Transcript Machinery and Vehicular Safety

Machinery and Vehicular Safety
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Landscaping Related Activities
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Excavating, grading, and site preparation
Transporting stone, sand, and mulch
Mowing and cutting
Loading, transporting, and unloading
Wood chipping and shredding
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Hazardous Conditions and Unsafe Acts
• Not inspecting, operating, and maintaining
machinery according to the manufacturer
• Operating defective machinery
• Not reading and following all warning labels
• Untrained or unauthorized operation
• Taking unnecessary risks
• Not taking proper vehicular traffic precautions
• Operating too close to underground and
overhead utilities.
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Potential outcomes
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Crushed or struck-by machinery
Caught in moving parts
Amputations
Struck-by flying debris or striking the
public with flying debris
• Struck-by motor vehicles during loading
and unloading activities
• Fires, explosions, and electrocution
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Unsafe Work Practices can be
Deadly.
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WV FACE Fatal Fact
• A worker was trimming
trees and dumping brush
over a steep bank.
• He was not wearing his
seat belt.
• The drop-off had no
barricade or stop log.
• He accidentally rolled
over the bank’s edge.
• He was crushed by his
tractor.
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Preventing Machine Hazards
• There are thousands of machine-related
injuries each year.
• Proper training can prevent these injuries.
• Workers should know how to operate a
piece of machinery and inspect for
problem areas before turning on the
power.
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Preoperational Considerations
• Have you reviewed the owner's manual?
• Are the Warning decals in place?
• Are the machine guards properly placed
and in good condition?
• Are air and hydraulic lines in good
condition and not leaking?
• Is the setup a proper setup?
• Is the work zone free from hazards?
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Personal Protection
• Wear personal
protective equipment,
such as goggles,
safety shoes and
leather gloves.
• Long hair should be
tucked under to avoid
getting caught in
machinery.
• Avoid wearing
jewelry.
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Machine Maintenance Safety
• Keep machines
repaired, lubricated,
and adjusted.
• Clearly mark control
switches and valves
that control machines.
• Check machines for
emergency stop
switches
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While Operating Machines
• Stay away from moving parts.
• Turn power off and remove key before
working around or performing
maintenance on the machine.
• Use appropriate lockout and tagout
procedures to prevent equipment from
being re-energized while work is being
performed on or around it.
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No Riders on Equipment
• Most equipment does not have an extra
seat, but some workers allow riders.
• Any rider for any reason is a safety
hazard.
• Most importantly a rider could:
– Fall from the equipment.
– Be run over.
– Become entangled in equipment.
– Be killed.
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Riding and Walk Behind Mowers
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Hazards of Mowers
• A power lawn
mower can result
in serious injuries.
• The blade travels
at 100 to 200 miles
per hour.
• This landscaper’s
life will never be
the same.
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Hazards of Mowers
• Objects can be
thrown from the
mower at very high
rates of speed.
• Before mowing
remove debris from
lawn.
• Keep all guards and
safety shields in
place.
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General Power Mower Safety
• Begin by reading the operator’s manual.
• Wear protective, close-fitting clothing.
• Use hearing protection if indicated by the
operator’s manual.
• Take mowers out of gear before starting.
• Read all warning labels.
• Obey the warning labels!
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Leave Safety Devices Alone!
• Never disengage or
bypass any safety
guard or interlock
switch.
• This mower now has
the ability to amputate
and throw objects at
deadly speeds.
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Prevent Dangerous Fires!
• Never fill the gasoline
tank if the engine is
running.
• Store gasoline in an
approved, properly
labeled container.
• Never store gasoline
or any other material
in a food container.
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Store Fuel Properly!
Danger
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General Power Mower Safety
• Disconnect the spark plug before repairing
mower.
• Turn off motor before removing a foreign
object.
• Provide routine maintenance.
• Warn humans and pets to stay away from
operating mowers.
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Riding Mower Precautions
• Turn off the mower before getting off.
