Transcript Implementing Computer-Assisted Career Guidance

MHS 5340
Foundations of Career Development
Labor Market Concepts
James P. Sampson, Jr.
Florida State University
1
The Global Economy
• Result of information sharing and
transportation of goods and people
• Includes manufacturing and services
• Almost every jobholder is a competitor
in the global economy
• Every consumer of goods and services
is part of the global economy
2
The Global Economy
• Evolution from job security to
employment security
– Job security:
• Security from labor contract
• Responsibility of company
– Employment security:
• Security from maintenance of skills
• Responsibility of employee
3
The Global Economy
• Career management
– Training and experience may be more
important than salary
– Negotiate training and experience to
to maintain and develop skills
– Stay skilled to stay employed
– Learn what skills are important in the
marketplace
4
Changing Nature of Organizations
• Classic
• Ladder
Modern
Lattice
5
Use of Labor Market Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Occupational decisions
Education and training decisions
Employment decisions
Initial career decisions
Ongoing career decisions
More general information – more accurate
More specific information – less accurate
6
Labor Market Information
• LMI describes nature and dynamics
of employment opportunities and
the labor force
• Labor force - people who have or
are looking for a job
• Supply and demand
7
Labor Market Information
• Supply information
– Employed people
– Unemployed people
– Education and training programs
– New people moving into area
– New or reentrants into labor force
8
Labor Market Information
• Demand information
– Filled jobs
– Unfilled jobs
– Industrial growth
– Changing occupational patterns
– Turnover rates
9
Factors Influencing the Labor Market
• Government spending and policies
• Population characteristics
• Population shifts
• Technological innovations
• Consumer habits
• Natural disasters
• Enrollment trends
10
Labor Market Information Sources
• Government agencies
– Federal (Bureau of Labor Statistics)
– State (Departments of Labor)
• Professional & trade associations
• Publishers of print, audio-visual
and computer-based resources
• Futurist organizations
11
Federal Government Info. Sources
• U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics
– Occupational Outlook Handbook
– Occupational Outlook Quarterly
– Monthly Labor Review
– O*NET
12
State Government Info. Sources
• Florida Department of Labor and
Employment Security –
Labor Market Statistics
Florida Industry and Occupational
Employment Projections 1996-2006
13
Florida
Current Employment by Industry
June 1999
Government
Mining
Transportation,
Communications, &
Public Utilities
Services
Construction
Finance, Insurance, &
Real Estate
Manufacturing
Trade
Sou rce :
U.S . Departme nt of La bor, Bu reau of Lab or S tatistics, and Florida Department of Labor
and Emplo yment S ecurity, O ffice of Labor Market Stati stics.
1014
Employment by Industry
Not Seasonally Adjusted / Over-the-Year Percent Change
June 1999
6.0
4.0
Percent
2.0
0.0
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0
Florida
Sou rce :
Government
Ser vices
Fin, Ins,
& Real Es tate
Tr ade
Trans, Com,
& P ubli c
Utilities
Manufacturing
Construction
Total
-12.0
Mining
-10.0
US
U.S . Departme nt of La bor, Bu reau of Lab or S tatistics, and Florida Department of Labor
and Emplo yment S ecurity, O ffice of Labor Market Stati stics.
1115
Florida Annual Employment Growth
by Industry
June 1999
g
ct urin
a
f
u
n
Ma
g
Minin
tate
a l Es
e
R
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ilit ie s
t
U
c
Pu bli
&
,
m
ctio n
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n
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s
a
r
T
Co n
t
men
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r
e
v
Go
e
T rad
ic e s
Serv
-5,000
Sou rce :
25,000
55,000
85,000
115,000 145,000
U.S . Departme nt of La bor, Bu reau of Lab or S tatistics, and Florida Department of Labor
and Emplo yment S ecurity, O ffice of Labor Market Stati stics.
1216
EMPLOYMENT GROWTH BY INDUSTRY DIVISION
FLORIDA, 1996 - 2006
26,243
Agriculture
Mining
-860
21,417
Construction
20,541
Manufacturing
Transportation,
Communications,
and Public Utilities
53,847
341,376
Trade
Finance,
Insurance,
and Real Estate
62,027
719,289
Services
201,375
Government
-125,000
0
125,000
250,000
375,000
500,000
625,000
750,000
SOURCE: FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT SECURITY, DIVISION OF JOBS AND BENEFITS, BUREAU OF LABOR MARKET INFORMATION.
EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN RETAIL TRADE
FLORIDA, 1996 - 2006
6,995
Building Materials and Garden
Supplies
19,544
General Merchandise Stores
78,319
Food Stores
13,865
Auto Dealers and Service Stations
10,597
Apparel and Accessories Stores
Furniture and Homefurnishings
Stores
9,551
124,356
Eating and Drinking Places
24,662
Miscellaneous Retail Stores
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
SOURCE: FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT SECURITY, DIVISION OF JOBS AND BENEFITS, BUREAU OF LABOR MARKET INFORMATION.
EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
FLORIDA, 1996 - 2006
497
Depository Institutions
14,244
Nondepository Institutions
6,756
Security and Commodity Brokers
Insurance Carriers
14,799
Insurance Agents, Brokers, and
Services
10,626
Real Estate
14,207
898
Holding and Other Investment Offices
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
SOURCE: FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT SECURITY, DIVISION OF JOBS AND BENEFITS, BUREAU OF LABOR MARKET INFORMATION.
EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN SERVICES
FLORIDA, 1996 - 2006
30,029
Hotels and Other Lodging Places
13,156
Personal Services
231,609
Business Services
17,219
Auto Repair Services and Parking
Miscellaneous Repair Services
3,801
Motion Pictures
3,191
44,997
Amusement and Recreation Services
208,194
Health Services
15,032
Legal Services
18,718
Educational Services
56,146
Social Services
1,166
Museums and Botanical and Zoological Gardens
20,668
Membership Organizations
54,753
Engineering and Management Services
611
Miscellaneous Business Services
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
SOURCE: FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT SECURITY, DIVISION OF JOBS AND BENEFITS, BUREAU OF LABOR MARKET INFORMATION.
EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN GOVERNMENT
FLORIDA, 1996 - 2006
155,099
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,720
40,000
5,556
20,000
0
Federal Government
State Government
Local Government
SOURCE: FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT SECURITY, DIVISION OF JOBS AND BENEFITS, BUREAU OF LABOR MARKET INFORMATION.
EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATES BY OCCUPATIONIONAL DIVISION
FLORIDA, 1996 - 2006
Percent
30
25
20
15
28.92
28.12
24.98
22.29
22.23
10
17.61
15.77
11.72
5
0
Total All
Occupations
Managerial
Professional
Sales
Clerical
Service
Agriculture
Production
SOURCE: FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT SECURITY, DIVISION OF JOBS AND BENEFITS, BUREAU OF LABOR MARKET INFORMATION.
THE FASTEST-GROWING OCCUPATIONS IN FLORIDA
1996-2006
92.80
Systems A nalyst
87.96
86.20
Co mputer Suppo rt Specialist
P hysical, Co rrective Therapy A ssistant
Co mputer Engineer
80.05
Ho me Health A ide
79.97
75.57
M edical A ssistant
69.16
P hysical Therapist
68.21
Emergency M edical Technician
P aralegal
67.84
63.28
Respirato ry Therapist
60.63
58.70
M edical Reco rds Technician
P erso nal Ho me Care A ide
56.53
55.34
Radio lo gic Techno lo gist
A djustment Clerk
A musement and Recreatio n A ttendant
51.12
Instructo r and Co ach, Spo rts
50.91
49.43
48.63
48.49
Human Services Wo rker
Engineering, M ath., Natural Sciences M anager
Dental Hygienist
48.13
So cial Wo rker, M edical and P sychiatric
47.21
46.95
46.88
45.07
44.18
Residential Co unselo r
Co rrectio n Officer and Jailer
Child Care Wo rker
M ail Clerk, Exc. M ail M achine
Hand P acker and P ackager
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percent
SOURCE: FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT SECURITY, DIVISION OF JOBS AND BENEFITS, BUREAU OF LABOR MARKET INFORMATION.
OCCUPATIONS GAINING THE MOST NEW JOBS IN FLORIDA
1996-2006
56,727
Cashier
Salesperson, Retail
49,808
38,367
General Manager and Top Executive
35,406
Registered Nurse
33,215
Waiter and Waitress
General Office Clerk
29,200
28,846
Food Preparation Worker
27,277
Hand Packer and Packager
23,910
Child Care Worker
23,182
Home Health Aide
22,909
Receptionist, Information Clerk
20,554
Guard
Systems Analyst
19,056
Maintenance Repairer, General Utility
18,951
18,366
Nursing Aide and Orderly
17,099
Teacher, Secondary School
17,046
Food Preparation Server, Fast Food
16,241
Janitor and Cleaner
15,481
Food Service and Lodging Manager
Sales Rep., Nonscientific, Exc. Retail
14,828
Truck Driver, Light
14,617
Cook, Restaurant
14,031
13,589
Correction Officer and Jailer
Teacher, Elementary
13,392
Maid and Housekeeping Cleaner
13,305
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
SOURCE: FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT SECURITY, DIVISION OF JOBS AND BENEFITS, BUREAU OF LABOR MARKET INFORMATION.
