Transcript CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM)

CLEAN
DEVELOPMENT
MECHANISM
ORIGINS
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Original idea presented by Brazil.
Adopted as a position of the G77 + China.
Negotiations began on the margins at Kyoto.
Small group convened by Brazil; AOSIS
represented by Evans King of T&T.
As interest increased, requested by Head of
Brazilian delegation to Co-Chair the negotiations
on the development of Art 12.
OBJECTIVES
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assist Parties not included in Annex I to the
Convention in achieving sustainable development
and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the
Convention; and
 assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving
compliance with their quantified emission
limitation and reduction commitments under
Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol
PRIMARY ROLE
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Projects, funded by entities in Annex I
countries and hosted in non-annex I
countries, which lead to the transfer of
environmentally safe and sound technology
and know-how in addition to that required
under Article 4, paragraph 5, of the
Convention and Article 10 of the Kyoto
Protocol.
CAVEATS
host country’s prerogative to confirm whether a
project activity assists it in achieving sustainable
development;
 Annex I entity should refrain from using certified
emission reductions generated from nuclear
facilities to meet their commitments under Article
3, paragraph 1;
 need to promote equitable geographic distribution
of project activities at regional and subregional
levels.
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GOVERNANCE
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Executive Board supervises the CDM, under the
authority and guidance of the COP/MOP, and is
fully accountable to the COP/MOP;
ten members and ten alternates: one
member/alternate from each of the five United
Nations regional groups;
two members/alternates from the Parties included
in Annex I;
two members/alternates from the Parties not
included in Annex I; and
one member/alternate from SIDS.
GOVERNANCE (contd)
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elects its own chair and vice-chair, with one being
a member from a Party included in Annex I and
the other being from a Party not included in Annex
I. The positions of chair and vice-chair alternate
annually between members from Parties included
in Annex I and Parties not included in Annex I,
respectively.
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should meet at least three times a year. However,
eight (8) meetings are planned for 2002.
CURRENT MEMBERSHIP
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Africa:
Member: John Kilani, South Africa, 3years
Alternate: Ndiaye Cheikh Sylla, Senegal
Asia:
Member: M. Reza Salamat, Iran, 3 years
Alternate: Chow Kok Kee, Malaysia
CURRENT MEMBERSHIP
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Eastern Europe:
Member: Oleg Pluzhnikov, Russian Fed. 2 yrs
Alternate: Marina Shvangiradze, Georgia
GRULAC:
Member: Gylvan Meira Filho, Brazil, 3 yrs
Alternate: Eduardo Sanhueza, Chile
CURRENT MEMBERSHIP
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WEOG:
Member: Jean-Jacques Becker, France, 3 yrs
Alternate: Martin Enderlin, Switzerland
AOSIS:
Member: John W. Ashe, Antigua/Barbuda, 2yrs
Alternate: Tuiloma Neroni Slade, Samoa
CURRENT MEMBERSHIP
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Non-Annex I:
Member: Franz Tattenbach, Costa Rica, 2 yrs
Alternate: Adulmushsen Al-Sunaid, Saudi Arabia
Member: Abdelhay Zerouali, Morocco, 2 yrs
Alternate: Xuedu Lu, China
CURRENT MEMBERSHIP
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Annex I:
Member: Sozaburo Okamatsu, Japan, 3yrs
Alternate: Sushma Gera, Canada
Member: Hans-Juergen Stehr, Denmark,
2yrs
Alternate: Georg Bosrsting, Norway
MEMBERSHIP CRITERIA
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be nominated by one of the relevant constituencies
identified above and elected by the COP/MOP.
Vacancies shall be filled in the same way;
 be elected for a period of two years and be eligible
to serve a maximum of two consecutive terms.
Terms as alternate members do not count.
