 30 bestsellers
________________
without a single
_______.
failure
写作实践
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
B. 写作实践
Directions: Have a look at the outline and the
sample composition that has been written in the
structure of comparison and contrast.
随
笔
写作模式
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
Topic:
Old age in China and in the US
Comparison and contrast:
In China:
● look after
grandchildren
● live with children
● honored and
respected
随
笔
In the US:
● live independently
● live in nursery
homes
● involved in some
activities
写作模式
Back
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
[Sample Composition]
Old Age in China and in the US
Old age means different in different cultures or
countries. In China, for example, when people are
retired they spend time looking after their
grandchildren. When they are too old to live
alone, they live with their children. When people
reach this time in life, the attitudes of their family
and their community change toward them. They
随
笔
写作模式
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
show them more love and respect. In the US,
however, it is a different picture. Most old people
live more independently after their retirement.
They prefer not to live with their children.
Instead, they live in nursery homes when they are
too old to live alone. When they were young they
saved money for their retired life. They would go
traveling or involve themselves in some activities
to keep themselves busy.
随
笔
写作模式
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
[Writing Assignment]
Directions: Write a composition of no less than 120
words on one of the following topics, making use of
comparison and contrast. One topic has been given
a detailed outline that you can follow.
Topic:
Shopping today and in the past
随
笔
写作模式
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
Comparison and contrast:
Today:
In the past:
● shopping inconvenient
● goods diversified
● limited variety of goods
● nice shopping
environment, enjoyable
● shopping online
● time-consuming
More topics:
● The Spring Festival and Christmas
● News media: newspaper and TV
随
笔
写作模式
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
[参考范文]
Shopping Today and in the Past
Shopping has changed in recent years. Going
shopping took time and strength in the past. If
you were to buy food, household items and
clothing, you had to visit different shops.
Sometimes they were not within walking distance.
You had to take a bus to go from one place to
another. It was not unusual that shopping would
随
笔
写作模式
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
take you a whole day and at the time you
returned home, you’d be completely exhausted.
In contrast, shopping nowadays has become
something enjoyable. A lot of supermarkets, in
which prices are usually lower and a wider
variety of items are offered—mainly food,
household items, clothing, bedding and furniture
or even anything that is out of your imagination.
So you can buy everything you need in a single
随
笔
写作模式
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
supermarket. Most of the supermarkets operate
on the “serve yourself” method: You go in, pick
up a basket, walk round it and choose what you
want. At the exit there is a checkout lane where
you pay for everything at one time.
随
笔
写作模式
End
新视野
大学英语
未曾谋面的劲敌朋友
Para. 1 我和约翰•布雷尔初次见面时，我俩
都已60出头了，不过，较之别人，他对我的
人生影响最大却是事实，并且我害羞的毛病
也主要归咎于他。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 2 卡丽舅妈是我最喜欢的亲戚，也是
