Transcript Lesson number: Title (from syllabus sheet)

CKS3: Year 8 Chemistry Unit 3 –What's My World Made Of?
Part 2: Lesson number: 1.
Lesson Title: Atoms, Elements and the Periodic Table
Lesson Outcomes
How I did
Learning Outcome 1:
Explain each element is made up of one
type of atoms.
Level 5
Connector: (Level 4)
Write the names of
various materials and
elements around you.
Learning Outcome 2:
Explain the structure of an atom.
Level 6
Learning Outcome 3:
Knowledge of the particle model to
represent elements in different states
Level 7
Targets
TJ
BIG picture
Key Question: What is the difference
between an element and a compound?
• What skills will you be developing this
lesson?
• HSW- by planning and carrying out an
investigation/ Interpreting data/ evaluating
an experiment
•How is this
lesson relevant
to every day
life? Chemicals
and reactions
used to work
machines for
example, for
fireworks
• Literacy- by writing explanations using
correctly spelt keywords and good
grammar.
Where does this lesson
fit in to the rest of the
topic? Lesson 1
• Team work- during a practical investigation
•Quick Discussion:
•What do you
already know?
• Participation- during a practical activity
• Reflection- through self and peer
Keywords:
Create sentences using the keywords to show that you know what they mean.
Put your hand up if there is any key word from the list that you don’t understand.
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Phenomena
Element
Compound
Reaction
Data
Valid
Reaction
Word Equation
Symbol equation.
New Information for Learning
Outcome 1
• Visual: Demonstration
• Audio: Demonstration
• Kinaesthetic: Class experiment
New Information for Learning
Outcome 1
Millions of substances
There are millions of substances and as a first step to
understanding them scientists sort these substances into
various types or groups.
Here are some of the more common ways of grouping
substances.
There are far fewer elements than substances.
Solid
Natural
Liquid
Gas
In this unit the
focus is mainly
upon atoms and
elements.
Synthetic
Metal
Non-metal
Element
Compound
Mixture
New Information for Learning
Outcome 1
There are millions of different substances!
What are they all made of?
New Information for Learning
Outcome 1
All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms.
Many substances are made up of different types of atoms.
hydrogen and
oxygen atoms
carbon and
hydrogen atoms
iron, aluminium,
silicon, oxygen
and boron atoms
carbon, nitrogen,
hydrogen, oxygen
and sulphur atoms
New Information for Learning
Outcome 1
All substances are made of atoms
= tiny particle that all
substances are made up of
Many substances are made up of different types of atoms.
New Information for Learning
Outcome 1
There are about one hundred substances that are
made up of just one type of atom. These are the
elements.
carbon
helium
copper
The elements are the simplest substances in the
universe.
The elements are the building blocks of all other
substances.
New Information for Learning
Outcome 1
carbon
bromine
silicon
copper
chlorine
uranium
mercury
krypton
New Information for Learning
Outcome 1
An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom.
Copper is an
element made up of
copper atoms only.
Carbon is an
element made up of
carbon atoms only.
Helium is an
element made up of
helium atoms only.
New Information for Learning
Outcome 1
• An element is a substance which
contains only one type of atom.
Atoms of an
element
However
• This does not mean that some
atoms do not join together.
• E.g. In hydrogen gas the atoms
always exists in groups of two.
Phosphorus atoms exist in groups of
four and so on.
A molecule is a group of
atoms that are joined
(bonded) together.
Molecules of an
element.
H H
H H
H
H
New Information for Learning
Outcome 1
Oxygen is an element made up oxygen atoms only.
How many atoms are there in an oxygen molecule?
Other elements, that contain atoms joined in molecules are
hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and bromine.
Learning Activities for
Outcome 1
Which of these represent element ?
Extension - say whether it is a solid, liquid or gas, try
to give an example.
B
A
E
F
C
G
D
Keywords:
Demonstrate your
Learning for Outcome 1
I am working at level ....
because ...........