Members, and alternate members, shall remain
in office until their successors are elected;
 possess appropriate technical and/or policy
expertise and shall act in their personal capacity;
MEMBERSHIP CRITERIA
(contd)
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be bound by the rules of procedure of the
executive board;
 take a written oath of service witnessed by the
Secretary-General of the United Nations or his/her
authorized representative before assuming his or
her duties;
 have no pecuniary or financial interest in any
aspect of a CDM project activity or any designated
operational entity; and
MEMBERSHIP CRITERIA
(contd)
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not disclose any confidential or proprietary
information coming to their knowledge by reason
of their duties for the executive board. The duty of
the member, including alternate member, not to
disclose confidential information constitutes an
obligation in respect of that member, and alternate
member, and shall remain an obligation after the
expiration or termination of that member’s
function for the executive board.
FUNCTIONS
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make recommendations to the COP/MOP
on further modalities and procedures for the
CDM, as appropriate;
 make recommendations to the COP/MOP
on any amendments or additions to rules of
procedure for the executive board;
 report on its activities to each session of the
COP/MOP;
FUNCTIONS (contd)
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approve new methodologies related to, inter
alia, baselines, monitoring plans and project
boundaries;
 review provisions with regard to simplified
modalities, procedures and the definitions
of small scale project activities and make
recommendations to the COP/MOP;
FUNCTIONS (contd)
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be responsible for the accreditation of operational
entities, in accordance with accreditation standards
and make recommendations to the COP/MOP for
the designation of operational entities;
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review the accreditation standards in Appendix A
below and make recommendations to COP/MOP
for consideration;
FUNCTIONS (contd)
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report to the COP/MOP on the regional/
subregional distribution of project activities with a
view to identifying systematic or systemic barriers
to their equitable distribution; and
 make publicly available relevant information,
submitted to it for this purpose, on proposed
project activities in need of funding and on
investors seeking opportunities, in order to assist
in arranging funding of CDM project activities.
WORK PROGRAM (2002)
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develop and agree on rules of procedure and
recommend them to the Conference of the
Parties for adoption;
 accredit operational entities and designate
them, on a provisional basis, pending the
designation by the Conference of the Parties
at its eighth session; and
WORK PROGRAM (contd)
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develop and recommend to the Conference of the
Parties, at its eighth session, simplified modalities
and procedures for the following small-scale
project activities:
(i) Renewable energy project activities with a
maximum output capacity equivalent of up to 15
megawatts (or an appropriate equivalent);
WORK PROGRAM (contd)
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(ii) Energy efficiency improvement project
activities which reduce energy consumption, on
the supply and/or demand side, by up to the
equivalent of 15 gigawatthours per year;
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(iii) Other project activities that both reduce
anthropogenic emissions by sources and that
directly emit less than 15 kilotonnes of carbon
dioxide equivalent annually.
BENEFITS TO SIDS/LDCs
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funding to build capacity for participation in the
CDM;
 as countries which are particularly vulnerable to
the adverse effects of climate change, will have
priority for funding from the “share of proceeds”
to meet the costs of adaptation (set at two per cent
(2%) of the CERs issued for each CDM project
activity); and
 CDM project activities in LDCs exempt from the
share of proceeds.
SPECIFIC BENEFITS
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SIDS/LDCs WILL GET FUNDING THROUGH
THE ADAPTATION FUND to:
implement adaptation activities promptly where
sufficient information is available to warrant such
activities, inter alia, in the areas of water
resources management, land management,
agriculture, health, infrastructure development,
fragile ecosystems, including mountainous
ecosystems, and integrated coastal zone
management;
SPECIFIC BENEFITS
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improving the monitoring of diseases and vectors
affected by climate change, and related forecasting
and early-warning systems, and in this context
improving disease control and prevention;
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support capacity-building, including institutional
capacity, for preventive measures, planning,
preparedness and management of disasters relating
to climate change, including contingency
planning, in particular, for droughts and floods in
areas prone to extreme weather events;
SPECIFIC BENEFITS
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strengthen existing and, where needed,
establishing national and regional centres
and information networks for rapid response
to extreme weather events, utilizing
information technology as much as
possible.