我最喜欢的权威人物。她总是一脸笑容，满
口赞美之词，随时宽容他人的失误。对我而
言，她只有一个缺点，即她也是约翰•布雷尔
的姨妈。约翰是她住在格洛斯特郡的妹妹的
儿子。卡里舅妈总是称他“我的另一个外甥
小约翰”，而且总是提起他。
新视野
Para. 3
大学英语
在我意识到之前，我与小约翰
可能已被比较了无数次了。我能清除记
得的第一次，是卡丽舅妈的另一个外甥
小约翰与我同一天上学，而且他喜欢上
学就像鸭子喜欢水，而我的第一天却是
灾难性的。
新视野
Para. 4
大学英语
而且灾难持续不断。他是个令人
难以置信的孩子，学数学长进很快，解高
等数学题轻而易举。而我几乎总是跌跌撞
撞，连学百分数都很费力。于是我开始害
怕卡丽舅妈来访，因为她老是比较我们俩。
新视野
Para. 5
大学英语
时间在继续，我们之间的比较也在继
续。通过放假时大人们的谈论，上学时大人之
间的通信，我总能随时了解约翰的进步。在这
样的挑战下，我终于开始寻找我最擅长的事情。
当我发现我擅长写作时，我就用心地提高我的
写作水平，置其他一切于脑后。我只要写作，
让约翰去拥有所有其他的吧。
新视野
Para. 6
大学英语
我创作的故事，多半与科技相关，
本质上是科幻小说。都是关于火箭、航天飞
机，诸如此类把人送上天的东西。对自己的
性格作了点分析后，我认识到我的这些故事
就是自己愿望的延伸，我想愈升愈高，直至
超过约翰•布雷尔。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 7a 在以后的40年里，有三四次我在报
上读到约翰•布雷尔的消息。他当时在做支持
大型科学项目的数学研究工作。这种职业不太
会招来多少公众注意，但偶然见诸报端的报道
却描绘了他一步步成功故事的，直到退休。另
有一次，有一半专栏报道了他，
新视野
大学英语
Para. 7b 报道说, 他最后的工作是将太
阳能用于将卫星送入轨道。他在波斯海
湾某国为一个政府部门工作。而那时，
我也在自己的行业获得了成功，写了30
本畅销小说，其中无一失败之作。
新视野
Para. 8
大学英语
后来，那一年的11月，我正在一家俱乐
部喝酒，等着吃饭。一声咳嗽令我转头张望。我
看见一个矮矮胖胖的人，小小的鼻子看上去难以
支撑沉重的眼镜框架。他叫了我的名字，显然不
太自在，而我也不情愿地说是我。自从我有了点
名气后，偶尔也有陌生人向我打招呼。然后无论
他们说什么，我总是感到十分窘迫。”。
新视野
Para. 9
大学英语
“你—不—不—认识—我—我，” 这个
矮小男人结结巴巴地说。“我叫约翰•布—布雷尔。
我们都—都有一个亲戚，卡—卡罗琳•莱西。我过
去常常听她提起你，” 他笑着说。“你知道……
我一直以为，你至少8英尺高，很英俊，生气勃勃，
比世界上任何人都能干。” 说着话，他的笑容扩
散开来。“真的，” 他说，“卡丽姨妈写的那些
关于你的信，弄得我几乎要自杀了。渐渐地，我
就不愿听到你的名字了。”
新视野
Para. 10
大学英语
听说他那么多年之后突然见到他我
有点吃惊。“与你母亲过去常写的关于你的
信相比，”我说，“那些信算不了什么。每
次信都告诉我你的计算题做得对。我总是把
你想成一位光辉典范，9英尺高，比罗伯特•
泰勒英俊，比邱吉尔聪明。所以，那些信是
互相夸奖对方的，对不对？”
新视野
大学英语
Para. 11 “对我来说更糟糕，” 他说。“我一
向是小个子，过去总是戴着这东西。” 他摸了
摸自己的眼镜。“而你呢，魁梧，英俊，还很聪
明。我总得做点什么，而我能做的就是计算。我
拼命取悦于他人，我几乎可以说，” 他似乎有
点怨恨地说，“就是因为你，我做了一辈子的算
术！”
新视野
大学英语
Para. 12 “把算术换成写作，你就知道我
的情形了，” 我说。
新视野
Para. 13a
大学英语
我俩相对而视，脸上挂着相同的
表情。也许，我俩都明白了，我们坐着的这
个地方，并不是人生失败的人出没的地方，
对于男孩子来说，无论他们现在什么样，偶
尔的鞭策并非一件坏事。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 13b 我们都推了推自己的眼镜，
两人之间的对抗情绪荡然无存。虽然都
没说话，但我知道，我们在举杯纪念我
们的卡丽舅（姨）妈。
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
······, 不过，较之别人，他对我的人生影响最
大却是事实，并且我害羞的毛病也主要归咎于
他。
原 句 译 文
Back
逆 译 练 习
…, but it is true to say that he did more to
shape my life than any other person, and is
largely responsible for the shyness which
has been a handicap to me.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
It is true to say that … 说实话，······
产 生 式 提 炼
Back
应 用 提 示
用于表述“某人的心里话”。
产生式应用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
说实话, 有几次
失败, 成功更显
珍贵。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
It is true to say that success needs failures to
make sth. more precious
make it more precious.
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
••••••, 卡丽舅妈的另一个外甥小约翰与我同一天
上学，而且他喜欢上学就像鸭子喜欢水，而我的
第一天却是灾难性的。
原 句 译 文
Back
逆 译 练 习
…Little-John-Aunt-Carrie’s-other-nephew
had started school on the same day as I did
and had taken to it like a duck to water. My
first day, on the other hand, was disastrous.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
Sth. / Sb. do / be …. Sth. / Sb. else, on the
other hand, do / be ….某人／物·····，而另
一人／物·····
产 生 式 提 炼
Back
应 用 提 示
用于强调“人／物之间的反差对比”。
产生式应用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
他学业的进步似乎预示着他
正稳步走向成功，而她考试
的一次次失败使她正渐渐失
去信心。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
one’s steps of progress in studies / chart a
His steps of progress in studies charted a
steady road to success / one failure after
steady road to success. One failure after the
the
next
in
one’s
exams
/
put
one
on
the
next in her exams, on the other hand, put her
losstoofloss
confidence
onway
the to
way
of confidence.
