Transcript Slide 1

Teens’ Use of Indoor Tanning
Joni A. Mayer, PhD, Professor
Graduate School of Public Health
San Diego State University
Presented at the meeting of the National Council on Skin
Cancer Prevention, November 7, 2008, Washington, D.C.
Why study indoor tanning among
teens?
•
Using indoor tanning early in life
increases melanoma risk by 75%
•
U.S. older teen girls are using indoor
tanning at high rates—up to 40%
World Health Organization
•
Ban those under 18 years old from
commercial indoor tanning….
Sinclair, C. Artificial tanning sunbeds: risks and guidance. WHO,
2003.
Correlates of Indoor Tanning in Youth
Individual and
Sociocultural Level
Environmental Level
Availability of Facilities
Adolescent
Characteristics
Phone
Interviews
(N=6,125)
Facility Count
+ Locations/GIS
Parent
Characteristics
Quantification
Of
Policy
Level
Stringency
State
Legislation
Quantification
Of
Stringency
Local
Enforcement
Procedures
Confederate Phone
Calls
(N=3,399)
ADOLESCENT USE OF
INDOOR TANNING
Facility
Compliance
Results from generalized linear
mixed effects models
Mayer, J. A., Slymen, D. J., Woodruff, S. I., Hoerster, K. D., Pichon, L. C., Sallis,
J. F., Weeks, J. R., & Belch, G. E. (2008, October). Correlates of indoor tanning
among teens: Key findings from CITY100. Peer-reviewed paper presented at the
annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, San Diego, CA.
Individual-level predictors
Variable
OR
CI
sex:female=1.0
.42
.26, .68
Individual-level predictors
Variable
OR
CI
sex:female=1.0
.42
.26, .68
age 17: 14=1.0
1.8
1.2, 2.6
Indoor tanning among CITY100 teens
30
25
20
Males
Females
15
10
5
0
14
15
16
17
Individual-level predictors
Variable
OR
CI
sex:female=1.0
.42
.26, .68
age 17: 14=1.0
1.8
1.2, 2.6
parent uses
1.7
1.3, 2.2
Individual-level predictors
Variable
OR
CI
sex:female=1.0
.42
.26, .68
age 17: 14=1.0
1.8
1.2, 2.6
parent uses
1.7
1.3, 2.2
parent allows
4.8
3.6, 6.3
Individual-level predictors
Variable
OR
CI
sex:female=1.0
.42
.26, .68
age 17: 14=1.0
1.8
1.2, 2.6
parent uses
1.7
1.3, 2.2
parent allows
4.8
3.6, 6.3
parent concern
.58
.45, .74
Individual-level predictors-continued
Variable
OR
CI
friends tan20% unit +
1.8
1.6, 1.9
Individual-level predictors-continued
Variable
OR
CI
friends tan-20%
unit +
value a tan
1.8
1.6, 1.9
1.8
1.3, 2.5
Environmental-level predictors
Variable
Lives within 2
mi of salon
OR
CI
1.4
1.0, 1.9
City salon density was significant in
bivariate, but not multivariate, test…
How many facilities?
•
•
•
•
average = 41.8 (SD=30.8)
range = 3 (Hialeah,FL) to 183 (New York)
density (per 100,000 people): 1 to 34
average density= 11.8 (SD=6.0)
Hoerster, K. D., et al. (2009). Density of indoor tanning facilities in 116
large U.S. cities. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(3), 243246.
Average # Businesses per City
(n=116)
50
40
30
Starbucks
McDonalds
Tanning
20
10
0
type of
business
Hoerster, K. D., et al. (2009). Density of indoor tanning facilities in 116 large
U.S. cities. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(3), 243-246.
Living near a tanning salon and
use…
•
76% lived within 2 miles of a tanning salon
•
For teens having no tanning salons within 2
miles of their home, 7% used indoor tanning
in the past 12 months.
•
For teens having at least 1 tanning salon, this
rate was 11%.
Policy-level predictors
•
Whether state had a youth access law -ns
•
Whether salon required parental
consent --ns
•
Frequency tanning salon would allow
teen to tan--ns
Did indoor tanning facilities
require signed parental consent?
