Transcript Chapter 12 Renaissance & Reformation

Chapter 14: Kings and Queens
Learning Objectives:
• Describe the goal of King
Philip II of Spain
• Describe the Spanish Armada
and what happened to it
Language
Objectives:
• Practice defining,
understanding new
words
• Name the good things that
King Henry IV did for France
• Practice reading
aloud
• Explain why King Henry VIII
set up a Church of England
• Summarize main
ideas
• Explain why Queen Elizabeth
was called “Good Queen
Bess”
• Practice writing
lecture notes
Post-Reading Questions-Section 1
• What did the Spanish Inquisition do to the
Moors and Jews in Spain?
• What was the goal of King Philip II of
Spain?
• What happened to the Spanish Armada
when it reached the English Channel?
The Age of Monarchs
• Spain, France and England became nation-states,
ruled by monarchs – kings & queens
• Within each nation
▫ People felt loyal to their rulers
▫ People felt a bond with the country & each other
▫ Everyone spoke similar languages & had similar
customs
• The feelings toward your country are called
nationalism
• Nationalism and religious beliefs became
important during the 16th century
The Age of Monarchs
• Monarchs from France, Spain, England follow
different religions
▫ Roman Catholic
▫ Protestant
• Their differences sometimes led to war &
sometimes into national decline
• The monarch’s personalities & religious beliefs
changed the lives of most people in Western
Europe
Spain
• In the 1400s, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
were Catholic
▫ Wanted only Catholics living in Spanish areas
▫ Used Inquisition to drive out non-Catholics
 Moors (Spanish Muslims) – went to North Africa
 Jews – went to Middle East & Europe
 Protestants
▫ Many were tortured or killed
King Ferdinand of Spain
Queen Isabella of Spain
King Philip II
• Ruled Spain from 1556 - 1598
• Most powerful monarch in Europe
• Spain = strongest European nation
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Held many other lands
Controlled rich American colonies
Philip’s reign began Spain’s decline
Goal: Crush Protestantism
 Make all Europe Catholic
King Philip II of Spain
King Philip II and the Netherlands
• Netherlands were ruled by Spain
▫ The people living there are Dutch & mostly
Protestants
• King wants all Protestants to convert to Catholics
• Dutch people don’t like King
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Want religious freedom
Taxes too high
Dutch Prince William of Orange leads rebellion
1581 Netherlands declare independence from Spain.
King Philip II and England
King is married to Queen Mary I of England
▫ Henry VIII’s 1st daughter
▫ She is Catholic – wants England to be Catholic
▫ She reigned for 5 years
• She died - her half-sister Elizabeth became Queen Protestant
▫ Her brother-in-law, Philip II, is enemy to her
▫ She sends help to Netherlands to fight him
▫ Gave them ships, and had English ships attack Spanish
ships
▫ She interfered with uniting Europe under Catholicism
The Spanish Armada - Video
• King Philip II goes to war with England
▫ Sent 130 giant ships (galleons) to attack England
▫ Fleet of ships = Armada
 He thought they could not be beaten
▫ Small English ships moved easily and attacked galleons
in English Channel
▫ After week of fighting, Spanish Armada escaped to
North Sea and sailed around British Isles
▫ Ships were wrecked, many men killed, and Spain went
into decline
English Ship versus Spanish Galleon
France
• France had many religious
wars also
• Trouble started with
Protestant Reformation
• Huguenots (French
Protestants) fought
Catholics
• Spanish King Philip II and
the pope supported the
Catholics in France
France
• English Queen Elizabeth I
sent help to Huguenots
• A massacre on St.
Bartholomew’s Day in
1572 killed thousands of
Protestants
• The Catholic King was
killed, but before he died,
he named Henry of
Navarre to be King –
King Henry IV
• He was a Huguenot!
“Good King Henry IV”
• The Protestant King became Catholic to bring peace
• Changes Henry made
▫ Edict of Nantes – gave Protestants religious freedom
▫ Made France rich, strong
▫ Helped farmers, new roads, trade & manufacturing
▫ Explorers founded 1st French colony in North America
▫ Nationalism grew
• He was assassinated, but many of his changes remained
England
• After many years of civil war, Henry Tudor
became King of England – Henry VII
• He was good for England and its economy
• Henry VIII, his son, became King when he died
• Had 6 wives – wanted a son
Anne
Jane
Catherine
Boleyn
Seymour
Mary
Elizabeth
Edward
Marriage
annulled
Anne
beheaded
Jane died
King Henry VIII
• Henry VIII converted
England to Protestant
• He was named head of
Church of England
Boy King
• Edward took throne when
Henry VIII died
• He was 9 “Boy King”
• Protestantism grew, became
state religion
• Only ruled for 6 years - died
King Edward
“Boy King”
“Bloody Mary” Queen Mary I
• Strong Roman Catholic
• Made new laws to enforce
Catholicism
• Married Spanish King Philip II
• Both wanted Europe to be
Catholic
• Bloody Mary – burned
Protestants to death
• Parliament would not make
England Catholic again
• She died after reign of 5 years
“Good Queen Bess” - Elizabeth
• She reigned for 45 years
• Country became united
under Protestantism
• Nationalism grew, people
loved the Queen
• Defeated Spanish
Armada = England proud
• She loved England –
never married
• Last of the Tudor family
line
Elizabeth’s England
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Her reign is called “Elizabethan Age”
Great writers like Shakespeare
Globe Theater built – plays performed
People became wealthier, cities safer
Few wars
New laws – higher employment
Shelter for the poor
Exploration
▫ New products – tobacco, potatoes
▫ Riches from Spanish ships