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
他是个令人难以置信的孩子，学数学长进很快，
解答高等数学题轻而易举。而我几乎总是跌跌撞
撞，连学百分数都很费力。
原 句 译 文
Back
逆 译 练 习
Incredible boy, he advanced quickly in
mathematics; he was dealing expertly with
advanced math, just cruising through, while I
was practically slamming my head against a
wall trying to learn percentages.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
Sb. deal / cope expertly with sth., just
cruising through, while sb. else slam their
heads against walls trying to do sth. / sth.
else.…某人做某事轻而易举。而他人却跌跌撞撞，
连做······都很费力
产 生 式 提 炼
Back
应 用 提 示
用于表述“人与人之间在某方面的能力反差”。
产生式应用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
在一个充满谎言的社会环
境里，不诚信者办事轻而
易举。而诚信者却跌跌撞
撞，连谋生都很费力。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
In a social environment filled with lies, the
in a social
environment
filled
with
sth. / just
dishonest
cope
expertly with
their
affairs,
one’s affairs
/ make
a living
cruising
through,
while
the honest slam their
heads against walls trying to make a living.
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
时间在继续，我们之间的比较也在继续。
原 句 译 文
Back
逆 译 练 习
Time went on; so did the comparisons.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
(As) Sth. go / move on; so do sth. else. 某事在
继续，另一事也在继续。
产 生 式 提 炼
Back
应 用 提 示
用于表述“两种事物发生或发展的共时性
与相似性”。
产生式应用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
余震在继续，兑现
我们对灾民的爱的
承诺也在继续。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
Aftershocks
so did our commitment
aftershocks went
/ one’son;
commitment
to sth. / the
to
the love for the people
disaster-stricken people.
disaster-stricken
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
对自己的性格作了点分析后，我认识到我的这些
故事就是自己愿望的延伸，我想愈升愈高，直至
超过约翰•布雷尔。
原 句 译 文
Back
逆 译 练 习
After some analysis of my personality, I
realized that my stories were an extension of
my own desires to rise to higher and higher
altitudes, until I was above John Bullyer.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
After some analysis / thought / study of sth,
sb. realize that ... 对······进行了一些分析/思考/
研究后，某人认识到······ (下划线词可替换)
产 生 式 提 炼
Back
应 用 提 示
用于表述“某人对事物的理性认识”。
产生式应用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
对前期大学生活作了
认真分析后，她认识
到，勤的确能补拙。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
After a deep analysis of what had happened to
what happens to sth. / be a remedy for
her college life, she realized that diligence
slowness in learning
indeed was a remedy for slowness in learning.
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
也许，我俩都明白了，我们坐着的这个地方，并不
是人生失败的人出没的地方，对于男孩子来说，无
论他们现在什么样，偶尔的鞭策并非一件坏事。
原 句 译 文
Back
逆 译 练 习
Then it probably dawned on us both that the
place in which we sat is not the place of men
who have been failures in life, and that for
boys, being what they are, an occasional push
is not such a bad thing.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
It dawns (up)on sb. that …某人明白了······
产 生 式 提 炼
Back
应 用 提 示
用于表述“某人事后的醒悟”。
产生式应用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
大灾之后，中国人渐渐地
明白，对于一个民族，无
论她现在如何，适应在逆
境中生存未必是件坏事。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
In the aftermath of the great disaster, it
in the aftermath of / being what sb. be /
dawned gradually upon the Chinese people
adjustment
to survival
under
adversity
that,
for a nation,
being what
she
is,
adjustment to survival under adversity may
not be a bad thing.
新视野 － 短 语 活 用
为了自信心的增强,
对
······慷慨:
你不要吝啬良性心
短
语
逆
译
to be free with
理暗示。
短 语 应 用
Back
意 群 提 示
for one’s
confidence to
to build
build up,
up /you
good
For
your confidence
need to
psychological
tip psychological tips.
be
free with good
新视野 － 短 语 活 用
人学坏容易，重新
像鸭子入水一般容易:
做人难。
短 语 应 用
短
语
逆
译
Back
like a duck (takes)
to water
意 群 提 示
One
to /vice
a duck
water
but
taketakes
to vice
turnlike
over
a newtoleaf
/ without
can’t
over a new leaf without great
greatturn
effort
effort.
