Transcript ARE SYMPTOMS NOTICEABLE?

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Can foods be addicting?
How to Magnetize a Baby
Blass EM. Devel Psychol 2001;37:762-74.
University of Massachusetts at Amherst
Sugar
Sugar → opiate release → ↑ dopamine
Sugar
• Reduces crying in healthy newborns
• Reduces visible reaction to heel-stick
and circumcision
• Has no effect in infants of opiateaddicted mothers
Smith BA. Devel Psychol 1990;26:731-7.
Blass EM. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 1994;59:1-96.
Is Sugar a Problem?
Calories
Sugar, 1 teaspoon
Chocolate chip
cookies (2)
Soda, 20 ounces
Twizzlers (2.5 oz.)
15
90
250
263
Soda Serving Sizes
20-ounce bottles
16-ounce bottles
12-ounce cans
6-ounce bottles
Coca-Cola (20 oz.)
• 68 grams sugar + 78 mg caffeine
• 250 calories
Pennington, Bowes and Church's Food Values of Portions Commonly
Used (Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998)
Coca-Cola
“Caffeine is not addictive.”
From the Coca-Cola Web site:
www2.coca-cola.com/contactus/myths_rumors/ingredients_addictive.html
accessed February 15, 2005
Spot the Addicting Food
Say “Cheeeeeese!”
Casomorphins
Opiates that form as casein (milk protein)
is digested.
Casomorphins
From ß-casein:
ß-casomorphin-7
Try-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile
ß-casomorphin 5 (bovine)
Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly
ß-casomorphin 5 (human)
Tyr-Pro-Phe-Val-Glu
Morphiceptin
Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-NH2
From as1-casein:
a-Casein exorphin
Shah NP. Br J Nutr 2000;84(suppl 1):S3-S10.
Teschemacher H. J Dairy Res 1986;53:135-8.
Arg-Gly-Phe-Gin-Asn-Ala
Cheese (2 oz.)
Brie
Cheddar
Feta
Goat
Mozzarella
Swiss
Calories
Fat (grams)
190
228
150
206
160
214
16
19
12
17
12
16
Pennington, Bowes and Church's Food Values of Portions Commonly
Used (Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998)
Cholesterol (per ounce)
Brie
Cheddar
Feta
Roast sirloin
Chicken breast (whole)
Chicken breast (skinless)
Beans, grains
Vegetables, fruits
Cholesterol
28
30
25
25
24
20
0
0
Pennington, Bowes and Church's Food Values of Portions Commonly
Used (Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998)
Dairy Products
Arthritis
Migraine
Digestive Problems
Milk and Prostate Cancer
Ganmaa D, Li X, Wang J, Qin L, Wang P, Sato A. Int J Cancer 2002:98,262-267.
Physicians’ Health Study (Harvard)
20,885
physicians
≥ 2.5
servings/day of
dairy products
34% increased
risk
of prostate cancer
Relative risk: 1.34 (1.04-1.71)
Chan JM. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:549-54.
Health Professionals Follow-up Study
(Harvard)
47,781 health
professionals
> 2 servings/day
of milk
60% increased
risk
of prostate cancer
• Relative risk for advanced cancer: 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.1)
• 83% of milk consumed was skim or lowfat
Giovannucci E. Cancer Res 1998;58:442-7.
Milk Raises Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I
• Men and women aged 55 to 85 years
• 3 8-oz servings of milk for 12 weeks
Serum IGF-I
10% (P<.001)
Heaney RP. J Am Dietetic Asso 1999;99:1228-33.
The U.S. Government at Work
Wendy’s “Cheddar Lover’s Bacon Cheeseburger”
promotion sold:
• 2.25 million pounds of cheese
• 380 tons of fat
• 1.2 tons of pure cholesterol
USDA Report to Congress on the Dairy Promotion Programs, 2000
The U.S. Government at Work
• Wendy’s “Cheddar Lover’s Bacon Cheeseburger”
• Subway’s “Chicken Cordon Bleu,” “Honey Pepper Melt”
• Pizza Hut’s “Ultimate Cheese Pizza”
• Burger King, Taco Bell
USDA Report to Congress on the Dairy Promotion
Programs, 2000
Dick Cooper, Vice President of Cheese Marketing, Dairy Management, Inc., at the
“Cheese Forum,” December 5, 2000.
USDA Report to Congress on the Dairy Promotion Programs, 2000
“Would you give up meat for a week for
$1,000?”
1,244 adults, surveyed April 2000
Answered “No”:
White Americans:
24%
Black Americans:
29%
Asian Americans:
< 10%
Hispanic Americans:
< 10%
Opiate Blockade Cuts Meat Appetite
Ham ↓ 10%
Salami ↓ 25%
Tuna ↓ ~ 50%
Yeomans MR, Wright P, Macleod HA, Critchley JAJH. Effects of nalmefene on
feeding in humans. Psychopharmacology 1990;100:426-32.
Benefits of Meatless Diets
• Reverse heart disease
• Lose ~ 10% of body weight
• ↓ cancer risk by ~ 40%
• ↓ blood pressure
• Improve or reverse diabetes
• ↓ risk of Alzheimer’s disease?
Top 10 Rationalizations
7. You’ve got to die of something.
8. I’m a blood type O, so I have to eat meat.
9. Diet advice is always changing. Just eat
what you want.
10. My grandfather smoked, drank, and ate all
the wrong things and lived to be 90.
Top 10 Rationalizations
4. The stress of denying yourself is worse
than “giving in.”
5. Healthy eating is time-consuming.
6. Healthy eating is expensive.
Top 10 Rationalizations
1. There are no bad foods, only bad diets.
2. All foods can fit. Everything in moderation.
3. I can exercise these extra calories off.
Care-Givers’ Rationalizations
“We have to follow people’s tastes.”
“We have to stick to people’s cultures.”
“We need more research before we can
say anything.”
“My patients would rather just pop a pill.”
Breaking Free
Avoid temptation and triggering circumstances.
Ask family and friends for support.
Online Information and Support
PCRM.org
NutritionMD.org
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine 5100
Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 400
Washington, DC 20016
202-686-2210
Thank you.