Transcript Cancer Treatment - Sveučilište u Zagrebu Medicinski fakultet

Cancer Treatment
th
Andrea Janeš
Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
Choice of Cancer Treatment
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Specific characteristics of cancer
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Patient’s overall condition
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Goals of treatment: cure
keep from spreading
relieve symptoms
Options
Surgery
 Chemotherapy
 Radiation therapy
 Hormonal therapy
 Targeted therapy
 Biological therapy
 Personalized Cancer Care
 Clinical Trials
 Stem Cell Transplantation
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Surgery
Used to:
 diagnose cancer (eg. biopsy)
 determine its stage
 treat cancer (eg. resection)
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Biopsy
Curative surgery
Cryosurgery
Debulking surgery
Electrosurgery
Laser surgery
Prophylactic surgery
Palliative surgery
Restorative or reconstructive surgery
Staging surgery
Radiation therapy
Local treatment
 High-energy rays
 May be externally or internally delivered
 Not useful in disseminated disease
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External Beam Radiation Therapy
(EBRT)
Via linear accelerators
 Delivered on an outpatient basis for
approximately 6 to 8 weeks
 Radiation from multiple directions
 Delivered specifically to an organ or
encompassing the surrounding area,
including lymph nodes
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Brachytherapy
Radioactive material placed directly into or
near the cancer
 Additional boost of radiation or the only
type of radiation therapy
 Permanent or
temporary
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Chemotherapy
Systemic treatment
 Single drugs or combinations of drugs
 Administered through a vein, injected into
a body cavity, or delivered orally in the
form of a pill
 Regimen/protocol
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Adjuvant therapy
 Neo-adjuvant therapy
 Concurrent therapy
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Side effects
Alopecia
 Fibrosis
 Mucositis
 Myelosuppresion
 Nausea and vomiting
 Pneumonitis
 Xerostomia
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Hormonal Therapy
Reduces the amount of hormone
circulating in the body
 Blocks the hormone receptors on cancer
cell membrane
 Drugs and/or removal of organs that
secrete hormones
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Targeted Therapy
Drugs that target a specific pathway in the
growth and development of a tumor
 The targets are various molecules in the
body that are known or suspected to play
a role in cancer formation
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Biological Therapy
Uses the body’s immune system to
facilitate the killing of cancer cells
 Interferon, interleukin, monoclonal
antibodies, colony stimulating factors
(cytokines), and vaccines
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Resources
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http://www.cancerconsultants.com/cancer
-treatment
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http://www.oncolink.org/treatment/index.
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