新视野 － 短 语 活 用
中国许多非物质文
化，虽是口头传承，
口头上:
却闪耀着祖先的智
慧之光。
短 语 应 用
短
语
逆
译
Back
by / through word
of mouth
意 群 提 示
Much
muchofofChinese
Chinesenonmaterial
nonmaterialculture,
culture though
/
inherited
andpass
passed
by word
mouth,of
inherit and
on /on
shine
with /ofwisdom
still
shines
with the wisdom of our ancestors.
one’s
ancestors
新视野 － 短 语 活 用
作为现实主义作家，
使某人知道某事的最
他使自己始终谙悉社
新消息:
会生活的最新潮流。
短 语 应 用
短
语
逆
译
Back
to keep sb. up to
date with sth.
意 群 提 示
Realist
realist writer,
writer /hekeep
keptoneself
himself
upup
toto
date
date
with
with
the
sth.flow
/ theofflow
social
of life.
social life.
新视野 － 短 语 活 用
在一个健康社会，用
用心做某事:
心做事的人应获得更
短
语
逆
译
to work with
intensity at sth.
多的成功机会。
短 语 应 用
Back
意 群 提 示
In a society of health, more room for success
in
a
society
of
health
/
one’s
own
business
/
should be given to those who work with
more
room
for
success
intensity at their own businesses.
新视野 － 短 语 活 用
他说，“大爱的由来，
我虽不太明了，但大
在自己研究范围内:
多与民族命运密切相
关。”
短 语 应 用
短
语
逆
译
Back
in one’s own line
意 群 提 示
“The
originofofboundless
boundlesslove
love,”
said,
the origin
/ behenot
much in
“though
notline
much
my own
much
one’s own
/ lieinmuch
withline,
/ thelies
fate
of a
with
the fate of a nation.”
nation
新视野 － 短 语 活 用
他为自己的失职向受
显然/明显:
害者家长道歉，但他
短
语
逆
译
明显不情愿。
短 语 应 用
Back
with more than a
suggestion of
意 群 提 示
With
more
than
a suggestion
reluctance,
failure
to do
one’s
duty / the of
parents
of thehe
apologized
to the parents
of the
for the
victim / apologize
to sb. for
sth.victim
/ reluctance
failure to do his duty.
新视野 － 短 语 活 用
有那么一种人，刚
有了一些名气 :
取得一点成绩就翘
短
语
逆
译
尾巴。
短 语 应 用
Back
to attain some
measure of fame
(importance /
social status /…)
意 群 提 示
There is a kind of person who, on attaining
tend to be cocky / on attaining some
some measure of achievement, tends to be
measure of achievement
cocky.
新视野 － 短 语 活 用
在和谐社会里，任何
按规矩办事／光明正大:
人不按规矩办事，就
短
语
逆
译
to play the game
会被人所不齿。
短 语 应 用
Back
意 群 提 示
Inina asociety
play
societyofofharmony,
harmonywhoever
/ be helddoesn’t
in
the
game is held in contempt.
contempt
新视野 － 短 语 活 用
新歌手带着一丝腼腆
登上舞台，但她的第
带着一点儿······:
短
语
逆
译
with something
like …
一首歌却震惊四座。
短 语 应 用
Back
意 群 提 示
With something like shyness, the new singer
with something like shyness / go on the stage
went on the stage, but her first song
/ electrify all present
electrified all present.
Interactive Mode I
Back
W:
just
minute,
an old
W: In
How
doa you
knowwe’ll
himintroduce
then?
friend
yours,members
and I’ll interview
you
both
M: Myoffamily
always told
me
about your unique friendship. But first, do
how great he was. It really made me angry
you have something to say?
at times. But I guess it was kind of good for
M: I’d like to make something clear. The
me too, because it caused me to work
man isn’t my friend, well, not really.
harder
harder.
W:
You and
mean
you don’t like him?
W: No.
I’m That’s
excitednot
to hear
bring
M:
quitemore!
it. I’veLet’s
never
met
him out here and learn what he has to say!
him.
For more
Interactive Mode I
Back
them
angry
times, but
meanwhile
they
From
the at
prologue
to this
interview,
wefelt
it was that
kindthe
of good
for them.
whateach
the
know
two friends
didFrom
not know
interviewee
said
as well
as from
the title
of the
other,
or, to be
more
exact,
they had
never
text,one
we can
easily
guess
anger
met
another
yet.
