Transcript Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy

“Our manifest destiny is to overspread the continent allotted by
Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions”
- John L. O’Sullivan, 1845
MANIFEST DESTINY
AND ITS LEGACY
ELECTION OF 1836
WHIGS VS. WHIGS
Four Whig candidates,
including William Henry
Harrison
 One Democratic – Martin
van Buren
1. Who won?
2. Why?
 Refused to act during Panic
of 1837
 Against government
interference
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MANIFEST DESTINY: A CARICATURE
The
spirit of Manifest Destiny swept the nation in the 1840s, and threatened to sweep it to
extremes. This cartoon from 1848 lampoons proslavery Democratic presidential candidate Lewis
Cass as a veritable war machine, bent on the conquest of territory ranging from New Mexico to
Cuba and even Peru.
3. What generalization can we make about Cass from this cartoon?
WESTWARD THE COURSE OF EMPIRE TAKES ITS WAY
This
romantic tribute to the spirit of Manifest Destiny was commissioned by Congress in
1860 and may still be seen in the Capitol.
4. Describe the “American characters” you see in this painting.
THE LAND OF
LIBERTY, 1847
This
British cartoon
reflected the
contemptuous view of
American culture, politics,
and diplomacy that was
common in earlynineteenth-century
Britain.
5. Who is the main
character representing?
MAINE BOUNDARY SETTLEMENT, 1842
WHERE IS AROOSTOCK?
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6. When does Maine gain
statehood from
Massachusetts? (1820)
Surveyors attempt to
establish northern
boundary, not made clear
after Am. Rev.
Agreement not accepted by
US
CAPTURE OF THE CAROLINE, 1837
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7. Uprising in Canada
against whose rule was
supported by Americans?
Caroline used to transport
munitions.
British force from Canada
captured Caroline, towed
into river and set on fire.
One American killed
AMERICANS RESPOND
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Maine vs. New Brunswick for
productive timber lands
Americans organize raids
against Canada
8. President Van Buren sends
what general to restore
order at border?
 Later Alexander McLeod,
Canadian, bragged about
killing Amos Durfee
 Arrested and tried for
murder
 Britain demanded release
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Old Fuss and Feathers
AROOSTOOK WAR FIGHTING SONG
(TUNE: AULD LANG SYNE)
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We are marching on to
Madawask,
To fight the trespassers;
We'll teach the British how to
walk
And come off conquerors.
We'll have our land, right good
and clear,
For all the English say;
They shall not cut another log,
Nor stay another day.
They need not think to have our
land,
We Yankees can fight well;
We've whipped them twice most
manfully,
As every child can tell.
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And if the tyrants say one word,
A third time we will show,
How high the Yankee spirit runs,
And what our guns can do.
They better much all stay at home,
And mind their business there;
The way we treated them before,
Made all the nations stare.
Onward! My lads so brave and true
Our country's right demands
With justice, and with glory fight,
For these Aroostook lands!
Bangor, Feb. 21, 1839
“AROOSTOOK WAR”
1838-1839
Van Buren arranges truce and
begins negotiations
9. What was the name of the treaty
which ended this conflict in 1842?
 Daniel Webster, Secy of State
 Baron Ashburton, England
 US acquired 7/12 of the territory
and right to carry timber down St.
John’s River
 England kept Quebec Highlands
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10. Who became president
in the Election of 1840?
Dies after one month.
First time Constitution used
to replace acting president.
Tyler had himself sworn in,
seizing the moment.
Veto of two bills to recreate
Bank of US led to House
resolution for impeachment.
Defeated
Cabinet resigned, exc.
Webster
JOHN TYLER
“HIS ACCIDENCY”
“DARK HORSE” POLK
STRONG SUPPORT FOR MANIFEST DESTINY
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Democrats divided
Polk suggested on ninth
ballot as compromise
Goals
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Lower tariff
Restore independent
treasury
Acquire California
Settle Oregon dispute
Bring Texas into US
Telegraph used to announce Polk’s nomination as president.
Laid cornerstone of Washington Monument
ST. LOUIS IN 1846, BY HENRY LEWIS
Thousands
of pioneers like these pulling away from St. Louis said farewell
to civilization as they left the Mississippi River and headed across the
untracked plains to Oregon in the 1840s.
11. What are the methods of transportation shown in this painting?
CALIFORNIA INDIANS DANCING AT THE
MISSION IN SAN JOSÉ, BY SYKES,1806
MISSION SAN GABRIEL, FOUNDED IN 1771
SPANISH
MISSIONS AND
PRESIDIOS
12. Why did the
Mexican
government
establish the
system of missions
in these locations?
THE OREGON
CONTROVERSY,
1846
•Spanish claim ended with Louisiana
Purchase
•13. 1824 treaty with Czar Alexander of
___________ set Russian claims above
54’ 40”
•14. Oregon Treaty of 1846 with Britain
established which parallel as boundary?
