Transcript Medicina u starom Egiptu

Medicine in the Ancient
Egypt
Geographic position
Historical cross section
Old Kingdom
2700 b.C. – 2200
b.C.
Middle Kingdom
2050. b.C. – 1800.
b.C.
New Kingdom
1570. b.C. - 1090
b.C.
Ptolemaic Dynasty
332. b.C. - 30 b.C.
3rd i 4th Dynasty
Great pyramids
12th Dynasty
18th Dynasty – Hatshepsut, Tutmosis IV, Akhenaten,
Tutankhamun
XIX. i XX. - dinastija – Ramses II, Ramses III
Alexander the Great, Ptolemies, Cleopatra VII
Historical cross section
Old Kingdom
2700 b.C. – 2200
b.C.
Middle Kingdom
2050. b.C. – 1800.
b.C.
New Kingdom
1570. b.C. - 1090
b.C.
Ptolemaic Dynasty
332. b.C. - 30 b.C.
The first physician
• Around 2650 b.C.
• Imhotep – King
Djoser’s Chancellor
• Chancellor of the King of Lower
Egypt, First in line after the King
of Upper Egypt, Administrator of
the Great Palace, Hereditary
nobleman, High Priest of
Heliopolis, Builder, Chief
Carpenter, Chief Sculptor and
Maker of Vases in Chief
• Later he was deificated
Reliefs
• Around 2550. b.C. –
the “nose” doctor has
cured the pharaoh,
who was suffering
from upper
respiratory tract
disease
• End of the third
millenium b.C. –
circumcision
Medical Papyri
• 19th century b.C.
Kahun Gynecological
Papyrus
• 17th century b.C.
Edwin Smith papyrus
• 16th century b.C.
Ebers papyrus
Hears papyrus
• Berlin papyrus
• London papyrus
Archeology
• 14 century b.C.
• Akhen Aten (Horizon of the
Aten) – the new capital
• Built as the “green town”
with many parks and
gardens
• Sewer system – through
the middle of the city ran a
canal
State archive
• First in Egypt
• Clay plates written in
Acadian
• King of Mitanni sent
to cure to
Amenophis III the
picture of godess
Ishtar
Homeric epic poems
• around 800 b.C.
• Homer mentioned
medicinal plants
from Egypt
• Potion of oblivion probably extracts of
poppy
Herodotus
• around 450 b.C.
• specialties - for eyes,
teeth, stomach, internal
diseases, anus
• nets are protecting them
from mosquitos
• food – fish and broad
bean are forbidden
Diseases
and drugs
Inflammation
• Bigger wounds and
fractures were often infected
– willow leaves and crusts
• Oral infections - resin called
"olibanum“
• Teeth were cleaned with
mixture of quartz, clay and
honey
• Barm was used for skin
infections
• Mould bread on wound with
pus
• Tuberculosis – found on
the skelets
• Mastoiditis
• Pus focal points in oral
cavity – pus was
extracted from tooth
throug a small incision.
Myrth was used to kill
pain
• Honey and milk were
used for upper
respiratory tract
problems
Oftalmology
• Inlammations were often
as sand, flies and sludgy
water were parts of every day
life
• Crunched cow liver and gall
bladder
• Against trachoma – clay and
copper
• Eye was flushed with urin
• Legend – Ra is checking
Horus vision
Aterosclersis and obesity
• Ramses II –
aterosclerosis was
the cause of death
• Amenophis III and
Ramses III were
obesed and their
arteries were
plaqued
Infectious
diseases
• Pox and leprosy found on
mummies
• Work camps - epidemies
- onion, garlic and radish
were distributed
• 1948 active supstances
were isolated from radish,
later also from garlic and
onion
• Schistosoma eggs found
• Gall and urinary
stones
• Gout – white beds on
fingers
• Reumatic articular
changes
Tumori
• Bone tumors
• Kahun papyrus - uterus
cancer
Edwin Smith papyrus
• Around 17 th century b.C. describes surgery
• Probably written in Imhotep’s time
• 5 meters long, 48 cure instructions
• Fixation of fractures with bovine bones and
bandages emerged in pitch
• Brain and fontanelles mentioned for the first time
• Wounds were sawn
• Puls – from the heart
Ebers papyrus
• 16th century b.C.
• 20,23 m long
• Burning wounds
• Poppy – source of opium, morphia, codein and
papaverin
• Belladona – scopolamin – narcotic
• Ducts from the heart into other organs ( passing
through them: air, blood, slime, food, semen and
feces)
Kahun ginekološki papirus
•
•
•
•
19th century b.C.
34 paragraphs
“fry” odour
contraception made of acacia, date fruit
and honey
• Gender prediction – barley or wheat
• Egyptian women gave birth in squatting
position