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Drift from boom sprayers
1. PDPA laser based droplet characterisation
D
1
NUYTTENS ,
1 Institute
K
2
BAETENS ,
3
SCHAMPHELEIRE ,
M DE
D
1
DEKEYSER
&B
1
SONCK
for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology & Food, Agricultural Engineering, Belgium
2 MeBioS, Department Biosystems, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
3 Department of Crop Protection, University Ghent, Belgium
Objective
To measure and compare droplet size and velocity characteristics of different nozzle-pressure combinations including the BCPC reference nozzles
Materials and Methods
Measuring set-up




Spray application techniques
Climate room
3-D positioning system
Spay unit
Aerometrics Phase Doppler Particle Analyser
Pressure
Nozzle
(bar)
Flow
rate
-1
(L.min )
Nozzle*
Pressure
(bar)
Flow
rate
-1
(L.min )
Nozzle*
Flow
rate
-1
(L.min )
Pressure
(bar)
Delavan LF 110 01
4.5
0.48
F 110 02
3.0
0.80
LD 110 02
3.0
0.80
Lurmark F 110 03
3.0
1.18
F 110 03
2.0
0.98
LD 110 03
3.0
1.20
Lechler LU 120 06
2.0
1.93
F 110 03
$
3.0
1.20
LD 110 04
3.0
1.60
TeeJet 80 08
2.5
2.88
F 110 03
4.0
1.39
Injet 110 02
3.0
0.80
TeeJet 80 15
2.0
4.90
F 110 04
3.0
1.60
Injet 110 03
3.0
1.20
F 110 06
3.0
2.40
Injet 110 04
3.0
1.60
Injet 110 06
3.0
2.40
end
v
y
Y
Δy
Measuring protocol
Δx
st a rt
*Hardi ISO nozzles; $ Reference spray application; F, Standard flat fan; LD, Low-drift flat fan; Injet, Air inclusion flat fan
x
 Measuring conditions
X
• Spray liquid: water; T = 20 °C
• Environmental conditions: RH: 60-70%; T= 20 °C
• Nozzle positioned 0.5 m above measuring point
• 9 measurements for each nozzle-pressure combination (3 nozzles x 3 repetitions)
 Selection of test nozzles based on flow rate (BELAC accredited Spray Tech Laboratory)
 BCPC reference nozzle F/M (Lurmark F 110 03 - 3 bar) to check for the repeatability
 Scan trajectory depending on the type of nozzle at a constant speed
Results
Droplet size characteristics
Droplet velocity characteristics
50
ISO 02
ISO 03
ISO 04
ISO 06
43,2
45
80
Lechler LU 120 06 at 2.0 bar
TeeJet 80 08 at 2.5 bar
TeeJet 80 15 at 2.0 bar
Hardi ISO F 110 02
Hardi ISO LD 110 02
35
Hardi ISO Injet 110 02
Hardi ISO F 110 03
Hardi ISO LD 110 03
20
14,8
14,5
14,2
15
Hardi ISO Injet 110 02
40
4
2,38
2,56
Hardi ISO LD 110 03
30
Hardi ISO Injet 110 03
2
Hardi ISO LD 110 04
Hardi ISO Injet 110 04
Proportion of total volume in % of droplets smaller
than 200 µm (V200) for the different Hardi nozzle
types at 3.0 bar (+ 95% confidence intervals)
15→16
14→15
13→14
9→10
8→9
7→8
Cumulative volumetric droplet velocity distributions
ISO 02
ISO 03
Comparison with other studies
Nozzle
Pressure
(bar)
Results from
this study
Nilars et al., 2000
(Aerometrics PDPA)
Nilars et al., 2000
(PMS)
BCPC nozzle card
BCPC nozzle classification from different studies
Hardi ISO F 110 02
3.0
F
F
F
M
F
F
Hardi ISO F 110 03
4.0
F
M
M
Hardi ISO F 110 03
3.0
M
M
M
Hardi ISO F 110 03
2.0
M
M
M
Hardi ISO F 110 04
3.0
M
M
M
M
M
F/M
Hardi ISO F 110 06
3.0
M
C
C
C
C
M/C
Hardi ISO LD 110 02
3.0
M
M
M
M
M
Hardi ISO LD 110 03
3.0
M
C
M
M
C
Hardi ISO LD 110 04
3.0
M
C
C
M
C
Hardi ISO Injet 110 02
3.0
VC
VC
VC
Hardi ISO Injet 110 03
3.0
VC
VC
VC
Hardi ISO Injet 110 04
3.0
EC
VC
VC
Hardi ISO Injet 110 06
3.0
EC
VC
VC
ISO 06
Hardi ISO F 110 03
Hardi ISO F 110 04
6,0
Hardi ISO F 110 06
Hardi ISO LD 110 02
ISO 04
ISO 04
ISO 06
Hardi ISO LD 110 03
5,0
Hardi ISO LD 110 04
ISO 02
Hardi ISO Injet 110 02
6
ISO 04
vvol50 (m.s )
Hardi ISO Injet 110 03
