Transcript Geography review/Math of Time

1. Geography Review
2. What is the Math of Time?
Geography
• Geography of the land we live in and around
impacts our lives in many ways. This year,
we are going to learn how the development
of early civilizations was greatly affected
by the geography of the location of the
civilization.
Understanding Geography
• The earth, as we know, is quite large. To make it
possible for us to draw a map of the earth and its
features, a system of imaginary lines was
developed. These imaginary lines make it
possible for us to locate anything on the surface
of the earth. Included among these lines are;
lines of latitude and longitude, the Equator, the 4
hemispheres, and, the Prime Meridian. Some of
these imaginary lines, if taken together, form
what is known as a grid or grid system.
Latitude
Lines of latitude are drawn in an east-west
direction and measure the distance NORTH
and SOUTH of the equator.
The equator is an imaginary line that circles the
globe halfway between the North and South
Poles.
Lines of latitude are also called parallels
because they are always parallel to the
equator.
Longitude
Lines of longitude are drawn in a north-south
direction and measure distance EAST and
WEST of the Prime Meridian.
The Prime Meridian is an imaginary line that runs
from the North Pole to the South Pole.
The Prime Meridian is located at 0 degrees
longitude
Lines of longitude are also called meridians.
Cheat Sheet
Lines of Latitude:
Measures distance North and South of the
Equator.
Lines run in an east-west direction
Also known as Parallels. Includes The Equator
Lines of Longitude:
Measure distance East and West of the Prime
Meridian.
Lines run in a north-south direction Also known
as Meridians. Includes The Prime Meridian
Measurement in Degrees
Lines of latitude range from 0 degrees, for
locations on the equator, to 90 degrees N or
90 degrees S, for locations on the North or
South Poles.
Lines of longitude range from 0 degrees on the
Prime Meridian to 180 degrees on a meridian
in the mid-Pacific Ocean. Meridians west of
the Prime Meridian are labeled with a W.
Those east of the Prime Meridian are labeled
with an E.
Measurement in Degrees
Lines of Latitude & Longitude cross, creating a
grid system Used to determine an areas
location (address) on earth.
• Do you know many people who fish
for a living?
• Do you take frequent walks along
the ocean?
• Do you usually wear shorts in
February?
What is geography?
• Geography is a science that deals
with the description, distribution,
and interactions of the diverse
physical features of the earth’s
surface.
How do we know when events occurred in
Ancient History?
Do we know exactly when all events
occurred?
Math of Time
Circa- The Latin word meaning “about” or
“approximately”
Used especially to refer to dates.
Example-The wheel was invented circa 3000 B.C.
Math of Time
Anno Domini. A.D. Latin words that means in
the year of the lord.
Used to mark the years after the birth of
Christ/Christianity.
C.E.- Common Era is used in place of A.D.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Math of Time
B. C.- dates before the birth of Christ.
or
B.C.E- Before the Common Era.
Decade- A time span of 10 years
50’s
60’s
70’s
80’s
90’s
Century- A time span of 100 years
800’s = the 9th century
1800’s = the 19th century
1900’s = the 20th century
Millennia- A time span of 1000 years
What century is 1345 in?
What century is 1345 in?
1345
+1
14th century
Timeline
Timeline
B.C.
A.D.
<--------------------------------------------l------------------------------------->
3000
1500
500
500
1500
2009
Math of AD,BC
• When you cross the timeline from BC you
always add.
• If the dates are in both AD or in both BC you
will subtract.
• If the dates are in both AD and BC you will
add them together.
Maps
Political Map, A type of map that shows man-made
boundaries, locations and Capitals..
Physical Map, A type of map that shows natural
features; Mountains, rivers....
Population Maps, shows the number of people living
in the world.
Climate maps, shows normal weather for a location
over a period of time.
Products maps, natural resource maps, ....
Map Observation
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Examine the two maps on your desk.
What do you notice?
How are they the same?
How are they different?
Peters Map vs. Mercator
• The Peters Map of the World (1974) shows the earth's
geographic relationships better than the standard
Mercator map (c. 1569), which is what we all likely grew
up with. In this map, land masses and nations are shown
in true proportion. For example, the sheer physical
enormity of Africa is clear. The traditional Mercator map
seriously distorts physical geography, vastly overrepresenting the northern hemisphere and underrepresenting the southern hemisphere. In the Mercator
projection, as another example, Greenland, which has 0.8
million square miles, is shown as being equal to Africa,
which has 11.6 million square miles.
Peters Map vs. Mercator
• The Mercator map, land masses and nations are shown in
true proportion.