Transcript The Yom Kippur War - Rancocas Valley Regional High School

THE ARAB-ISRAELI
CONFLICT
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvkI8pJJ
dEU (Waving Flag Freedom w/pixs 4:07)
Respond to the pictures seen on the video.
Basics
• Who: The Israelis and the Palestinians
• What: conflict over land (freedom, justice,
equality, rights, better living conditions,
economic issues, ability to educate youth)
• Where: Jerusalem, West Bank and the
Gaza Strip
Who is who????
• Israelis
• Palestinians
– Citizens of Israel
– Some live in the West
Bank
– Mostly Jewish
– Live in Gaza, West
Bank
– Some live in Israel
with limited rights
– Mostly Muslim
Jewish and Muslim------religion
Israeli and Palestinian-----nationality
Arab----ethnicity
Ancient Palestine
• Modern day Israel
• Home to the Jews and the Palestinians for
1,000s of years
• Diaspora- Roman Empire conquers area
causing Jewish exile from Palestine
• Palestinians remain
Zionism
• Jewish dream of returning to the ancestral
homeland in the region of Palestine (today
called Israel)
Jewish Immigration into Palestine
• 1914- 10% of Palestine is Jewish
• 1916- British take control of Palestine
• 1917- Balfour Declaration- British support
the “establishment in Palestine of a
National Home for the Jewish people”
– Palestinian Arabs not consulted
– Jewish immigration increases
Increasing Tensions
• 1936- Arab revolt
• British planned to divide Palestine into 2
states- one Jewish, one Arab
• Arabs forced to live in refugee settlements
• 2 states……………unsuccessful….
World War II and the Holocaust
• After WWII and the Holocaust thousands
of Jews fled from Europe to Palestine
• Jewish people wanted to create a Jewish
state in Palestine
• 1947- British turn to the UN
• Mid 1940s: 1,300,000 Palestinians;
600,000 Jews
United Nations
Intervenes
• UN partition of Palestine
– Jewish state (51%)
– Arab state (44%),
– UN administered international
zone of Jerusalem (5%)
– Jews rejoiced, Arabs
outraged….WHY?
1948- A BIG YEAR….PAY
ATTENTION!!!
• Jewish State- Israel 51%
• Arab State- Palestine 44%
• THE COUNTRY OF ISRAEL WAS ESTABLISHED
(1948)
• Next day, Arab states (Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon,
Egypt, and SA) attack Israel
• By the end of 1948- Israel captures additional Arab land
• Many Palestinians fled to the Gaza strip (Egypt) and the
West Bank (Jordan)
• Israel began occupying former Palestinian villages
• Palestinians demanded to return or be compensated for
lost land- Israel said they had rightfully won it.
1967 War
•
Israel vs. Arab States
•
Israel made a pre-emptive
strike and captured…
– The Gaza Strip & the Sinai
from Egypt
– The West Bank & East
Jerusalem from Jordan
•
Many Palestinians fled to
other Arab countries,
others remained in the
Gaza Strip and West Bank
The Yom Kippur War 1973
• Syria and Egypt surprised Israel on
Judaism’s Holiest day
• Why?- Take back land gained from the Six
Day War
The Intifadas
• Palestinians violently confront Israeli
forces- rock throwing, guns, hand
grenades
• Israel responded violently- demolishing
homes, arresting thousands of people
• 1st 3 years of intifada- 1000 Palestinians
died, 37,000 wounded; 56 Israelis killed
Martyrs
• Someone who sacrifices their life in order
to further a cause or belief for many
• http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/wideangle
/lessonplans/dyingto/index.html
Palestinian Responses
and
Recent Events
Palestine Liberation Organization
PLO
• Representative of the Palestinian people
• Desire: Two-state solution
Hamas
• Palestinian militant group
• Anti-Israel, anti-Semitic
• Calls for destruction of Israel and
creation of Palestine Islamic State in
Israel’s land
• Terrorist group
• As of January 2007, Hamas controls the
Gaza Strip
Camp David Accords
• Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and
Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on
September 17, 1978 at the White House
with President Jimmy Carter
• GOAL: Peace between Israel and Egypt
CURRENT
• Gaza Strip
– International territory controlled by the
Palestinians and Hamas
• West Bank
– Majority Palestinian
– Under Israeli military occupation since 1967
– Many Jewish settlements
– THE DISPUTED TERRITORY
Recent Events
• Peace attempts- 1978, 1993, 2001, 2010
• 2003 - Israeli Prime Minister begins to withdrawal from
the Gaza Strip.