Hardi ISO Injet 110 04
5
Hardi ISO Injet 110 06
4
ISO 03
ISO 03
4,0
F
M
M
F
ISO 03
3,0
F/M
ISO 02
3
ISO 02
2,0
2
1
standard flat fan nozzles
low-drift nozzles
air inclusion nozzles
1,0
720 - 760
680 - 720
640 - 680
600 - 640
560 - 600
520 - 560
480 - 520
440 - 480
400 - 440
360 - 400
320 - 360
280 - 320
240 - 280
200 - 240
160 - 200
120 - 160
80 - 120
40 - 80
0
0- 40
velocity (m.s )
7
ISO 06
Average volumetric droplet velocities (vvol50) for the
different Hardi nozzles at 3.0 bar (+95% confidence
intervals)
7,0
Hardi ISO F 110 02
ISO 04
Huygebaert et al.,
2004
Relation between droplet size and droplet velocity characteristics
0
Hardi nozzles product
guide
Cumulative volumetric droplet size distributions
6→7
Droplet velocity interval (m.s )
11→12
Air inclusion
-1
10→11
Low-drift
5→6
0
Standard
Hardi ISO Injet 110 06
0
12→13
2,3
4→5
2,8
3→4
880 - 900
2,2
1
Hardi ISO F 110 06
-3→-2
3,7
Droplet diameter interval (μm)
8
3,93
3
Hardi ISO F 110 03
10
840 - 860
800 - 820
760 - 780
720 - 740
680 - 700
640 - 660
600 - 620
560 - 580
520 - 540
480 - 500
440 - 460
400 - 420
360 - 380
320 - 340
280 - 300
240 - 260
200 - 220
160 - 180
120 - 140
80 - 100
40 - 60
Hardi ISO LD 110 02
20
5
0 - 20
Hardi ISO F 110 02
50
10
0
9
TeeJet 80 15 at 2.0 bar
Hardi ISO F 110 04
Hardi ISO Injet 110 06
10
4,57
4,37
4,64
TeeJet 80 08 at 2.5 bar
60
2→3
10
19,9
20,1
Hardi ISO Injet 110 03
Hardi ISO F 110 04
Hardi ISO LD 110 04
Hardi ISO Injet 110 04
Hardi ISO F 110 06
20
25
4,79
5
Lechler LU 120 06 at 2.0 bar
1→2
30
24,5
5,24
Lurmark F 110 03 at 3.0 bar
70
0→1
40
30
Delavan LF 110 01 at 4.5 bar
-1→0
50
5,60
80
-2→-1
60
5,88
6
Cumulative volume (% of total) .
Delavan LF 110 01 at 4.5 bar
Lurmark F 110 03 at 3.0 bar
70
6,61
Standard flat fan
Low-drift flat fan
Air inclusion flat fan
90
40
V200 (%)
Cumulative volume (% of total) ….
90
7
100
vvol50 (m.s )
100
0,0
200
250
300
350
Droplet size interval (μm)
Average droplet velocities for the different droplet
size classes at a pressure of 3.0 bar
400
450
D v0.5 (μm)
500
550
600
650
VF, very fine; F, fine; M, medium; C, coarse; VC, very coarse; EC, extremely coarse
Average volumetric droplet velocities (vvol50) in
relation to volume median diameters (Dv0.5) for the
different Hardi nozzles at 3.0 bar
Variability of Dv0.1, Dv0.5 and Dv0.9 values from
17 different studies on four BCPC reference
nozzle-pressure combinations
Comparison of BCPC nozzle classification of
different nozzle-pressure combinations from this
study with the results from other studies
Conclusions
References
Important effect of nozzle type and size on droplet sizes and velocities
Nuyttens D, De Schampheleire M, Baetens K, Sonck B. 2006. PDPA Laser-Based
Characterisation of Agricultural Spray Nozzles. Agricultural Engineering International:
the CIGR Ejournal. Manuscript PM 06 024. Vol. VIII. December, 2006.
Nuyttens D, Baetens K, De Schampheleire M, Sonck B. 2007. Effect of Nozzle Type,
Size and Pressure on Spray Droplet Characteristics. Biosystems Engineering. 97(3):
333-345.
Nuyttens D. 2007. Drift from field crop sprayers: The influence of spray application
technology determined using indirect and direct drift assessment means. PhD thesis
nr. 772, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. 293 pp. ISBN 978-90-8826-039-1.
available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1979/1047
Clear relation between droplet velocities and sizes
Reference nozzles are useful due to considerable variations in absolute
results
www.ilvo.vlaanderen.be
Contact: [email protected]