Create (L8)
Evaluate (L7)
Judge Justify Defend
Decide Agree Value Prove
Check Criticise
Recommend Support Test
Create
Evaluate
Combine construct Develop
Imagine Design Change
Improve Discuss Create Invent
Suppose Put together Make up
Synthesise
Analyse (L6)
Apply (L5)
Use Build Execute
Develop Construct
Identify Plan Select Solve
Organise Apply Model
Analyse
Apply
Remember (L3)
Understand
Who What When Where
Why Which How Match
Define List Choose Name
Spell Tell Describe
Remember
20:23
Take apart Compare Classify
Examine List Distinguish
Simplify Theme Conclude
Motive Discover
Understand (L4)
Explain what when where how
Rephrase Demonstrate
Summarise Contrast Show
Predict Compare Clarify
Illustrate Categorise
Learning Outcome 1: Review
Go back to your Learning Outcome grid and fill out
the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column.
Learning Outcome
Explain each element is made
up of one type of atoms.
Level 5
How I did
Met?
Partly met?
Not met?
Targets
How can I improve
on Learning
Outcome 1?
New Information for Learning
Outcome 2
Atoms
Protons (+)
and neutrons
(0) are found
in the
nucleus
Electrons are
found in the
outer shell
New Information for Learning
Outcome 2
Metal Elements
Iron – Fe
Copper – Cu
Magnesium –Mg
Sodium - Na
Element – A substance containing only 1 type of atom.
Compound – Contains 2 or more types of atom chemically joined.
Mixture – Two or more types of atom chemically joined.
Non Metal Elements
Carbon - C
Sulphur - S
Nitrogen – N (N2 )
Oxygen – O (O2)
nucleus
electron
shell
neutron
proton
New Information for Learning
Outcome 2
Atoms are the “building blocks” of all matter. They are all
made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. They look
something like this:
The Nucleus – this
contains neutrons and
protons
Electrons – these orbit
around the nucleus
Learning Activities for
Outcome 2
• Draw a model of an atom of Helium
• Helium atom contains 2 electrons, 2
protons and 2 neutrons.
• Draw lithium, carbon, oxygen, sulphur,
chlorine, magnesium
Learning Outcome 2: Review
Go back to your Learning Outcome grid and fill out
the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column.
Lesson Outcomes
Explain the structure of an
atom.
Level 6
How I did
Met?
Partly met?
Not met?
Targets
How can I improve
on task 2?
Keywords:
Demonstrate your
Learning for Outcome 2
I am working at level ....
because ...........
Create (L8)
Evaluate (L7)
Judge Justify Defend
Decide Agree Value Prove
Check Criticise
Recommend Support Test
Create
Evaluate
Combine construct Develop
Imagine Design Change
Improve Discuss Create Invent
Suppose Put together Make up
Synthesise
Analyse (L6)
Apply (L5)
Use Build Execute
Develop Construct
Identify Plan Select Solve
Organise Apply Model
Analyse
Apply
Remember (L3)
Understand
Who What When Where
Why Which How Match
Define List Choose Name
Spell Tell Describe
Remember
20:23
Take apart Compare Classify
Examine List Distinguish
Simplify Theme Conclude
Motive Discover
Understand (L4)
Explain what when where how
Rephrase Demonstrate
Summarise Contrast Show
Predict Compare Clarify
Illustrate Categorise
New Information for Learning
Outcome 3
Scientists use a model to give a mental picture
of what is happening in their investigation.
A theory is an idea that explains observations
Any theory about particles must be able to
explain the differences between a solid, a
liquid and a gas.
New Information for Learning
Outcome 3
The particle model of matter describes:
how particles are arranged
how much energy particles have and how they move
In some matter the particles are held together by
forces of attraction.
Use the particle model to decide if the forces of
attraction are strong, weak or do not exist.