Labor Market Trends
• Big-growth occupations
– Food service workers (10% increase)
• Fast-growth occupations
– Robotics technicians (600% increase)
• Only 5,000 robotics workers in U.S,
but 18,000 food workers needed
25
Change in Hours Worked
• Work hours of white collar workers
are increasing as white collar
workers do the work of more
people from downsizing
• Blue collar workers getting second
jobs to maintain lifestyle
26
27
Other LMI Terms
• Structural unemployment – loss of
employment due to fundamental
changes in the economy and the
labor market
• Dislocated worker - loss of job for
other than personal reasons
• Occupationalism - thinking less of a
person because of his or her job
28
Increasing Employment Variability
• Increase in part-time employment &
multiple part-time jobs
– Downside is lack of benefits
• Increase in self employment and
ownership of small businesses
29
Increasing Employment Variability
• Increase in temporary employment
across white and blue collar areas
– Some temporary employers providing
benefits
– Workers only valuable to temporary
agencies if they maintain their skills
30
Unemployment & Underemployment
• Underemployment - working in a
job that doesn’t require your level
of education
• Higher education levels =
– Lower amount of unemployment
– Shorter period of unemployment
31
Unemployment & Underemployment
• Underemployment depends
somewhat on occupational field
– Science degrees with specific training
have lower underemployment
– General degrees with less specific
training have higher underemployment
32
Unemployment & Underemployment
• More education = more pay
• More training = more pay
• Downward mobility - taking a lower level
job to maintain employment
• All things being equal, less educated
and skilled workers will move down
more quickly
• Importance of educational opportunity
33
78 percent of all jobs require less than a
bachelor’s degree
Millions of jobs
First professional degree
Bachel or’s deg ree or
high er
Post-se con dary
edu cation and training
less than B.A.
On- the- job train ing and
experie nce
2
Doctoral degree 1
Master’s degree 1
Work experience plus bachelor’s degree
Bachelor’s degree
Associate degree
Post-secondary vocational training
Work experience in a related occupation
Long-term on-the-job training
Moderate-term on-the-job training
Short-term on-the-job training
Sou rce : US B ureau of La bor Sta tisti cs, 199 8.
10
17
5
5
11
13
21
55
5234
All educational categories will
experience job growth
Percent change, 1998-2008
31
Associate degree
Bachelor’s degree
24
Doc tor al degree
23
Master ’s degree
Work experience plu s bac helor’s or
high er de gre e
19
18
First profession al degree
16
Short-te rm on-the-job training
14
Postsecondary vocation al trainin g
14
Work experience
12
9
Long-term on-th e-job training
Moderate-term on-t he-job trainin g
Sou rce : US B ureau of La bor Sta tisti cs
7
5335
Education and Training pays …
Unemployment rate in 1998
1.9
2.6
3.9
4.9
10.5
Median earnings in 1998
College
graduate
42,700
Associate
degree
30,700
Some college, or
job training
no degree
High-school
diploma
Less than a
high-school
diploma
28,000
24,900
17,500
Sou rce : US B ureau of La bor Sta tisti cs
5436
Occupational Growth Rates by Training Level
1997-2007
30.00%
20.00%
32.40%
25.58%
28.26%
10.00%
24.11%
24.98%
First Profe ssional
Les s than
Bachelor's
20.39%
0.00%
All Levels
Source:
Bachelor's
M aste r's
D octoral
U.S . Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor S tatistics, and Florida Department of Labor
and Employment S ecurity, Office of Labor Market Statistics.
2137
Occupational Growth by Training Level
1997-2007
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
1,821,667
1,407,704
500,000
355,566
0
All Levels
Source:
Bachelor's
18,939
9,470
29,988
M aste r's
D octoral
First Profe ssional
U.S . Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor S tatistics, and Florida Department of Labor
and Employment S ecurity, Office of Labor Market Statistics.
Les s than
Bachelor's
2238
Fastest Growing Occupations
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
OC CU PATION AL TITLE
Computer Support S pec ialis t
Sys tems Analys t
Computer E ngineer
Home Healt h Aide
Respirat ory Therapis t
P hysical, Corrective Therapy Ass istant
Producer, Direc tor, Ac tor, Entertainment
Demonstrat or and P roduct Promoter
Telemarketer
P roduction Inspector, grader
AVERAGE
PERCENT HOUR LY
GROWTH
WAGE
77. 20
70. 07
68. 63
64. 56
62. 06
60. 12
57. 68
56. 45
56. 27
53. 80
$17. 85
24. 25
28. 49
8. 04
17. 00
12. 43
15. 93
9. 96
9. 98
10. 17
Sou rce : Florida Department of L abor and Employment Se curi ty, Office of La bor Ma rket Sta tistics,
1998 Wage Data , 1997- 2007 Fo recast.
139
Occupations Gaining the Most New Jobs
RANK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
OCCUPATIONAL TITL E
Salesperson, Retail
Cas hier
General Offic e Clerk
General Manager and Top Ex ec utive
Regis tered Nurs e
Rec eptionis t, Information Clerk
Food Preparation Server, Fast Food
Laborer, Landscaper, Grounds keeper
Sec retary, Exc . Legal and Medical
Waiter and W aitres s
JOB
HOURL Y
GROWTH
WAGE
53, 307
51, 702
45, 579
45, 092
39, 627
36, 092
32, 419
30, 670
30, 447
26, 715
$9.19
7.03
9.37
27.27
20.01
9.01
6.39
8.01
10.76
6.00
Sou rce : Florida Department of L abor and Employment Se curi ty, Office of La bor Ma rket Sta tistics,
1998 Wage Data , 1997- 2007 Fo recast.
240
For Additional Information
www.career.fsu.edu/techcenter/
Thank You
42