Butthat
theytheir
indeed
had
resulted
fromwith
the other
one’s because
challenge,
which
been
friends
each other,
their
in turnmembers
pushed them
on. told
But,how
howgreat
did all
family
always
thethis
get into
effect?
Now really
let’s come
the next
other
one
was. That
madetoboth
of
question.
For more
Interactive Mode II
Back
For suchbetween
a challenge
totwo.
go into
similarities
them
Foreffect,
example,
theremay
must
contributors.
they
bebe
of some
the same
age, fromFirst,
the same
there must
be a person,
family
background,
or inlike
the family
same field of
members
stated
the interview,
who to
study.
Andas
above
all,inboth
must be willing
made vivid
comparisons
both,
answer
the challenge
frombetween
the other
one,so
as to keepthey
them
informed
of how
the
although
may
get angry
at thegreat
mention
other
one was.
there
must be some
of
the other
oneSecond,
from time
to time.
For more
Interactive Mode III
Back
Such
comparisons,
though
sometimes
little
chance
for one peer
to overtake
the
liable
to something,
drive one orfor
both
to breakup,
other in
example,
one is so
inspired
to push
their
unwillingthem
to give
in as ahead
to lookwith
round
for
studies
or pursuits,
because
is thehave
nature
something
else, in which
oneitcould
an
of
human
beings
respond
active
edge
on the
other.toThat
may with
be applicable
action
the challenges
from their
rivals,
to mosttopeers
whose ambition
for future
especially
their
peers.
If there
is life.
serves as afrom
prime
mover
behind
their
For more
Interactive Mode IV
Back
other
Judging
one, for
by they
common
had been
sense,driven
they would
almost
be surprised
to breakup
to findinout
order
what
to they
keepsaw
level
with
with the
their
other
ownone.
eyesAnd
was finally
a far cry
they
from
would
realize
what they
that,had
forbeen
them,
told
such
about
a real
the other
challenge
one, because
hadtheir
donego-betweens
a great benefit
played
to their
the
struggle
game both
towards
ways. new
Bothpeaks
wouldofalso
excellence
be
in
ready
life. to pour all their anger upon the
For more
Watch & Discuss
Back
Friendship
may
be
many
things
to many
English
No wonder
maythat
arouse
the best
your
way
friend’s
of knowing
curiosity.
a
people.
from
my
anglebyofis
view,
person
And most
isBut,
through
of
all, judging
friendship
his
a company.
fruit of
friendship
indicator
of shared
taste for
concerted
Besides,and
itis isan
consistent
also
a symbol
quest
offor
appealing
such
to
life. As
antolerance,
old
Chinese
saying goes,
things
virtues
each
other.
as
If much
in
considerateness,
common
holds
sacrifice,
both of
a kind
come
together
whereas
people
a
and
together,
timely
the
concern
most
special
with
each
thing
other
about
in of
either
mindcan
fallserve
intoRichard
the
same
group.
Thisone.
canit,
also
adversity.
then
As
to attract
Graves
the other
once
put
Your
a
be confirmed
in
remarksshould
that be
friend
friend’s
inedge
needin
is math,
aAddison’s
friend
forindeed.
instance,
great
souls
turn to
byyou,
instinct
toyour
eachlead
other.
of
great
interest
while
in
For more
Watch & Discuss
Back
level put
together.
mostrelatives,
of all, it but
must
be
once
it, fateAnd
makes
choice
An ideal friendship, in its real sense, is
sustained
through
good exercise
of also
suchbe
makes
friends.
In addition,
it must
established through three steps of great
virtues
faithfulness
built
onas
thesincerity,
mutual attraction
inand
relation to
effort.
It
must
be
based
on
the
common
readiness
to help.
As William
Penn
once
such
aspects
as knowledge,
skill,
wisdom,
ground
between
both,
ranging
from
the
pointed out, agood
truetastes
friendfor
talks
turkey,etc.
competence,
anything,
same
hobbits
to
corporate
will
and
shared
advices
justly,
assists
readily,
adventures
You should grow better at what your friend
ambition,
without
which
both
even stand
boldly,
patiently,
defends
is
experttakes
in;
inallother
words,
friends
should
little chance
acquaintance.
as Delile
courageously,
and
continues
aJust
friend
dawn
on eachofother’s
edges and
raise
the
unchangeable.