7G The particle model – Solids, liquids and gases
New Information for Learning
Outcome 3
The
particle
model
of a
solid
7G The particle model – Solids, liquids and gases
New Information for Learning
Outcome 3
The
particle
model
of a
liquid
7G The particle model – Solids, liquids and gases
New Information for Learning
Outcome 3
The
particle
model
of a
gas
7G The particle model – Solids, liquids and gases
New Information for Learning
Outcome 3
solid particles…
- are very close together in a fixed arrangement
- have a small amount of energy
- vibrate but do not move
liquid particles…
- are close together but have no fixed arrangement
- more energy than solid particles
- vibrate and can move about
gas particles
- are far apart and have no fixed arrangement
- have a large amount of energy
- move rapidly in all directions
7G The particle model – Changing state
New Information for Learning
Outcome 3
Water can be a solid, liquid or a gas.
Its state depends on how much energy
the water particles have.
ice
water
steam
If enough energy is added to or removed from the
particles a change of state can occur.
New Information for Learning
Outcome 3a
• Experiment
• Aim: Investigate the change in
temperature of ice when heated.
• Prediction:
• Method:
• Diagram and equipment:
• Results:
7G The particle model – Changing state
Learning Activities for
Outcome 3a
Match the change of state to the correct arrow on the diagram.
freezing
ice
condensing
water
melting evaporating
steam
What happens to the particles during each change of state?
CLUE: Think about their energy, their movement and the
distance between them.
Learning Activities for
Outcome 3a
• Task 3:
• Write a conclusion to explain your
findings during the investigation
and explain how a change in
energy affects the particles.
Learning Activities for
Outcome 3b
• Draw particle diagrams of the following elements
1.Helium (gas)
2.Mercury (liquid)
3.Copper (solid)
4.Oxygen (gas – it is diatomic)
• Extension
• If carbon is heated in a limited supply of air, carbon
monoxide is produced. Explain why you think this
might be a dangerous experiment to do in the
laboratory at school
Learning Activities for
Outcome 3b
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Look at these five words about particles.
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atom
molecule
element
compound mixture
Each word has a different meaning.
Match each word to its correct definition as stated
below.
A
contains different kinds of molecules.
B
the smallest particle in an element.
C
the smallest particle of a compound.
D
a substance that contains molecules made
from two or more different kinds of atom.
E
there are 92 of these occurring naturally in
nature. Each one consists of the same types of
atom.
Task 3: Review
Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out
the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column.
Lesson Outcomes
Lesson Outcome 3:
Knowledge of the particle
model to represent elements in
different states
Level 7
How I did
Met?
Partly met?
Not met?
Targets
How can I improve
on task 3?
Keywords:
Demonstrate your
Learning for Outcome 3
I am working at level ....
because ...........
Create (L8)
Evaluate (L7)
Judge Justify Defend
Decide Agree Value Prove
Check Criticise
Recommend Support Test
Create
Evaluate
Combine construct Develop
Imagine Design Change
Improve Discuss Create Invent
Suppose Put together Make up
Synthesise
Analyse (L6)
Apply (L5)
Use Build Execute
Develop Construct
Identify Plan Select Solve
Organise Apply Model
Analyse
Apply
Remember (L3)
Understand
Who What When Where
Why Which How Match
Define List Choose Name
Spell Tell Describe
Remember
20:23
Take apart Compare Classify
Examine List Distinguish
Simplify Theme Conclude
Motive Discover
Understand (L4)
Explain what when where how
Rephrase Demonstrate
Summarise Contrast Show
Predict Compare Clarify
Illustrate Categorise
Review for Remembering
• Stand up if you have met the lesson outcomes?
• If not what do you need to do next in order to
meet the outcome? Record this in your diary as
part of your homework.
• Is there any part of the lesson you think you
need to go over again next lesson?
• Tell the person next to you three things you have
learnt this lesson.
• How will you remember this for your exam?
Review for Remembering
True or false
• 1
• 2
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Every substance is an element
All elements are solids.
3 Elements cannot be broken down into anything
simpler.
4 An element contains only one type of atom.
5 Helium is an example of an element.
6 Air is a mixture of elements.
7 Atoms of an element cannot join together.
8 There are millions of elements present on earth.
9 Water is an example of an element.
10 A molecule is formed when a group of atoms
chemically join.
Extended Learning
Extended Learning task:
• Due date: next lesson
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Criteria for Level 5:
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Criteria for level 6:
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Criteria for level 7: