Transcript Models of the Solar System - Woodland Park School District

Historical Models of our Solar System
Miss Scillieri
6th Grade
Geocentric Model
• Geocentric-Earth is
center of our Solar
System
• Unexplained on how
planets appear to move
backwards
• Ptolemy- Was an
ancient Greek scientist
who theorized planets
and Sun move in small
circles around Earth
Heliocentric Model
• Sun is center of our
Solar System
• Nicholas Copernicus
was a Polish
astronomer, who
first suggest
heliocentric theory
and vaguely mapped
out the planets
orbiting the sun in a
circular orbit.
Galileo
• Supporter of Copernicus’s
Heliocentric theory
• Observed moons orbiting
Jupiter and theorized
objects can revolve around
other planets not just Earth
• Telescope was crude, he saw
only 4 of 63 moons of
Jupiter
• Galileo proved heliocentric
theory by observing the
moons of Jupiter. He was
placed under house arrest. If
he did not “denounce” or say
his science was a lie he would
face death.
Not a perfect circle…an ellipse
• Tycho Brahe- studied Solar
System and made very accurate
recordings of his observationsscientific method!
• Tycho’s assistant, Kepler, used
information for the details of
orbits, this complex math based
on observations would not be
published to after both men had
died.
• Using Brache’s data, scientist
Kepler found out that each planet
moves around the sun or is
“wheels on wheels” Simply put
each planet orbits the Sun in an
ELLIPTICAL orbit of a certain
size.
•
Sketch a geocentric model using the
Earth and Sun:
• Match the scientist to his contribution
__ Used a telescope to discovery moons of
Jupiter proving HELIOCENTRIC theory
___ Supported the GEOCENTRIC theory
and thought planets orbited in CIRLCES
___ Used complex math equations to prove
planets move in ellipses
•
Sketch a heliocentric model using the
Earth and Sun:
___ First person to theorize heliocentric
theory
A.
B.
C.
D.
Copernicus
Galileo
Kepler
Ptomely
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
1st Law - Law of Ellipses
Each planet orbits the sun in a path called an ellipse or elongated
circle
Ellipse is a closed curve whose path is determined by 2 points or
foci within the ellipse
Focus 1 is the Sun and Focus 2 is an imaginary point
Semi-major axis = average distance from sun (AU); ½ major axis
Eccentricity
• Degree of elongation
or shape of planet’s
orbit
• Ratio between the
foci and length of
major axis
• Circular =0
• Very elongated =1
2nd Law – Law of Equal Areas
• An imaginary line between the Sun and a planet
sweeps out equal areas in equal times as the
planet travels around the ellipse.
3rd Law – Law of Periods
• Mathematical
relationship P2 = a3
• a= semi-major axis
(planets average
distance from Sun
measured in AU’s)
• p= planet’s orbital
period (time)
Newton
• Used Kepler’s Laws of
planetary motion and
published Principia for
short. In this publication,
considered to be the
greatest piece of scientific
literature ever written.
•
Contains Newton’s laws
of motion including
universal gravitation.
Einstein (1879-1955)
• Changed Newton’s
gravitational theory based
on findings of Mercury’s
orbit.
• Developed Theory of
Relativity. It completely
changed the way we
study gravity and even
changed our
understanding of the
universe.
Kepler’s Laws Simulations
• Click
http://www.physics.sjsu.edu/tomley/kepler.html
Bibliography
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http://www.astro.umass.edu/~myun/teaching/a100/images/geocentric.jpg
http://www.physics.hku.hk/~nature/CD/regular_e/lectures/images/chap04/heliocentric.jpg
http://www.3villagecsd.k12.ny.us/wmhs/Departments/Math/OBrien/galileo5.jpg
http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/brahe.html
http://www.asu.cas.cz/~had/tycho.jpg
http://cseligman.com/text/history/ellipse2.jpg
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/the_universe/uts/kepler3_small.gif
http://library.thinkquest.org/27585/frameset_intro.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/relativ/imgrel/merc.gif
http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~soper/Orbits/eccentricity.gif
http://www.physics.hku.hk/~nature/CD/regular_e/lectures/images/chap04/geocentric.jpg
http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/cosmicengine/images/cosmoimg/keplerellipse.gif