Transcript Document

A New Government
I. Enlightenment
A. Know definition; problems solved through
reason and science(
).
B. Intellectual movement that started in
Europe during the 18th C.
1.stressed the power of human reason to
promote progress by revealing the laws
that govern both nature and society
a. example: discovery of gravity
C. Enlightenment placed a premium on “useful”
knowledge-1.knowledge that could improve the
condition of humanity
D. Enlightenment characterized by:
1.scientific inquiries
a.medical procedures
b.Telescope
c.lightning rod
2.colleges in the colonies
E. Enlightenment directly contradicts
the ideas taught by religion and the
Great Awakening
1.How?:
F. American Revolution, Declaration of
Independence, and Constitution are
products of the Enlightenment
II. Articles of Confederation(
)
A.”thrown together” form of government that
was put in place during the revolution to
fight Great Britain
B.attempted to create a national government
to unite 13 VERY DIFFERENT colonies
1. DIFFERENCES:
III. Guidelines of the Articles (Graphic,p. 188)
A.Congressional powers
1.conduct foreign affairs
2.
3.
4.
5.
B.WEAK national government
1.no executive branch(
2.no national court (
3.
4.
)
)
IV.Robert Morris and the National Treasury
A. Read about Mr. Morris in book
B. Because of weakness, states began printing
own money.
Why problem?
1.
2.
3.
V. Northwest Ordinance of 1787
A. Only important achievement of the A of C.
B. Three-step process for territories to
become states:
1. For each territory, Congress appointed
governor, secretary, and 3 judges
2. Population reaches 5000 FREE MALES,
people elect legislature and a non-voting
delegate to Congress
3. Population reaches 60000 FREE MALES,
territory can apply for statehood
C. Northwest Territory
1. Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, &
Wisconsin
2. Townships
D. Promises made by U.S. government
1.utmost good faith shall always be observed
towards the Indians
2.Indians’ land never be taken without their
consent
3.”There shall never be slavery in the
territory”
E. Ordinance (p. 190-191) also set aside land
in each township for schools and churches.
Why?
1. Schools =
2. Churches =
1
VI. Articles of Confederation needed MUSCLE!
A. states regularly ignored laws of Congress
1. Shays’s Rebellion (pg. 196):
B.ALL states had to agree unanimously on any
change of the original articles
C. Congress authorized a convention to meet in
Philadelphia in May 1787 to consider all the
defects of the Articles of Confederation
1. Meeting leads to…
The
Constitutional
Convention
I.People of the Convention:
“an assembly of demigods”
A.James Madison
1.First delegate to reach Philadelphia
2.Virginia Plan was mostly his ideas
3.very important man in getting the
Constitution written and ratified
B.George Washington
1.most highly respected American of his time
2.his participation in the convention
added dignity to the proceedings
3.president of the convention
C.Ben Franklin
1.”elder statesman of the country”
2. chair and quote from pg. 198-- “rising
sun”
D.Thomas Jefferson and John Adams
1.were absent during the convention
2.serving as ambassadors overseas
E. George Mason
1. refused to sign because lack of Bill of
Rights
F. Patrick Henry (
)
1.refused to attend because did not want to
weaken states power by strengthening federal
government
II. Proposing a new Government
A. Used history for guidance:
B. Found they were doing something completely
new: A Federal Government with power based on
the consent of the governed
C. The Virginia Plan: “
“
1. Two House Legislature
a.Give house seats based on total
population per state
D. The New Jersey Plan: “
“
1. Counter-plan proposed after Virginia
Plan
2. One house Legislature
a. Each state with equal representation
b. Similar to A of C, but Congress
could tax
E. The Connecticut Compromise
1. Settled debate over Legislature:
a. Equal vote in the upper house,
proportional in the lower
2. Slaves equal 3/5ths of a person
F. Debate over the executive(
)
1. Settled at 4 year terms with unlimited
reelection opportunities
G. The Judiciary
1. A federal court with the ability to
examine state ruling
2. Constitution would be a binding law for
all states
Thoughts on the New Government
Democracy... while it lasts is more bloody than either
aristocracy or monarchy. Remember, democracy
never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts, and
murders itself. There was never a democracy that did
not commit suicide.
-John Adams
I wish the Constitution which is offered, had been made
more perfect; but I sincerely believe I is the best that
could be obtained at this time. And as a constitutional
door is opened for amendment hereafter, the adoption
of it, under the present circumstances of the Union, is
in my opinion desirable.