• 2005- Israel out of Gaza
• 2008- On Dec. 24th, Hamas fired rockets into Israelcausing 1 death and much panic
– Dec. 27th Israel launched a counteroffensive- airstrikes in Gaza
leaving 195 dead and many wounded
– Hamas threatened more bombing and increased suicide
bombings- The “Third Intifada”
• 2010- Increased violence due to increased Jewish
settlement building in the West Bank (proposed
Palestinian territory)
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IE87ZbHGq4w (wall building
3:36)
Life for Palestinians
What is it really like?
Quick Review of the Conflict
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpP
6o7-beNc (Rachel Maddow show up to interview about 4:25)
Israeli Settlements in the West
Bank
• Relations between the Israeli government and the Obama
administration have become tense lately over the issue of growing
Israeli settlements in the West Bank. Nearly 300,000 Israelis now
live in such settlements, alongside some 2.5 million Palestinians.
The tense disputes over the settlements touch on religious and
historical claims, local and international laws, and, of course political
disagreements. The settlements range in size and permanence from
"wildcat" outposts made of plywood shacks to established cities of
tens of thousands. The international community views over 100 of
the settlements as illegal under international law. Despite calls from
the U.S. for a complete freeze on expansion, Israeli Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu said that, though Israel would not build any
new settlements and would dismantle unauthorized outposts, it
would still allow building within existing settlements to accommodate
"natural growth." Collected here are some scenes from West Bank
settlements over the past few months.
Palestinian Said Eid stands next to his house, not seen, as construction continues on a new housing
development in the Jewish neighborhood of Har Homa in east Jerusalem, background, Wednesday,
June 3, 2009.
The Jewish settlement of Har Homa at sunset in
east Jerusalem on June 3, 2009.
Jewish settlers build a makeshift synagogue in the unauthorised outpost of
Maoz Esther, near the Jewish settlement of Kokhav Hashahar, northeast of
the West Bank city of Ramallah June 4, 2009, after Israeli authorities
demolished similar structures at the outpost on Wednesday.
Israeli border police officers walk together after the demolition of the Maoz Esther
outpost (part of which is seen in background) near the Jewish settlement of Kokhav
Hashahar, northeast of the West Bank city of Ramallah May 21, 2009. Israeli police
broke up the unauthorized settler outpost in the occupied West Bank, bulldozing
seven makeshift cabins that day, police said.
A Palestinian man tries to put out a fire in Palestinian fields that were set by Jewish settlers outside the
village of Hawara and the Yitzhar settlement in the north of the occupied West Bank June 1, 2009.
Dust kicks up in a stone quarry owned by an Israeli company near the West Bank settlement of
Anatot, near Jerusalem on Wednesday, May 20, 2009. Israel has ordered a freeze on the
expansion of Israeli-run stone and gravel quarries in the West Bank and says it will examine
the legality of the industry, the Justice Ministry said on May 20th. The government's decision
was made in response to a petition file by the Yesh Din human rights group on behalf of West
Bank Palestinians who say their land is being illegally exploited.
Masked Jewish settlers from the Yitzhar settlement prepare to hurl stones towards Palestinian
stonethrowers on the outskirts of Hawara village, just south of Nablus, in the northern West Bank
on June 1, 2009. Jewish settlers rampaged in the West Bank, wounding four Palestinians, as they
vented fury that Israel may answer US calls and dismantle outposts in the territory, officials said.
A Palestinian shepherd sits with his sheep in front of a Jewish
settlement near Jerusalem known to Israelis as Har Homa and to
Palestinians as Jabal Abu Ghneim on June 14, 2009.
Israeli soldiers scuffle with Palestinian and foreign peace activists after they
erected a tent next to settlers who constructed an illegal outpost on a land owned
by Haddar Palestinian family, near the village of Yatta, southern the West Bank
city of Hebron, on June 6, 2009.
Video Clips
• Growing Up in Gaza
• Palestinian Parkour
• Gaza's Summer Escape
• 1967 Border Perspectives
SOLUTION??
1967 Borders
• 1967 Border Perspectives (Borders and Barriers)
(1) What areas do the Palestinians want to be part of their
country? (Gaza, West Bank, East Jerusalem)
(2) According to the UN, what should these new borders be
based on?
(3) According to President Obama, what should the border
be?
(4) Who currently controls the West Bank?
(5) Why won’t Israel agree to these borders?
(6) What other obstacle is there?
(7) Besides bases, what else does Israel have inside the
West Bank?
(8) Why is the Old City of Jerusalem problematic?