Transcript Household Bequests: Key Facts & Implications for Credit Unions

Health and Retirement Study in Asia
Conference on Chinese Healthy Aging and
Socioeconomics: International Perspectives
August 2004
Jinkook Lee, Ph.D.
Ohio State University
Today’s Agenda
Need for International Harmonization
Current Harmonization Efforts
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U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS)
English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
Survey of Health, Retirement, and Ageing in
Europe (SHARE)
Toward Harmonized Data on Ageing in Asia
Korean Panel Study of Ageing
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Need for International
Harmonization
Why harmonize?
Aging is one of the greatest social and economic
challenges of the 21st century in the world.
The projected growth in the numbers and proportions
of the world’s older population pose array of
challenges to policy makers.
Many countries are now in the early stages of
adapting to their changing population age structures.
Since current and perspective policy responses are
likely to differ among countries, a number of natural
experiments are, or shortly will be, under way,
enabling countries to learn from each other’s
experience.
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Why harmonize?
Therefore,
major scientific and policy gains would be possible if a
number of countries could be induced to embark on data
design and collection activities.
Advantages would arise from the confluence of several
factors:
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the differential rates of population aging throughout the world
provide a unique opportunity for countries to learn from each
other’s experiences;
the concomitant economic and social changes that are occurring
differently throughout the world.
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Why harmonize?
To benefit from the possibility of exploiting
institutional differences to understand the effects of
policy measures,
data collection efforts in different countries must be
harmonized
in the sense that conceptually comparable
information is collected, and
procedures (e.g., for sampling and quality control)
are synchronized to the extent possible.
However,
the harmonization does not imply that survey
protocols need to be identical in all countries.
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Current Harmonization Efforts
Current Harmonization
Efforts
With the goal of collecting data that are
strictly comparable to allow cross-country
research, the following three harmonized
projects have begun:
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The U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS)
The English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA)
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in
Europe (SHARE)
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Health and Retirement Study
(HRS)
This multi-disciplinary study began in 1990,
including subject matters of
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demographics, health, family structure, job history,
cognition, housing, income, and net worth.
HRS is intended to provide data for researchers,
policy analysts, and program planners
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who are making major policy decisions that affect
retirement, health insurance, saving and economic
well-being.
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Health and Retirement Study
(HRS)
HRS is supported
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by funding from National Institute on Aging
(NIA)/ National Institutes of Health (NIH)
with supplementary funding from:
 the Social Security Administration,
 the Department of Labor,
 the State of Florida Department of Elder Affairs,
 the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
at the Department of Health and Human Services.
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HRS: Study design
National panel study
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Initial sample of over 12,600 persons in 7,600
households
Over-samples of Hispanics, Blacks, and Florida
residents
Baseline:
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in-home, face-to-face in 1992 for the 1931-41 birth
cohort (and their spouses, if married, regardless of
age); and
in 1998 for newly added 1924-1930 and 1942-47
birth cohorts
Follow-ups by telephone every second year, with
proxy interviews after death
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HRS: Questionnaire topics
Health and cognitive conditions and status
Retirement plans and perspectives
Attitudes, preferences, expectations, and subjective
probabilities
Family structure and transfers
Employment status and job history
Job demands and requirements
Disability
Demographic background
Housing
Income and net worth
Health insurance and pension plans
Experimental modules
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English Longitudinal Study of
Aging (ELSA)
The aim of ELSA is
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to become an interdisciplinary data resource on
health, economic position and quality of life as people
age.
The survey cover the following topics:
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Health, disability, healthy life expectancy
The relationship between economic position and
health
The determinants of economic position in older age
The timing and circumstances of retirement and postretirement labour market activity
The nature of social networks, support and
participation
Household and family structure and the transfer of
resources.
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English Longitudinal Study of
Aging (ELSA)
Funding:
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Half of ELSA's initial five year budget has been
provided by the National Institute of Ageing in the US.
The second half of the budget has been provided by
UK Government Departments :
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Department of Health,
Department for Work and Pensions,
Office for National Statistics,
Department for Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs,
Department for Transport,
Local Government and the Regions,
Department for Education and Skills,
Department of Culture,Media and Sport and
HM Treasury.
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English Longitudinal Study of
Aging (ELSA)
Development Process:
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ELSA was launched in October 2000.
Designing of the survey questionnaire: January –
July, 2001
First Pilot Study: August 2001
Post pilot conference:October 2001
Second Pilot Study: November 2001
Interviewer Training: April 2002
Data Collection: April – September, 2002
The findings from the first wave of the survey
published in December 2003:
 Health, wealth and lifestyles of the older
population in England: THE 2002 ENGLISH
LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF AGEING
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Survey of Health, Ageing and
Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
SHARE aims to create, evaluate and analyze a
large-scale pan-European and interdisciplinary
household survey of respondents aged 50 and
over.
The collected data include:
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physical and mental health
social support networks
income and wealth
psychological variables
Face-to-face, computer-aided personal interviews
(CAPI), supplemented by a self-completion paper and
pencil questionnaire.