• When mowing on a slope with a riding
mower, you should mow down the slope.
• Be aware of power take offs.
• Wear a seat belt all of the time when the
mower is equipped with ROPS.
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Make Seatbelts a Habit!
• This landscaper isn’t
taking any chances.
• Using the belt will
ensure he remains
within the safety zone
provided by the roll
over protective
structure.
• Seatbelts should be
used 100% of the
time.
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Walk Behind Mower Precautions
• Start push mowers from a firm stance with
feet in a safe position.
• When mowing on a slope with a push
mower, you should mow across the slope.
• In the event of a fall, push the mower
away from the body.
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This Worker Had a Close Call
• Anything with
rotating blades
can do damage
to your body.
• Keep all parts
of your body
away from
lawnmower
blades.
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Dress for the Task at Hand
• Sturdy shoes are a must; steel-toed work
boots are advised.
• Long pants and long sleeve shirts protect
from flying debris, grass clippings, and
sun.
• Safety glasses or goggles, especially
when mowing near solid objects like gravel
driveways.
• Hearing protection may be necessary.
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Wear the right shoes!
• A poor choice of foot
wear.
• Steel toed boots with
lugged soles should
be worn.
• The steel toe will help
protect your feet.
• The lugged soles will
help prevent slipping.
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Additional Information
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http://www.cete.org/Trainer/EquipCutES.pdf
http://www.cete.org/Trainer/NoRidersES.pdf
http://www.cete.org/Trainer/PowerLwnES.pdf
http://www.cete.org/Trainer/RotLwnBrES.pdf
http://www.cete.org/Trainer/SmallEngES.pdf
OSH Answers: Riding Lawn Mowers
http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/ageng2/MF2
708.pdf
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TRACTORS and ATTACHMENTS
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Tractor Hazards
• A tractor is a useful piece of equipment to
landscapers, but misuse can be deadly.
• A tractor can overturn often crushing the
operator.
• Operators can be entangled in PTO shafts
and other rotating parts.
• People can be struck-by flying objects
when using pull behind rotary mower
attachments.
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Preventing Overturns
• Safe work practices are necessary.
• Most overturns occur to the side.
• Select a low gear and match speed to
conditions and loads.
• If a front-end loader is mounted, keep it as
low as possible.
• Always remember, If you are
uncomfortable on the slope, it’s too steep.
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Preventing Overturns
• Rear overturns pose a threat as well.
• It may be possible to back up slopes or
drive forward down slopes that are too
steep to traverse.
• Shift to the lowest gear that will be needed
before climbing the slope - don’t change
gears on the slope.
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Preventing Overturns
• Look your work area over for ditches,
drop-offs and stream banks.
• Consider marking or barricading bank
edges storage areas, and other frequently
traveled work zones.
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Rollover Protective Structure
• A rollover protective
structure (ROPS) will
offer significant
protection.
• These roll-bars are
designed to withstand the
dynamic forces during a
rollover.
• Using the seat belt is
necessary to ensure that
you remain within the
“zone of protection”
provided by the ROPS.
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Tractor Attachments
• Knowing the
capabilities of the
tractor allows for the
use of the right
attachment for the
job.
• The operator’s
manual will help
determine if the
attachment is
designed for the job.
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Additional Information
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http://www.cete.org/Trainer/SafTrcSPES.pdf
http://www.cete.org/Trainer/SafStartES.pdf
http://www.cete.org/Trainer/RollROPSES.pdf
OSH Answers: Tractors
NIOSH FACE Program: Colorado Case
Report 95CO094 | CDC/NIOSH
• http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/ageng2/MF2
708.pdf
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Heavy Equipment
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Heavy Equipment Dangers
• Run-over or struck-by equipment
• Caught between solid objects and moving equipment
• Caught between moving parts or elevated components
and the ground
• Falling from machines or overturning equipment
• Contacting overhead or underground utilities
• Amputation due to cutting action
• Entanglement in moving parts
• Struck-by flying debris and rocks
• Leading to injury or death
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Causes of Equipment Accidents
• Improper set-up and/or use of equipment
• Not following manufacturers instructions
and warning labels
• Defective equipment
• Unsafe work practices
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Dump Body Accident
• Driver freeing stuck
cable without strong
positive means of
dump body support.
• Cable is freed
• Dump body drops
• Driver is crushed
• This driver died !
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Heavy Equipment Safety
• Inspected, operated and maintained
according to the manufacturer.
• Operated by designated employees.
• Operated so no hazards are created for
other workers.
• Practice safe excavation techniques.
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Additional Information
• NIOSH FACE Program: Massachusetts
Case Report 96MA016 | CDC/NIOSH
• NIOSH FACE Program: Minnesota Case
Report 92MN009 | CDC/NIOSH
• NIOSH FACE Program: New Jersey Case
Report 02NJ025 | CDC/NIOSH
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Excavation Safety Facts
• Each year as many as 400 workers die and
another 4000 are injured from cave-ins.
• Most deaths are in trenches 5-14 ft deep.
• Cave-ins cause deaths by; Suffocation, Crushing,
Loss of Circulation and Falling Objects.
• One cubic foot of soil can weigh up to 140lbs
• One cubic yard can weigh 3000 lbs.
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Excavation Hazards
• Cave-ins (the greatest hazard)
• Fires, Explosions, Electrocutions and
Engulfments due to utility hits
• Struck by falling objects
• Falls into excavation
• Equipment rollovers
• Hazardous atmospheres
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Injury and Death
• Excavating is one of the
most hazardous
construction operations
• Most accidents occur in
trenches 5-15 feet deep
• There is usually no
warning before a cave-in
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Excavation Safety
• Never enter a vertical sided trench unless it is
less then 5 feet deep and determined to be
safe.
• Never enter a trench deeper then 5 feet
unless a protective system is used.
• Sloping, shoring, and shielding are examples
of protective systems.
• Sloping may be the easiest for landscapers.
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Excavation Safety-sloping
• This is the acceptable slope for any kind of soil.
• Excavations should be sloped as close as
possible to this configuration.
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Excavation Safety
• Make sure a ladder is within 25 feet of your
work zone when deeper then 4 feet.
• Make sure excavated dirt and rocks are kept
back at least 2 feet from the edge.
• Take precautions to ensure tools, materials,
and equipment won’t roll or fall in.
• Test the air in areas suspect to atmospheric
hazards.
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Excavation Safety
• Work defensively, keep track of overhead
hazards which could fall in on you.
• Never work under suspended loads.
• Never work under equipment or equipment
components.
• Stay out of the equipment’s swing radius and
blind spots.
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Additional Information
• http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane
_Facts/trench_excavation_fs.pdf
• http://www.cete.org/Trainer/TrenchExES.pdf
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Defensive Machine Operation
• Practice defensive operation at all times.
This means that you must understand:
– The machine’s capacity and stability
limitations
– Operating techniques and procedures
– The task at hand
– That using good judgment and professional
skill is always needed
– The manufacturer’s recommended operator
safety instructions and warning labels!
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Read and Follow all Warnings
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Defensive Machine Operation
• Before leaving a machine, operator
must secure it by setting parking brake,
placing transmission in park, placing
each moving part to the ground, and
discharging stored energy.
• Equipment must be operated so no
hazards are created for other workers
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Inspections are Important
• Should be done at
the beginning of
each day.
• Report problems to
your supervisor.
• Defects that affect
safe operation must
be corrected.
• Defective machines
can kill !
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What Do You Inspect ?
• Manufacturers will
have pre-start
inspection lists.
• Start at the same
point each time and
work your way
around.
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Operate Equipment According to
the Manufacturer
• Following the
manufacturer’s
instructions is
important.
