Transcript Properties of Matter - Chippewa Falls High School

PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Chapter 15 Section 2
CLASSIFY THESE PROPERTIES AS PHYSICAL
OR CHEMICAL. IF YOU AREN’T SURE, GUESS!
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Color
Flammability
Odor
Shape
Taste
Density
Melting Point
Tendency to Rust
Reacts with light
Boiling Point
Volume
Malleable
Mass
Magnetism
Ductile
Ability to dissolve
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
A
characteristic of a material that you
can observe without changing the
identity of the substance that makes up
the material
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
 Physical
Properties can be related to:
Appearance
 What color is the item?
 What shape is the item?
 What is the item’s phase of matter?
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Behavior
 Does it attract a magnet? i.e. iron
 Can it be pulled into wires (ductile)? i.e. copper
 Can it be hammered into sheets (malleable)? i.e. gold
 At what temperature does it boil (boiling point)?
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
 Physical
properties can be used to
separate substances in a mixture
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How would you separate a mixture of iron,
sand, and salt using physical properties?
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rc9o2tbOxxY
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
A
characteristic of a material that indicates
whether it can undergo a certain chemical
change
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The result of the chemical change would be the
production of a new substance
Some examples:
 tendency of something to burn
(flammability)
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i.e. lighter fluid, paint thinner
tendency of something to react with light
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i.e. medicines that come in dark bottles like
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
TRY THIS AGAIN! CLASSIFY THESE PROPERTIES
AS PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL. IF YOU AREN’T SURE,
GUESS!
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Color
Flammability
Odor
Shape
Taste
Density
Melting Point
Tendency to Rust
Mass
Boiling Point
Volume
Malleable
Reacts with light
Magnetism
Ductile
Ability to dissolve
Physical
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Chemical
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Chemical
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Physical
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Chemical
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Physical
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Physical
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Chemical
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Physical
Physical
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Physical
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Physical
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Chemical
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Physical
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Physical
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Physical
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CLASSIFY THESE CHANGES AS PHYSICAL OR
CHEMICAL. IF YOU AREN’T SURE, GUESS!
Evaporating water __________________________
 Rust on an iron nail __________________________
 Baking cookies __________________________
 Dissolving salt in water __________________________
 Hammering Aluminum into a sheet _________________
 Cooking scrambled eggs _________________________
 Burning a marshmallow __________________________
 Melting an M&M in your mouth ____________________
 Alka seltzer in water __________________________
 Raising bread dough __________________________
 Cutting an apple __________________________
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PHYSICAL CHANGE
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A change in the size, shape, state of matter, etc. that
does not change the identity of a substance
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A phase change is a physical change even though
energy may be removed or added to the substance
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In the new state of mater, the substance is still made
of the same components, the atoms just have more or
less energy
 i.e. if liquid water evaporates, it becomes water
vapor
if water vapor condenses, it becomes liquid
water
PHASE CHANGES
SOLID
GAS
Evaporation
Boiling
Condensing
LIQUID
DISTILLATION
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Distillation is a process that takes advantage of
physical properties and physical changes to
separate mixtures
• If two substances have different boiling points
(temperature at which they boil), they can be separated.
• The mixture is heated slowly until it begins to boil.
• The vapors of the liquid with the lowest boiling point
form first and are condensed and collected.
• If the other substance also needs to be collected, then
the temperature is increased until the second liquid
boils, condenses, and is collected
DISTILLATION SET-UP
CHEMICAL CHANGE
 The
change of one substance into a new
substance (chemical reaction)
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A chemical change alters the original
chemical make-up of the substance
INDICATIONS OF A CHEMICAL REACTION
How can you tell if a chemical change has taken
place?
 ENERGY
Evolution of heat, light, and/or sound
(sometimes heat can be absorbed too)
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GAS
A gas is produced, bubbles (effervescence)
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PRECIPITATE
When solid particles form from 2 liquids
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COLOR – Unexpected Color change
(i.e. clear liquid + clear liquid  purple liquid)
TRY THIS AGAIN! CLASSIFY THESE CHANGES AS
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL. IF YOU AREN’T SURE, GUESS!
Physical
Evaporating water __________________________
Chemical
 Rust on an iron nail __________________________
Chemical
 Baking cookies __________________________
Physical
 Dissolving salt in water __________________________
Physical
 Hammering Aluminum into a sheet _________________
Chemical
 Cooking scrambled eggs _________________________
Chemical
 Burning a marshmallow __________________________
Physical
 Melting an M&M in your mouth ____________________
Chemical
 Alka seltzer in water __________________________
Chemical
 Raising bread dough __________________________
Physical
 Cutting an apple __________________________
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LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
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Matter is neither created nor destroyed during
a chemical change (reaction)
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The mass of the substances present before the
chemical change equals the mass of the substances
that remain after the change
Example
Is burning wood a physical or
chemical change?
Chemical change - Combustion
After a log burns, only ashes
remain. Where do you think the
rest of the mass went?
Some mass left as solid
particles in the smoke, some
mass left as gas (CO2)
EXAMPLE OF CHEMICAL CHANGES
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What color was the Statue of Liberty when it
was dedicated in 1886?
NOT green!
 The Statue of Liberty is made of copper
 The copper at the surface has undergone a
chemical change as the result of exposure to air
and water. She is now covered in patina which is
green!
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