Transcript Purposes of Health Professional

Purposes of Health
Professional
 Educate
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Benefits of physical activity
Do’s and don’ts of exercise
 screen and evaluate
 testing
 design programs
 lead exercise classes
 analyze client performance
 motivate
Components of Physical
Fitness
 cardiorespiratory endurance
 musculoskeletal fitness
 body composition
 flexibility
 neuromuscular relaxation
Purposes of Physical Fitness
Testing
 Develop physical fitness profiles
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Identify strengths and weakness
Set realist and attainable goals
Make accurate and precise exercise RX
Evaluate progress
Testing Order and Testing
environment
 resting blood pressure and heart rate
 body composition
 cardiorespiratory endurance muscular
fitness
 flexibility
 Room (70-74 degrees; controlled relative
humidity; privacy
Test Validity, Reliability, and
Objectivity
 Validity
 Reference or Criterion
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direct measures
 indirect measures
 prediction errors
 validity coefficient .80 or greater
 reliability coefficient .90 or greater
 objectivity coefficient
Evaluation Prediction
equation
 What criterion measure used to base prediction
equation?
 How large a sample?
 What is the R and SEE
 What population is equation based on?
 How are the variables measured?
 Was the equation cross-validated?
 Do the R’s and SEE’s of original and cross
validation study seem Comparable?
Pretest Instructions
 Wear comfortable clothing
 Drink plenty of fluids prior to testing 24hr
period
 Refrain from eating, smoking, and
drinking or caffeine for 3 hrs
 Do not engage in strenuous physical
activity the day of the test
 Get adequate sleep the night before
Test Administration and
Interpretation
 Administration
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Practice, Practice, Practice
 Interpretation
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Compare clients fitness to established
norms
Use lay language to explain results
Be positive when relaying results
Don’t be intimidating
Basic Principle for Exercise
Program Design
 Specificity of training
 Overload Principle
 Principle of Progression
 Principle of initial Values
 Principle of Interindividual Variability
 Principle of Diminishing Returns
 Principle of Reversibility
Basic Elements of Exercise
Prescription
 Mode
 Intensity
 Duration
 Intensity
 Frequency
 Progression
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initial
improvement
maintenance
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
 VO2max (L/min,ml/min, or ml/kg/min)
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the capacity of the heart, lungs and blood
to transport oxygen to the working muscles
, and
the utilization of oxygen by the muscles
during exercise
Stages of Progression in the
Exercise Program
 Initial stage
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4-6 weeks
Start slow get duration up first
 Improvement stage
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4 to 5 months
Progression until meet fitness goal
 Maintenance stage
Exericse Program
Adherence
 3 of every 5 in U.S. not getting
recommended amount of physical
activity
 25% no physical activity
 Of those starting exercise programs 50%
will drop out within one year
 We must help develop a positive attitude
toward physical activity
 Help client make a commitment
Factors Related to Exercise
Program Adherence
 Biological Factors
 Psychological Factors
 Social Factors
 Behavioral Factors
 Program Factors
Critical factors characterizing
exercise program dropouts
 Overweight
 Low self-motivation
 Anxiety about exercise
 Lack of spousal support
 The feeling that the exercise facility is
inconvenient
 Perception that exercise intensity too high
 Lack of social support during and after exercise
Theories of Behavior Change
 Behavior Modification Theory
 Social Cognitive Theory
 Stages of Readiness Theory
Maximal Vs. Submaximal Test
 Max tests are:
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expensive
uncomfortable
need high tester motivation
 submaximal
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predict or estimate max from data
use heart rate
less expensive
more error
Assumptions of Submaximal
Exercise Test
 We assume steady state heart rate at
each intensity
 Assume linear response of heart rate,
oxygen uptake and work intensity
 Mechanical efficiency
 Assume age predicted HRmax is clients
actual heart rate