Transcript The Geographic Method

GLOBAL GEOGRAPHY 12
Globalization
Definition
 Globalization
is the increasing
interdependence, integration &
interaction among people and
corporations in various locations around
the world.
 Globalization
refers to rapid increase in
the share of economic activity taking
place across national borders.
Types of Globalization
1.
Economic
Countries that trade with many others and have few trade barriers are
economically globalized.
The difference Between Competing Internationally & Competing
Globally
A company will start to compete internationally by entering just
one or maybe a select few foreign markets. Competing on a truly
global scale comes later, after a company has established
operations on several continents & is racing against rivals for global
market leadership.
Types of Globalization
2. Social
A measure of how easily information and ideas pass between
people in their own country and between different countries
(includes access to internet and social media networks)
Language, Customs, Religion, Values, Role of women, etc.
3. Political
The amount of political co-operation there is between countries
Factors to consider:
The political stability of the nation. Is it a democracy, communist, or
dictatorial regime?
Monetary regulations. Will the seller be paid in a currency that they
value or will payments only be accepted in the host nation currency?
Causes of Globalization
1. Improved
Communications
(Internet, email, mobile phones)
2. Improved Transport
(development of refrigerated containers,
allows mass movement of good throughout the
world)
3. Free Trade Agreements
(MNC promote global free trade as a way of increasing their
wealth)
4. Global Banking
(Modern technologies allow vast amounts of money to flow freely
and instantly around the world)
5. Growth of MNC’s (Multi National Corporations)
(Rapid growth of MNS such as McDonalds and Nike)
The Effects of Globalization
1. Changed Food Supply

Food supply is no longer tied to the seasons. We
can buy food anywhere in the world at any time
of the year.
The Effects of Globalization
2. Division of Labour

Because MNC’s search for the cheapest locations
to manufacture and assemble components,
production processes may be moved from
developed to developing countries where costs
are lower.
The Effects of Globalization
3. Less Job Security

In the global economy jobs are becoming more
temporary and insecure.

A survey of American workers showed that
people now hold 7 to 10 jobs over their working
life.
The Effects of Globalization
4. Damage to the Environment

More trade means more transport which uses
more fossil fuels and causes pollution.

Climate change is a serious threat to our future.
The Effects of Globalization
5. Cultural Impact

Websites such as YouTube connect people across
the planet. As the world becomes more unified,
diverse cultures are being ignored. MNC’s can
create a monoculture as they remove local
competition and thereby force local firms to
close.
The Effects of Globalization
6. Increase in anti-Globalization protests

There is a growing awareness of the negative
impacts of globalization. People have begun to
realize that globalization can be challenged by
communities supporting each other in business
and society and through public protest and
political lobbying.