Transcript FCAT Review - South McKeel Academy

Reading Skills and Strategies
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GENRE: type of story
NONFICTION: true
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Textbooks: science, history, etc.
Newspapers
Magazines (Weekly Reader)
Informational Articles
BIOGRAPHY: true story about a real person’s life
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FICTION: not true
◦ Historical Fiction: made up story with true historical
events (such as Revolutionary War)
◦ Realistic Fiction: made up story with characters,
events and settings that are like those in real life (it
could happen, but it didn’t)
◦ Science Fiction: made up story usually set in the
future or in outer space
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Mystery: made up story with a puzzle to solve
Myth: usually based on mythical creatures or
used as an explanation of how things came to
be (not true)
Poem: written in verse and sometimes rhyme
Play: characters’ dialogue is spoken, includes
directions for the play
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Author’s Purpose is as easy as P-I-E:
◦ Persuade (try to get you to do something
◦ Inform (tell you about something)
◦ Entertain you
Author’s Perspective is how the author feels about the
subject he is writing about, such as:
- Does he admire the person he’s writing about?
- Does he dislike the thing he’s writing about?
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What does the author mean when he
writes….”______________________”?
Why did the author write this article?
What is the author’s purpose in writing this
article?
How does the author feel about
_________________?
With which statement would the
author agree?
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Setting: Where and When
Characters
Plot: can also be called Problem, Conflict,
Clash, – it is usually resolved (or fixed) before
the story is over
Rising Action: the author is building up the
problem – giving facts
Climax: the high point or resolution of
the problem
Falling Action: concluding action after
the problem has been solved
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Character’s Point of View is their perspective
or attitude or opinion
Character’s development: how is information
about the character developed?
Think about how you get information about
the character, how the character feels, how
the character changes
For example: Who’s perspective is the story
told from?
How does the author develop Susan’s
character?
What problem did the character face?
 What happens that causes the character to
change from the beginning to the end of the
story?
 How is the problem solved in the story?
 What events lead to the resolution of the
problem in the story?
 What event happens at the climax
of the story?
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Rhyme
Rhyme Scheme: pattern, end rhyme, internal
Rhythm: repetition of sounds; Meter: regular
pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables
Free Verse: no rhyming pattern, no set # of lines
Metaphors, Similes: Comparing two things –
similes use like or as; metaphors don’t
Personification: giving human qualities to
inhuman things
Onomatopoeia: words that make sounds
Alliteration: repeating consonant sounds
Cliches, Idioms, Hyperboles
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Main Idea: What is the main point of this
article; what is the main thing it is talking
about?
Main Idea can be found:
in the title
in the first sentence
in the last sentence
in the middle somewhere
or not in the passage at all!! (You
have to infer it from clues)
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Example Sentences:
What is the main idea of this passage?
Which is the best summary of this passage?
Why do you think this story/article has the title
_________________?
Which of the following would make a good
title?
If it asks: What main idea can be inferred
about this article?... This means the main idea
isn’t stated, it’s just something you figure out
based on what you read.
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A cause is the reason something happens.
(Why?...Because)
An effect is the result of something that
happened.
EXAMPLE: If your teacher says, “Why don’t
you have your homework? You would say,
“Because…” (That’s the cause.)
If you don’t have your homework, you will
have to pay a fine. (That’s the effect).
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Examples of Questions:
◦ What caused ___________ to ____________?
◦ What effect did _____________ have on
___________________?
◦ What are the events that caused
______________________?
◦ What might happen if _______________?
◦ What is the effect of _________________?
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Compare and contrast two people, things,
stories, etc.:
COMPARE: the things they have in common
(similarities)
CONTRAST: the things that are different about
them
You can use a DOUBLE BUBBLE MAP to show
the similarities and differences between two
people, things, etc.
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How are ___________ and ____________ ALIKE?
How is ___________ DIFFERENT from
________________?
How is _____________ both SIMILAR and
DIFFERENT from _____________?
What is the DIFFERENCE between
_______________ and _______________?
How is ______________ DISSIMILAR to
___________________?
What do ____________ and _________
have in common?
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Fact: a statement you can prove true or false
Opinion: a statement you can’t prove true or
false
How do you prove it? Internet, dictionary,
encyclopedia, atlas, ask someone, measure it,
look at it, etc.
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Use context clues to determine the meaning of
words you don’t know
EXAMPLE SENTENCES:
What does the word _________ mean?
Choose the word that means the SAME as
____________.
Choose the word that means the OPPOSITE of
_____________.
Which word has the same meaning as _______?
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Context Clues
Multiple Meaning Words
Synonyms
Antonyms
Prefixes/Suffixes/Roots
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“Figuring out” something by using the clues
given in the passage
There will be “explicit” – or direct clues in the
passage
Use the clues, plus your personal knowledge
of the subject, plus your common sense to
draw a conclusion
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“Figuring out” something by using the clues
given in the passage
There will be “implicit” – or indirect clues in
the passage
Use the clues, your personal knowledge, and
your common sense to make an inference.
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Contents Page
Index
Glossary
Organization: sequential or chronological
order, flashbacks, cause/effect
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What happened just BEFORE ________?
What happened just AFTER __________?
What happened FIRST, LAST, etc.?
What happened between ________ and
__________?
What is the FIRST STEP in ____________?
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Graphs, charts, maps, illustrations
Use the information given to answer
questions
Always PREVIEW the graphic aid very carefully
to make sure you understand it before you
attempt to answer any questions
If there is text with the graphic aid, ALWAYS
read it carefully before you answer the
questions
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Evidence = proof!!
Examples of questions:
What evidence does the author give for
_________?
What argument does the author use to
support her statement that __________?
How does the author’s evidence support
the fact that _________?
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PREVIEW before you read a selection!!!
Learn how to answer each type of question
For multiple-choice questions, read each
question carefully and think about the answer
or solve the problem before you select your
answer from the choices provided
Answer questions you are sure about first. If a
question seems too hard, skip it and go back to
that question later.
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There is no penalty for guessing; therefore, it is
best to try to answer all questions, even if you
are not sure of the correct answers. DON’T
leave any blanks.
Think positively. Some questions may seem
hard, but you may be able to figure out how to
respond if you read the questions carefully a
second time
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Be sure to completely fill in the answer bubbles
in your test book or answer document. Do not
make any stray marks around the answer
spaces
Check to make sure the test question number
matches the answer choice number on the
answer document