•
87% did…
•
Requiring consent was significantly
related to presence of youth law
•
78% vs. 93%
•
OR (no law vs law) = 0.35 (.25, .49)
Pichon, LC, et al. (in press). Youth access to artificial ultraviolet radiation
exposure: Practices of 3,647 indoor tanning facilities. Archives of Derm.
Did indoor tanning facilities allow
frequent tanning?
“I have fair skin…I’m 15 & have never
used a tanning bed…How many
times can I tan the 1st week?”
•
71% of the salons said every day
(mean = 6)
•
Frequency allowed to tan not related
to presence of a law
Pichon, LC, et al. (in press). Youth access to artificial ultraviolet radiation
exposure: Practices of 3,647 indoor tanning facilities. Archives of Derm.
28 states (red) had an
indoor tanning law
Alaska
Washington
Montana
Vermont
North Dakota
Minnesota
Oregon
Idaho
Wisconsin
South Dakota
Nebraska
Nevada
Utah
California
Arizona
Iowa
Pennsylvania
Illinois Indiana
Ohio
Colorado
Kansas
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Missouri
West
Virginia
Kentucky
Arkansas
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Jersey
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
North
Carolina
Tennessee
Mississippi
Texas
New York
Michigan
Wyoming
Hawaii
Maine
South
Caroli
na
Alabama Georgia
Louisiana
Florida
21 of those laws (red)
included youth access
restrictions
Alaska
Washington
Montana
Vermont
North Dakota
Minnesota
Oregon
Idaho
Wisconsin
South Dakota
Nebraska
Nevada
Utah
California
Arizona
Iowa
Pennsylvania
Illinois Indiana
Ohio
Colorado
Kansas
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Missouri
West
Virginia
Kentucky
Arkansas
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Jersey
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
North
Carolina
Tennessee
Mississippi
Texas
New York
Michigan
Wyoming
Hawaii
Maine
South
Caroli
na
Alabama Georgia
Louisiana
Florida
Case Study:
Wisconsin
Alaska
Washington
Montana
Vermont
North Dakota
Minnesota
Oregon
Idaho
Wisconsin
South Dakota
Nebraska
Nevada
Utah
California
Arizona
Iowa
Pennsylvania
Illinois Indiana
Ohio
Colorado
Kansas
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Missouri
West
Virginia
Kentucky
Arkansas
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Jersey
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
North
Carolina
Tennessee
Mississippi
Texas
New York
Michigan
Wyoming
Hawaii
Maine
South
Caroli
na
Alabama Georgia
Louisiana
Florida
Banning the Tanning of 15 Year Olds—
Confederate Phone Calls
Wisconsin Facilities
All Other Facilities
70%
4%
Pichon, LC, et al. (in press). Youth access to artificial ultraviolet radiation
exposure: Practices of 3,647 indoor tanning facilities. Archives of Derm.
Conclusions
•
Parental consent laws are effective,
but…
•
parents are consenting
Conclusions, continued
•
Need local zoning ordinances
•
“All you can tan” packages-need to
restrict these & session frequency
•
Need teen bans (like France &
Australia)
Pending Bill in Ohio (HB 230)
Sec. 4713.50. Under no circumstances shall an
operator or employee of a tanning facility allow an
individual who is under eighteen years of age to
use the tanning services of the facility unless the
individual presents a prescription for receiving
ultraviolet radiation treatments written by a
physician authorized under Chapter 4731. of the
Revised Code to practice medicine and surgery or
osteopathic medicine and surgery.
Indoor Tanning Association
•
•
“
Lobbying against pending Ohio law banning
those under 18…
Businesses, parents, etc should choose a
sample letter and send to local and state
gov’t officials…
“Please put some common sense
back into government. Whether or
not a teen suntans is a decision for
parents, not government.”
www.theita.com
Levels of Influence
Teens & parents
Environment
Policy
What will CITY100 do?
•
Strategically share our data and
conclusions with key audiences
•
Health organizations, legislators,
reporters
What might (should) you do?
•
(Continue to) advocate for Ohio’s ban
of minors
•
Ohio as a model – “As goes Ohio, so
goes…”
And thank you!
For more information, contact
[email protected]
Ohio bill information:
www.ohderm.org
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