For more
新视野
结 构 分 析
导入
预习
小结
写作
Back
The Challenging Friend I Didn’t Know
Main Idea
Background
Comparisons
Truth of All
Conclusion
W. T.
All of this was
made
Deduction:
(Para.
2) possible
General by
their same Aunt
relative,
Auntwas
Carrie,
statement:
Carrie
my
who, freerelative
with words
of praise,figure.
favorite
and authority
pushed the
onwith
by referring
Details:
Sheauthor
was free
smiles, to
his peer,
Bullyer,
far toofor
often,
words
of John
praise,
and excuses
i.e. by comparing
thedrawback
two of them.
misdoings.
Her only
was
that she was also aunt to John
Bullyer, which served as the common
ground for their comparisons.
新视野
结 构 分 析
导入
预习
小结
写作
Back
The Challenging Friend I Didn’t Know
Main Idea
Background
Comparisons
Truth of All
Conclusion
W. T.
Comparisons and contrasts were made
Typical
forlives.
comparisons:
through expressions
stages of their
In school, …
John
had started
on the same but
day
John dealt
expertlyschool
with mathematics,
as
did and
had
taken
to itwith
like a duck
theI writer
even
had
trouble
to
water. Myafter
first graduation,
day, on the John
otherwent
hand,
percentages;
on todisastrous.
do well in math
whereas
writer
was
(Para.
3); … the
he was
worked with
intensity
the craft math,
of
dealing
expertly
withat
advanced
writing,
eagerthrough,
to rise above
John;
and, as
just
cruising
while
I was
a result, John’s
successmy
washead
reported
in a
practically
slamming
against
the press
while
the writer
was successful
wall
trying
to learn
percentages.
(Para.
in his own line, with 30 bestsellers
4)
published.
新视野
结 构 分 析
导入
预习
小结
写作
Back
The Challenging Friend I Didn’t Know
Main Idea
Background
Comparisons
When they met for the first time in a club,
both at once realized what had happened
to their lives. The real reason why both
thought of the other one as more dynamic
and cleverer was the game their Aunt
Carrie played both ways to spur them on.
Truth of All
Conclusion
W. T.
The device of space and time: Late that
year, in November, I was in a club, … A
cough made me look round. … (Refer to
Para. 8)
The style of dialogue: Refer to Paras. 9-12
新视野
结 构 分 析
导入
预习
小结
写作
Back
The Challenging Friend I Didn’t Know
Main Idea
Background
Comparisons
Truth of All
Conclusion
W. T.
It dawned upon both of them that Aunt
Carrie’s well-intentioned comparisons
between them were a good push behind
their success in life. That was why they
drank in honor of their Aunt Carrie in the
end.
Induction: (Para. 13) Known facts: 1) We
looked at each other with identical
expressions. 2) Then it dawned upon us
both that …, and 3) that …. 4) We lifted
our glasses. General conclusion: We drank
to the memory of their Aunt Carrie.
Watch & Discuss
Oh,
don't
let
them
To
He
When
begins
you
you're
to
again
blow
down and troubled
I'llsee
come
a-runnin'
Chorus
Chorus
Here's
And
you
what
:: need
you
some
do baby
love and care
To see
you
again
Winter,
spring,
summer
fall right
Winter,
Keep
And
nothin',
your
spring,
head
nosummer
together
nothin' or
isorgoin'
fall
Chorus
Allyou
you
have
todo
dois
isand
call
All
And
Just
call
close
have
my
your
name
to
eyes
out
call
loud
think of me
Ain't it good to know
AndI'll
I'llbe
beyou'll
there,
yes me
Ito
And
And
soon
soon
I'll
there,
be hear
there
yeah
Iwill
will
brighten up
That you've got a friend
You'veeven
gotataayour
freind,
yes you
do
You've
Knockin'
Yeah,
got
your
friend
darkest
door
night
People
can
be
so
cold
You've
got
a
freind,
yes
you do
When
Oh
Youyes
just
the
I will,
call
skyout
yes
above
my
I will
you
name
They'll
hurt
you
and
you
Right
till
theand
end,
forname
you
Grows
You
And
just
you
dark
call
know,
out
wherever
full
my
ofdesert
clouds
I am
Andcome
take
your
if youIlet
Ain't
it good
tosoul
know
And
And
I'll
that
you
know,
old
a-runnin'
north
wherever
wind
amthem
For more
Back