Transcript CHAPTER 4: The Chemical Basis of Life

CHAPTER 4: The Chemical Basis
of Life
4-2: Chemical Compounds in Living Things
4-2: Chemical Compounds in Living Things
• Only
things.
4
elements are common in living
• 96.3% of our weight is due to Carbon,
Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen.
4-2: Chemical Compounds in Living Things
Element
Phase at Room
Temperature
# of electrons in
the outer shell
# of bonds it will
form
Carbon
Solid
4
4
Nitrogen
Gas
5
3
Oxygen
Gas
6
2
Hydrogen
Gas
1
1
4-2: Chemical Compounds in Living Things
• inorganic compounds are molecules which
do not contain carbon
• Exceptions:
–CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
–CO (Carbon Monoxide)
–CaCO3 (calcium carbonate)
4-2: Chemical Compounds in Living Things
• Inorganic compounds are found in bones,
blood and buffers (salts)
• organic compound are molecules which
contain Carbon except CO2, CO &
CaCO3 (these are inorganic).
4-2: Chemical Compounds in Living Things
• Carbon will form 4 bonds.
• Carbon will form bonds with other carbons
to form long Carbon chains.
4-2: Chemical Compounds in Living Things
• From figure 4-9, list all the molecules that
have
a) double bonds – butadiene & benzene
b) triple bonds – acetylene
c) a ring structure - benzene
4-2: Chemical Compounds in Living Things
• Polymers are large compounds made up of
many smaller compounds (known as
monomers) which are bound together in
a process known as polymerizaztion.
4-2: Chemical Compounds in Living Things
• Polymerization allows for a wide variety of
complex molecules.