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Survey of Health, Ageing and
Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Funding:
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The European Commission provided the initial
funding for a prototype survey that demonstrates the
feasibility and usefulness of a large-scale crossnational and interdisciplinary survey in 2004.
AMANDA (Advanced Multidisciplinary Analysis of New
Data on Ageing), a second EU-sponsored project will
analyze these data, develop prototype indictors for
the well-being of the elderly, and perform behavioral
analyses.
Austria, Belgium and Switzerland are formally part of
SHARE but have their own funding as part of several
national projects.
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Survey of Health, Ageing and
Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Project participants:11 countries
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Scandinavia:
 Sweden, Denmark
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Western and Central Europe:
 France, Belgium, The Netherlands,
Germany, Switzerland, Austria
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Mediterranean:
 Spain, Italy, Greece
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Survey of Health, Ageing and
Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
SHARE follow a common set-up across
all countries with the goal of collecting
data that are strictly comparable to
allow cross-country research.
Hence, the most difficult tasks are:
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Take into account differences in language,
culture and institutions.
Develop country-specific feasible sample
designs, making use of suitable sampling
frames that are already available.
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Survey of Health, Ageing and
Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Development process
 Formation of team in January 2002
 Core management & each country team
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Initial Instrument development
 Iterating between questionnaire
development and preliminary data
collection.
 11 cross-national working groups designed
interview modules based on the US HRS,
the UK ELSA and other survey instruments.
 By June 2002, the 1st draft was completed,
and pilot tests were conducted over the
summer of 2002.
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Survey of Health, Ageing and
Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Development process
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The UK-Pilot
 The 2nd version of instrument is programmed using CAPTI,
and pilot-tested in U.K. during September 2002.
 At the end of the year 2002, the 3rd version of the Englishlanguage draft questionnaire was ready.
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The all-country pilot
 During the Spring of 2003, versions 4 of the questionnaire
were developed in the UK, US, Germany and Italy and
translated in all SHARE languages.
 In June/July 2003, the translated instruments (version 5)
were tested simultaneously in all SHARE languages in nine
SHARE countries, collecting data on some 600 individuals
from a quota sample.
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Survey of Health, Ageing and
Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Development process
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The random sample pretest
 After further refinements and improvements of
the questionnaire, version 8 was tested on a full
probability sample in all SHARE countries during
January and February of 2004.
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The main test survey
 For the main test, the optimized questionnaire
version 10 was used, along with a further
improved. This survey started mid April, and is
supposed to last until the end of September.
 An midterm meeting was held on the 23 of June,
in which experiences were changed and further
steps were decided.
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Toward Harmonized Data in Asia
HRS in Asia
Currently, there is a lack of comparable
data in Asia.
 A critical need to collect the
harmonized health and retirement data
in Asia.
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Korean Panel Study of Aging
Changing Demographics in
Korea
Korea is currently becoming an ageing society
at an unprecedentedly rapid rate.
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In 2002, Korea recorded the lowest level of birth
rate in the OECD countries.
The economically active population (aged 15 to
64) is expected to reach its peak in the late
2010's, and then start to decrease.
The total population also will start experiencing a
steady decrease from the early 2020's.
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Demographic changes in
Korea
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Ageing in Korea
While currently Korea has relatively young
population in OECD countries, it will have one
of the oldest, just behind Japan by 2050.
Low birth rate and rapid ageing will lead to
major changes in society and the economy.
A prompt response to a new population
structure is essential and urgent.
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Policy Initiative in Korea
The Government founded the Presidential
Committee on Ageing and Future Society in
February 2004.
The Mission is:
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To advise the President on mid and long-term
policies to predict and prepare for future society's
social and economic changes brought by low
birthrate and rapid ageing in Korea, thus
enhancing national competitiveness and quality of
people's lives
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Current Policy Directions
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New Initiative in Aging Study
In order to conduct mid and long-term
analysis, a nationally representative,
panel data on Aging is a must.
The Budget Ministry approved a budget
for collecting panel data on Aug, 2004.
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700 million Won per year (about $560,000)
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Panel Study of Aging in Korea
Project Leaders
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Dr. Jinkook Lee, Ohio State University
Dr. Soo Kyoung Hwang, Korean Labor Institute (KLI)
Project Team Members
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Economics: Dr. Hyungsoo Kim, University of Kentucky
Family Studies: Dr. Seonglim Lee, Seong Kyun Gwan
University
Health: Dr. Seokpyo Hong, Korean Institute of Health and
Social Affairs (KIHASA)
Research Methodology: Randall Olsen, Ohio State University
Sociology: Dr. Hanam Phang, KLI and University of Michigan
Social Work: Dr. Kyunghee Chung, KIHASA
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Panel Study of Aging in Korea
HRS Advisory Board
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Dr. James P. Smith, HRS, Rand Corporation
Dr. Robert Willis, HRS, University of Michigan
Dr. Axel Borsch-Supan, SHARE, University of Manheim
The Survey Instrument Review Board
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Dr. Gong Sook Hong, Consumer Sciences, Ohio State
University
Dr. Chulhee Lee, Economics, Seoul National University
Dr. Gyounghae Hahn, Family Studies, Seoul National
University
Dr. Hyunsook Yoon, Social Work, Hallym University
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