• OSHA requires it !
• A copy must be kept
with the equipment.
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Protective Structures for
Operators
• Protective structures are cabs, FOPS,
and ROPS.
• Most equipment has one of the above
systems.
• Protects operators from rollovers and
falling objects.
• Must be used with the seat belt!
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Required Seatbelt Use
• ROPS, FOPS or
overhead guards
means you must
wear your seat belt.
• Each year many
workers are killed by
rollovers without belt
use.
• There’s no time to
jump or hang on !
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Additional Information
• http://www.cete.org/Trainer/RollROPSES.
pdf
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Visibility and Safety
• All vehicle and
machine glass must
be kept clean.
• Free from scratches.
• Broken, missing or
cracked glass must
be replaced.
• Visibility and safety
go hand in hand !
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Fire Prevention
• Each piece of
equipment must have
its own extinguisher.
• Each extinguisher
must be fully charged.
• Extinguishers should
be inspected at the
beginning of each
shift.
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Ground Crew Safety
• Never place yourself in the direct path of
moving equipment or equipment that may
move unintentionally.
• Realize that equipment has blind spots.
• Work defensively around equipment.
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Ground Crew Safety
• Approach equipment only after making eye
contact and signaling the operator, wait for
their approval.
• Never place yourself within the swing radius
or path of moving components. (especially
under)
• Never stand directly between wheels or on
tracks when talking to the operator.
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Make sure they know you are there
before approaching an operator.
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A very dangerous place to be.
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This worker is taking no chances.
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Worker in dangerous blind spot
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Moving parts and flying debris
• Factory guards in place at all times.
• Guards must protect worker from
moving parts.
• Guards must protect the worker from
flying debris.
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Most importantly, working safely around heavy
equipment requires good judgment.
Don’t takes risks like this worker is doing.
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Chocking and Blocking
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Equipment Shifting Dangers
• Serious injuries can happen when a
vehicle or piece of equipment moves while
it is being worked on.
• Chocking and blocking prevent movement
and prevent injuries.
• Chocking the vehicle or equipment keeps
it from rolling forward or backward.
• Blocking the vehicle or equipment keeps it
from falling on workers under it.
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Chocking
• When unhooking towed
equipment, make sure
the tires on the
equipment have been
chocked.
• Do not rely on the
equipment’s brakes.
• The rear-most axle
should be the one that is
chocked.
• Tires may need to be
chocked in both the front
and the rear on some
equipment.
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Blocking
• When working on
equipment, never rely
only on jacks or hoists to
support the equipment.
• The equipment should be
blocked.
• Use jacks or hoists only
to raise the equipment.
• Jack-stands are
considered blocking.
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Loading and Unloading of
Equipment
• Loading and unloading
equipment safely takes
an effort.
• Many workers have
been killed before the
job starts.
• What are the hazards?
• What can we do?
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Equipment Unloading Accident
• Operator unloading
dozer without
wearing a seat belt
• Dozer begins to
slide off trailer
• Operator tries to
jump
• Operator is crushed
by dozer !
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This is NOT How You Should
Transport a Riding Mower!
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TRAFFIC CONTROL
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Traffic control
• This single cone is not
enough traffic control.
• Barricades should be
erected to detour the
passage vehicles from
hazardous areas.
• If there are questions
about which signs should
be used, refer to the
State Traffic Control
Manual for guidance.
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Traffic Control
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Flag persons should be properly dressed
– Bright orange, yellow, or yellow green vest
(reflective at night)
– Hard hat
– Flag (18” X 18”) or STOP / SLOW sign
– Always stand on the berm next to the traffic you
are controlling or in the barricaded lane.
– UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES stand in the
lane being used by traffic.
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Most Importantly, working near
traffic requires approved highvisibility clothing.
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Additional Information
• http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurrica
ne_Facts/work_xone_traffic_safety.pdf
• http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurrica
ne_Facts/work_zone_safety.pdf
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