FORT VANCOUVER, OREGON COUNTRY, CA. 1846
Fort
Vancouver, on the Columbia River near its confluence with the Willamette River, was
the economic hub of the Oregon Country during the early years of settlement.
 Founded as a Hudson’s Bay Company fur-trading outpost, the fort was handed over to the
Americans when Britain ceded the Oregon Country to the United States in 1846.
15. What 4 countries originally claimed Oregon Territory?
PUNDT AND KOENIG’S GENERAL STORE,
OMAHA CITY, NEBRASKA, 1858
Settlers
bound for Colorado and California stopped here for provisions before
venturing farther west across the open plains.
16. What are five supplies a homesteader would take west?
THE LANDOWNER AND HIS FOREMAN, BY JULIO MICHARD,
1839
This
California ranchero’s way of life was soon to be extinguished when
California became part of the United States in 1848 and thousands of American
gold-seekers rushed into the state the following year.
17. Who discovered gold in California in 1848?
TEXAS REVOLUTION
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18. In 1835 – Texas
declared independence
from ______?
Catholic restrictions
No slavery
American roots
REMEMBER THE ALAMO!
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Spanish mission
February 1836, 187 Texans
Commanded by Colonel William
Barrett Travis
4000 Mexican troops led by General
Antonio López de Santa Anna
Mexican artillery punched holes in
The Alamo’s thick walls on March 6.
19. Hand-to-hand fighting followed,
all the Texans, including
___________ and ____________,
were killed.
BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO
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Last battle of the Texan war of
independence
20. Texan commander General
__________made a surprise
attack on the Mexican army
near the mouth of the San
Jacinto River.
Houston's outnumbered army of
800 defeated the Mexican force
of about 1300 men in less than
20 minutes.
Nearly all of Santa Anna's men
were either killed or captured.
LONE STAR REPUBLIC
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Santa Anna signed a treaty that granted Texans their
independence and ended the war.
Houston became the first president of the Republic of Texas.
21. What name was given to the independent nation of
Texas?
ELECTION BRINGS POLK TO PRESIDENCY
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22. The last act of Polk's predecessor, ___________, had been to annex the
Republic of Texas in 1845.
Polk wanted to lay claim to California, New Mexico, and land near the disputed
southern border of Texas.
Mexico, however, was not so eager to let go of these territories.
MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR
1846 - 1848
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California settlers revolt
Led by John C. Fremont
23. Establish what independent nation?
One month later US naval forces arrive and ordered US flag raised
24. Gen. ____________, commander Army of the West, sent to
California to drive out Mexicans
Mexico was not defeated until troops under General Scott
invaded Mexico City
AMERICAN BLOOD ON AMERICAN? SOIL
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25. Gen. ___________was ordered
to the Río Grande River to enforce
the border
Mexico held that the boundary was
the Nueces River
Considered Taylor’s advance a
threat
Mexico sent troops across the Río
Grande.
Congress responded by declaring
war on Mexico on May 13, 1846.
MAJOR CAMPAIGNS OF THE MEXICAN WAR
26. Who were 3 generals who led troops for the US during this war?
27. Who was the primary general who led the Mexican army?
WAR NEWS FROM
MEXICO, BY
RICHARD CATON
WOODVILLE
The
28. What do you see in this
painting which depicts the
contradictions of American life at
this time?
newfangled
telegraph kept the
nation closely
informed of events in
far-off Mexico.
AFTER 5 DAY SIEGE,
SCOTT’S TROOPS STORM CASTLE WITH PICKAXES AND
CROWBARS.
SIX CADETS FROM NATIONAL MILITARY ACADEMY DIE IN
FIGHTING.
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Battle of Chapultepec Castle
The
STORMING THE FORTRESS OF CHAPULTEPEC, MEXICO,
1847
American success at Chapultepec contributed heavily to the final victory over Mexico. One American
commander lined up several Irish American deserters on a gallows facing the castle and melodramatically dropped
the trapdoors beneath them just as the United States flag was raised over the captured battlement.
29. According to legend, the flag was raised by First Lieutenant George Pickett, later immortalized as the leader
of “Pickett’s charge” in what war?
TEXAS RANGERS
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Formed at start of Texas Revolution to protect AngloAmericans from attacks by Comanche and Apache
Also acted as scouts for U.S. troops.
TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO
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30. Signed in ______
Mexico gave up claims
to Texas
United States received
Mexican Cession
Became states of
California, Nevada, and
Utah, and parts of
Colorado, Arizona, New
Mexico, and Wyoming
Also paid Mexico $15
million and agreed to
settle all legal claims of
U.S. citizens against
Mexico.
RISE OF US AS GLOBAL MILITARY
POWER
First war fought
outside US
borders