Transcript Energy Policy and Smart Growth - American Planning Association

Energy Policy and Smart Growth
American Planning Association
2003 Legislative and Policy Conference
May 11-13, 2003
Speakers
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Megan Lewis, AICP, Senior
Research Associate, APA
Naomi Friedman, Director of
Sustainable Markets, Center for
the New American Dream
Alexandra Tietz, Counsel to the
House Governmental Reform
Committee
Session Summary
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Linkage between energy policy and
planning.
Connection of energy issues to
smart growth and sustainability
issues.
Research opportunities to promote
energy conservation and efficiency.
Status of current federal energy
legislation.
Land-Use Planning and Energy
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APA last visited this topic
in depth in the mid-1970s.
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Emphasis was on energy
conservation and
preventing another crisis.
Solar power, heating, and
cooling was the renewable
technology.
Few communities made
modifications to the built
environment to address
energy issues.
Village Homes, Davis, Calif.
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Pioneering solaroriented subdivision
Street and path
orientation to allow
natural heating and
cooling
Bike and pedestrianoriented streets, and
narrow streets.
Natural stormwater
drainage system
Energy Today
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Alternative energy sources now: solar,
wind, hydrogen, landfill gas, biomass,
and cogeneration.
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Connected to broader issues to reduce
dependence on foreign oil sources.
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Connected to other issues of smart
growth, sustainability, equity, and
environmental quality.
Energy Statistics – Consumption
Commercial
16%
Industrial
37%
Residential
19%
Transportation
28%
Energy Statistics – Spending
Commercial
18%
Transportation
37%
Industrial
21%
Residential
24%
Energy Statistics – Sources
Renewables
8%
Nuclear
Power
8%
Coal
21%
Natural Gas
23%
Petroleum
40%
Energy Statistics – Renewables
Geothermal
4%
Solar
1%
Wind
1%
Biomass
48%
Hydroelectric
46%
Energy Statistics – Additional Data
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U.S. produces only 38 percent of the oil it
consumes.
World fossil fuel reserves, particularly
petroleum, are expected at current
consumption levels to peak by 2010 and
be depleted by 2050.
Drilling in the ANWR will yield only 2
percent of U.S. consumption demand at
its production peak.
General Conclusions
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Issues of supply, cost, and energy
sources suggest a need for a policy shift
that:
 Encourages adoption of renewable
energy sources in all sectors
 Promotes energy efficiency in
systems that use non-renewable
sources
 Supports such efforts on the local
level, where land-use and
transportation decisions are made.
Why planners?
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Global issue
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Individual issue
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COMMUNITY ISSUE
APA Policy Guidance on Energy
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APA addresses energy policy in its
policy guides on:
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Smart Growth (2002)
Sustainability (2000)
APA is also developing a stand-alone
energy policy.
Energy conservation and efficiency is
an APA legislative priority for 2003.
APA Policy Guide on
Smart Growth (2002)
“Energy conservation is a major
benefit and result of Smart Growth,
helping to create more sustainable
development and allow people to
meet current needs without
compromising the needs of future
generations.”
Smart Growth and Energy
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Development patterns that minimize
vehicular miles traveled.
Transportation policy and funding that
supports different transportation modes.
Regulations and financial programs that
support the use of alternative energy
sources and “green” building approaches.
APA Policy Guide
on Sustainability (2000)
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Local and regional development
patterns that expand choice and
opportunities
Resilient, diverse, and selfsufficient local economies
Communities with a healthy
economy, environment, and social
climate
Sustainability and Energy Policy
Reduce dependence upon fossil
fuels, extracted underground metals,
and minerals, in the areas of:
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Land use
Transportation
Housing and
building
Economic
development
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Open space and
recreation
Infrastructure
Resource
conservation
Land-Use Actions
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Compact development
Mixed uses
Pedestrian-friendly
development
Transit-oriented
development
Home-based occupations
and work
Local food production and
agriculture
Transportation Actions
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Reduce vehicle trips
Use alternative modes
of transportation
Development and use
of alternative fuel
vehicles
Provide affordable,
efficient transportation
alternatives
Transportation Actions
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Street design that:
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Encourages pedestrian
and bike use and
discourages high speed
traffic
Supports/enhances
neighborhood connection
to other neighborhoods
and commercial
developments
Housing and Building Actions
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Solar-orientation
Regenerative energy
for heating and cooling
Housing near
employment centers
Building materials with
low “embodied energy”
Housing that shares
resources and living
spaces (cohousing)
Economic Development Actions
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Reduce employee and
product transport
vehicle trips
(Transportation)
Use regenerative
energy alternatives
(Housing and Building)
Are locally based or
have home-based work
opportunities (Land Use)
Open Space/Recreation Actions
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Provide facilities within
walking and biking distance
Use local materials and
native plants in
construction
Design to reduce
dependence on landscaping
and maintenance resources
Preserve green spaces in
urban areas for cooling
benefits
Infrastructure Actions
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Promote facilities that
use renewable energy
sources
Support design
approaches that focus
on pollution
prevention, re-use,
and recycling
Direct development to
areas with existing
transportation systems
Resource Conservation Actions
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Minimize energy use
Encourage development of renewable
energy sources
(Infrastructure)
Promote recycling
of waste materials
Develop community
gardens (Land Use)
APA Working Paper on Energy
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Energy Conservation
Energy and Weatherization
Assistance
Facility Siting
Transportation
Alternative Energy Sources
Building Design
Barriers to Achieving Energy Goals
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FINANCIAL
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REGULATORY
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PERCEPTIVE
Overcoming Financial Barriers
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Incentive programs:grants,
rebates, and loans
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Examples on Database of State
Incentives for Renewable Energy
(DSIRE) website.
Relief programs: Low Income
Home Energy Assistance Program
(LIHEAP), Weatherization
Assistance for Low Income
Persons (Wx)
Overcoming Regulatory Barriers
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Adopt regulations that promote and
encourage smart growth
Site plan standards that allow for
cluster, solar orientation, narrow
streets, etc.
Building codes that capture efficiencies
and promote use of approaches like
BIPV.
Adopt energy facility siting regulations
for alternative energy facilities
Examples of rules, regulations, and
policies in the DSIRE database.
Overcoming Perception Barriers
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Compact land patterns
encourage creation of
community
Financial freedom to pursue
jobs and housing that may be
currently out of reach
Air quality improvements and
improved public health
Energy sources will change – a
matter of when and how
In the Future…
Different, Yet the Same
Selected Resources
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APA Policy Guides: www.planning.org/policyguides
Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy
(DSIRE): www.dsireusa.com
U.S. Department of Energy National Renewable
Energy Lab: www.nrel.gov
U.S. Department of Energy, Smart Communities
Network: www.sustainable.doe.gov
Rocky Mountain Institute: www.rmi.org
Email address: [email protected]