-George Washington
Ratification Debate
I. T-Chart
Anti-federalists
Federalists
II. Graphic Overview of Ratification
Debate
Federalists
Power Balance
Finance
General Concerns
Anti-federalists
III. Ratification
A.Federalists needed only the support of 9 of
the 13 states
1.Constitution Ratified on June 21, 1788
a. N. Hampshire
B.Even though Antifederalists lost, they won
support for a bill of rights
IV.Bill of Rights
Problem
Solution
Result
A.Federalists added amendments to the
Constitution that gained support and
guaranteed a person’s rights
B.12 amendments were sent to the states, 10
were ratified
1.first 10 amendments =
V.Government created by Constitutional Convention
in 1787 has worked for over 200 years
A. Longest lasting constitution in the world
B. wise authors made Constitution both strong
and flexible
1.Flexible:
C.Constitution is often called a “Living
Document”
1. Elastic Clause:
2.
3. Supreme Court reads Constitution for
us legally
End of Classroom Notes in Notebook
The following slides help organize information
covered on worksheets and Constitution Packet
I. Preamble to the Constitution
We the people of the United States,
in order to form a more perfect
Union,establish justice,insure
domestic tranquility,provide for the
common defense,promote the general
welfare, and secure the blessings of
liberty to ourselves and our
posterity, do ordain and establish
this Constitution for the United
States of America.
II. Separation of Powers
A. Designed to be Deliberately
Ineffective
B. Reason?
-Prevent majority from ruling with
absolute power
C. Created a system called
Checks and Balances:
III. The Legislative Branch (
)
A. Requirements
1. House of Representatives
a. Must be at least 25 years old
b. citizen for 7 years
c. Serve a two year term
2. Senate
a. Must be at least 30 years old
b. citizen for 9 years
c. Serve a six year term
d. Staggered Elections so that 1/3 of the
senators go up for reelection every two years
B. Job: Make laws and control government spending
1. Power to impeach President
2. Ratify treaties
3. Confirm Presidential appointments
C. Passing a Bill
IV. The Executive Branch (
)
Consists of President, VP, and Agencies (
)
A. Requirements to be President
1. Citizen of the United States by birth
2. At least 35 years old
3. Resident of the United States for at least
14 years
4. Four year term (limit of 2 terms)
B. Job of the President
1. Chief Executive:
2. Chief Diplomat:
3. Commander in Chief:
4. Chief of State:
5. Legislative Leader:
C. Job of the Vice President
1. Replacement:
2. President of the Senate:
V. The Judicial Branch (
)
A. Requirements
1. Judges serve no fixed term
B. Article III is Vague
1. Gives congress the right to decide how the
court system will be set up
2. Even the number of Supreme Court Justices
is left to Congress
State District Court
U.S. Court of Appeals
State Supreme Court
U.S. District Courts
State Court of Appeals
U.S. Supreme Court
VI. ARTICLE IV (
)
A. Citizens of each state are treated equally
B. Adding New States
1. Congress has the power to make new states
2. No “breakaway” states without the legitimate
state agreeing
C. Every state will have a Republican (
) form
of government
VII. Article V (
)
A. Two Parts to the Amendment Process:
1.
2.
B. Four Ways to Amend the Constitution
Proposal
Ratification
1.
Congress
state legislatures
2.
Congress
state conventions
3. 2/3s of states
state conventions
4. 2/3s of states
state legislatures
VIII. ARTICLE VI (
)
A.The Constitution is “the Supreme Law of the Land”
B.All federal and state officials take oaths to
support the Constitution
C.There will be no religious test for gov’t jobs
IX. ARTICLE VII (
)
A.The Constution must be approved by a minimum of
nine states
Bill of Rights:
1st Amendment
-Religion
-Speech
-Press
-Assembly
2nd Amendment
-Because a militia is necessary for security, people
may bear arms (
)
4th Amendment
-No unreasonable search and seizure
5th Amendment
-Rights of Accused Persons
6th Amendment
-Fair, Speedy Trial
9th Amendment
-Says that people have additional rights that have
not been listed here
10th Amendment
-Powers not listed in the Const are given to the states
Other Important Amendments
12th
Amendment
-Election of President and Vice President separately
13th Amendment
-Abolition of (ended) Slavery
14th Amendment
-Protects rights of citizen of any state
15th Amendment
-Right to vote (can’t be taken away based on race)
19th Amendment
-Gave women the right to vote
18th-21st Amendments
-Prohibition started (18th) and ended (21st)
22nd Amendment
-Limit on presidential terms
26th Amendment
-All Americans 18 or older have the right to vote
What are the main topics of each of the seven Articles of the
Constitution?
What branches of government are created by the Constitution?
Provide some examples of how each branch has power over another branch.
How can Congress remove the President from office?
List some of the powers that belong to the federal government only.
What is the longest time a President elected today can stay in office?
How long to members of the House of Representatives serve? Senators?
How old do you have to be to be a Representative? A Senator? A federal
judge?
How old do you have to be to be a federal judge?
How old do you have to be to be President? Vice President?
Explain "habeas corpus."
Explain what an ex post facto law is.
Explain "bill of attainder."
How many states had to ratify the Constitution to put it into effect?
How many states have to ratify an amendment to make it part of the
Constitution?