Transcript The Biomechanics of Dance Kicks

The Biomechanics of Dance
Kicks
An Analysis of the Muscles Used
During Three Different Dance
Kicks
Warm-Up
• Barre (Introduction)
• Centre-practice
(The Background)
• Adage (Methods)
• Pirouettes (Results)
• Alleggro (Discussion)
• The Dance
(Conclusion)
Barre
• Why was the topic chosen?
– Personal Interest in dance
– Previous injury during dance
– Study different muscles used with dancer and nondancer
• Why researchers study the mechanics of kicking
• We wanted to compare the muscles used during
different styles of kicking between an experienced
dancer versus a non dancer
• Would the muscle usage be the same performing
the same kicks from a trained dancer to a nondancer?
Centre Practice
• Dance Kicks vs. Soccer Kicks
– Research (Barfield, 2002) has found that soccer
kick main studies consist of ball velocity
– Dance kicks study height of kick, line of the leg
(drop of hip)
– Soccer kick, hip rotates
– Dance kick, there is no hip rotation, pelvis stays
level
Centre Practice
• Dancer vs. Non-Dancer (Study)
– Large difference is balance
– Non-dancer used more lateral flexion of the
trunk to maintain balance
– Dancer compensates with less abduction of the
hip joint (not lifting her leg as high keeps trunk
more balanced)
– Non-dancer sacrificed a steady trunk
Adage
• Subjects:
– Dancer
– Female aged 21
– 18 years dance
experience
– Non Dancer
– Female aged 21
– No experience dancing,
but experience in
related activities
Adage
• Equipment Used:
– Video Camera
– Reflective Markers
– Digitizing by use of APAS system
– Analysis using the Biomech Motion Analysis
System
Adage
• Styles of Kicks
– Battements (Straight Leg Kick)
– Battements with developpé (Flexed Knee Kick)
– Renversé (Side Kick)
• Pre-Stretch
• Number of trials
– Subject 1 (Dancer): 18 trials
– Subject 2 (Non-Dancer): 9 trials
Pirouettes
• Knee Angular Velocity (Flexed Knee Kick)
Knee angular velocity, moment and power
Knee angular velocity, moment and power
20.
20.
Extending
Extending
0.
0.
-20.
100.
-20.
Trial: HOLL002
Flexing
Extensor
Trial: STEFFK
Flexing
Ang. vel.
Net moment
Power
Extensor
100.
0.
Ang. vel.
Net moment
Power
0.
-100.
-100.
Flexor
Flexor
Concentric
500.
Concentric
500.
0.
0.
-500.
-500.
Eccentric
Eccentric
TOP
-1000.
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Time (s)
Dancer
TOP
-1000.
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
Time (s)
Non-Dancer
Pirouettes
• Hip Angular Velocity (Straight Leg Kick)
Hip angular velocity, moment and power
Hip angular velocity, moment and power
20.
Hip angular velocity, moment and power
20.
Flexing
Flexing
Flexing
0.
0.
-20.
-20.
Trial: STEFST2
Trial: HOLST002
Trial: HOLST002
Extending
Extending
100.
Extending
Ang. vel.
Ang. vel.
Net moment
Net moment
Power
Flexor
Flexor
100.
Ang. vel.
Net moment
Power
Flexor
Power
0.
0.
-100.
-100.
Extensor
Extensor
Extensor
500.
Concentric
500.
Concentric
Concentric
0.
0.
-500.
-500.
Eccentric
Eccentric
-1000.
-1000.
0.0
0.1Eccentric
0.2
TOP
0.3
0.4
IFS
0.5
Time (s) TOP
Dancer
0.6
0.7
0.8
ITO
0.0
0.9
TOP
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
Time (s)
IFS
Non-Dancer
Pirouettes
• Hip Angular Velocity (Side Kick)
Hip angular velocity, moment and power
20.
20.
Adducting
Hip angular velocity, moment and power
Hip angular velocity, moment and power
Adducting
Adducting
0.
0.
-20.
Trial: HOL19
Abducting
100.
-20.
Ang. vel.
Net moment
Power
Adductor
Trial: STEFSIDE
Trial: STEFSIDE
Ang. vel.
Ang.
Netvel.
moment
Net
moment
Power
Power
Abducting
Abducting
100.
0.
Adductor
Adductor
0.
-100.
-100.
Abductor
Abductor
Abductor
Concentric
500.
500.
0.
Concentric
Concentric
0.
-500.
-500.
Eccentric
Eccentric
Eccentric
ITO
-1000.
0.0
0.1
TOP
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Time (s)
Dancer
-1000.
0.7
0.8
0.9
ITO
ITO
0.0
0.1
TOP
TOP
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
Time (s)
Non-Dancer
Alleggro
• Side Kicks:
– Our results show more
adduction at the top of nondancers
– Dancer shows more
abduction from the toe-off to
the top
– Research by Bryzik et al. ()
contradicts this by saying
the non-dancer will display
more abducter motion in
order to lift the leg higher
Alleggro
• Straight Leg Kicks
– Top of extension, dancer’s leg
displays more extension of the
hip than non-dancer
– Eccentric power of hip much
larger just before reaching the
top of dancer’s kick
– Concentric power used to bring
the leg back down, unseen in
non-dancer
• Non-dancer up on toes during
kicks, not proper
Alleggro
• Flexed Knee Kick
– Fluidity, lack in the non-dancer, very choppy when the
leg is ascending
– Dancer displays more concentric power just prior to
reaching top of kick, non-dancer only displays a slight
burst
– Flexors display clean moment before, through and after
the top of the kick (shorter in non-dancer)
– Slight extensor moment at the beginning of nondancer’s kick, dancer finished with an extensor moment
Alleggro
• Effective:
– the dancers will do many more exercises, each
designed with a specific purpose, to work on a
certain movement or to strengthen a certain
muscle
– The legs can be moved more freely from the
turned-out position than from a natural one
Alleggro
• Muscle Usage:
– Between all three kicks, apparent of the different uses of
the muscles by the dancer and non-dancer
– The training for the dancer, teaches them to use their
muscles in moe efficient ways
– In research by Bryzik et al. () it was stated that the nondancer and dancer had similar adduction angles, which
was similar to our subjects, their adduction moments
were very similar
– Benefits – injury prevention
The Dance
• Comparing the dancer
from the non-dancer,
apparent to see the
difference in muscles used
during certain periods of
the kicks
• Also the fluidity of the
motion of the dancer is
much smoother
• Answer to Question:
– No, because of the dancer`s
training and kinesthetic
awareness
QUESTIONS & COMMENTS