Transcript Leishmaniasis

Lab(3)
Practical Parasites
The second stage
Assistant Lecturer
Muna Hashim
2014
Live in blood and tissues for the human and animals ,The
trypanosoma four shape :1.(Amastigote) Leishmania form
Rounded shape , absence of free flagellum , kinetoplast is small
arise from inside short flagellum .
Kinetoplast
Nucleus
Flagella
Blepharoplast
Kinetoplast
Nucleus
2.(Promastigote )Leptomondia form
Long body ,emerge of forefront body free flagellum arise of
blepharoplast , has no undulating membrane ,central nucleus ,
kinetoplast in anterior end .
Flagella
Blepharoplast
Undulating
membrane
Kinetoplast
Nucleus
3.(Epimastigote) crithidial form:-Longer than previous, central
nucleus in front of kinetoplast ,short undulating membrane .
4. (trypomastigote ) trypanosomal form:Spindle shape, central
nucleus , kinetoplast behind nucleus , undulating membrane is
extend on long the body ,emerge like free flagellum in anterior
end
There are three Types of Trypanosoma
Genus and species
1.Trypanosoma gambiense
2. Trypanosoma rhodesiense
3. Trypanosoma cruzi.
Vector
disease
Tsetse flies from Gambian trypanosomiasis
or centeral African
genus
sleeping sickness
Glossina
palpalis
Glossina
morsitans
Reduviid bug
Rhodesiantrypanosomiasi
s
or East African sleeping
sickness
Chaga's disease
Trypanosoma gambiense
or
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
Hosts :1. Human is final host but Tsetse fly is reservoir
host in Trypanosoma gambiense and
Trypanosoma rhodesiense .
2. In Trypanosoma cruzi pigs is final host but
Cats ,dogs and reduviid bug are reservoir host .
Reduviid bug
tse tse fly
Location in Definitive host :1. Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma
rhodesiense in human blood , lymph nodes,
central nervous system and spinal fluid.
2.In Trypanosoma cruzi in human blood and spleen.
Infective Stage:-Trypomastigote shape
Mode of transmission : The disease is mostly transmitted through the bite of an
infected tsetse fly in Trypanosoma gambiense and
Trypanosoma rhodesiense , reduviid in Trypanosoma
cruzi
 Mother-to-child infection: the trypanosome can cross
the placenta and infect the fetus.
 Accidental infections have occurred in laboratories due
to pricks from contaminated needles.
Laboratory Diagnosis
 Direct microscopy
1. Identify Trypomastigote shape in blood smear , Lymph nodes
,bone marrow and spinal fluid in Trypanosoma gambiense and
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
2. Identify Trypomastigote shape in blood smear or biopsy of
spleen in Trypanosoma cruzi .
 Serological test .
Leishmania
Leishmania has two shapes
1.Amastigote (Leishmania) form :- found in final host infect
the Liver ,Spleen ,bone marrow ,lymph nodes and
Macrophage.
Amastigote from biopsy of
macrophages(Leishman
stain)
2.Leptomonad(Promastigote ) form:- found in
mid gut and Salivary gland for the infective
Sand fly or in culture media.
Promastigote culture from
There are three types of Leishmania
Genus
disease
1. Leishmania donovani
Visceral leishmaniasis or
Kala-azar or Black fever
2. Leishmania tropica
Cutaneous leishmaniasis or
oriental sor or Baghdad boil
or Delhi boil
3. Leishmania
braziliensis
Muco-cutaneous
leishmaniasis or American
leishmaniasis
Infective stage :- Promastigote shape
Hosts:-
human , dogs and rodents are final hosts .
 female Sand fly genus phlebtomus papatsi
is intermediate host.
Sand fly
Laboratory diagnosis:-
 1. Examination the samples of tissues on the margin of ulcer
for seeing the promastigote shape in
Leishmania tropica .
2.In Leishmania donovani doing the biopsy by the bone
marrow , liver , spleen and lymph nodes .
 Immunological Diagnosis : ELISA & Polymerize chain
reaction (PCR)
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Visceral Leishmaniasis
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
Thank you