Transcript Chapter Three: Supporting Details

ADVANCING
VOCABULARY SKILLS
Fourth Edition
Sherrie L. Nist
© 2010 Townsend Press
Unit Four: Chapter 22
• assimilate
• indolent
• belligerent
• inherent
• demeanor
• nonchalant
• denunciation
• unassuming
• dissipate
• unilateral
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 assimilate
– verb
• To assimilate into the culture of a new country, it’s essential to
learn the language.
• The United States has often been called a “melting pot”—
meaning that people of many cultures have assimilated, or
blended together, within it.
Assimilate means
A. to be absorbed.
B. to spread thin.
C. to remain.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 assimilate
– verb
• To assimilate into the culture of a new country, it’s essential to
learn the language.
• The United States has often been called a “melting pot”—
meaning that people of many cultures have assimilated, or
blended together, within it.
Assimilate means
A. to be absorbed.
B. to spread thin.
C. to remain.
Only by learning the language can one be absorbed into the culture
of a new country. In the second item, the words blended together
suggest that assimilate means “to be absorbed.”
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 belligerent
– adjective
• When anyone contradicts Bruce, he becomes belligerent. He has
often started fights with people who disagreed with him.
• Angie was suspended for her belligerent behavior during an
argument with one of her teachers. She actually shook her fist at
him and threatened to hit him.
Belligerent means
A. overly casual.
B. quarrelsome.
C. confused.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 belligerent
– adjective
• When anyone contradicts Bruce, he becomes belligerent. He has
often started fights with people who disagreed with him.
• Angie was suspended for her belligerent behavior during an
argument with one of her teachers. She actually shook her fist at
him and threatened to hit him.
Belligerent means
A. overly casual.
B. quarrelsome.
C. confused.
By starting fights, Bruce shows he is quarrelsome. If Angie shook her
fist at the teacher and threatened him, she was being quarrelsome.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 demeanor
– noun
• Troy’s demeanor was quiet and controlled, but inside he was
boiling with anger.
• Proper demeanor during a funeral or lecture is obviously quite
different from acceptable conduct at a ball game or rock concert.
Demeanor means
A. behavior.
B. feelings.
C. expectation.
Sailors and a minister showing
proper demeanor at a military funeral
Photo: US Navy
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 demeanor
– noun
• Troy’s demeanor was quiet and controlled, but inside he was
boiling with anger.
• Proper demeanor during a funeral or lecture is obviously quite
different from acceptable conduct at a ball game or rock concert.
Demeanor means
A. behavior.
B. feelings.
C. expectation.
Sailors and a minister showing
proper demeanor at a military funeral
Photo: US Navy
In contrast with the anger Troy was
feeling, his behavior was quiet and
controlled. In the second item, the
word conduct tells you that demeanor
means “behavior.”
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 denunciation
– noun
• The mayor’s public denunciation of the police chief angered
many officers; local citizens, however, applauded the mayor’s
public statement of disapproval.
• In an unusual denunciation of parents, the community leader said,
“Parents have not been taking enough responsibility for their
children.”
Denunciation means
A. appreciation.
B. ignoring.
C. criticism.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 denunciation
– noun
• The mayor’s public denunciation of the police chief angered
many officers; local citizens, however, applauded the mayor’s
public statement of disapproval.
• In an unusual denunciation of parents, the community leader said,
“Parents have not been taking enough responsibility for their
children.”
Denunciation means
A. appreciation.
B. ignoring.
C. criticism.
In the first item, the words statement of disapproval suggest that
denunciation means “criticism.” The second item gives an example
of a criticism.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 dissipate
– verb
• After twenty minutes of meditation, I find that the stresses of my
day have dissipated, and I’m relaxed enough to enjoy the evening.
• Teddy hates catching a cold. When anyone is sneezing and
coughing in his presence, he opens a window and fans the air to
dissipate the cold germs.
Dissipate means
A. to blend.
B. to scatter.
C. to assemble.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 dissipate
– verb
• After twenty minutes of meditation, I find that the stresses of my
day have dissipated, and I’m relaxed enough to enjoy the evening.
• Teddy hates catching a cold. When anyone is sneezing and
coughing in his presence, he opens a window and fans the air to
dissipate the cold germs.
Dissipate means
A. to blend.
B. to scatter.
C. to assemble.
If the person feels relaxed, his or her stresses must have scattered.
By opening the window and fanning the air, Teddy is attempting to
scatter the cold germs.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 indolent
– adjective
• My indolent sister says that the most work she ever wants to do
is clicking the remote control to switch TV channels.
• My uncle has been fired from three jobs for being indolent. He
shows up on time, but he does very little work and leaves early.
Indolent means
A. destructive.
B. shy.
C. unwilling to work.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 indolent
– adjective
• My indolent sister says that the most work she ever wants to do
is clicking the remote control to switch TV channels.
• My uncle has been fired from three jobs for being indolent. He
shows up on time, but he does very little work and leaves early.
Indolent means
A. destructive.
B. shy.
C. unwilling to work.
If all the sister wants to do is click the TV remote control, she is
unwilling to work. If the uncle does very little work and leaves
early, he has been fired for being unwilling to work.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 inherent
– adjective
• An inherent danger of life in San Francisco is the possibility of
earthquakes.
• Marco believes that kindness is inherent in human nature, but I
think people are born selfish. Maybe we’re both right.
Inherent means
A. shrinking.
B. humble.
C. natural.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 inherent
– adjective
• An inherent danger of life in San Francisco is the possibility of
earthquakes.
• Marco believes that kindness is inherent in human nature, but I
think people are born selfish. Maybe we’re both right.
Inherent means
A. shrinking.
B. humble.
C. natural.
Earthquakes are a natural danger. If people are born kind or selfish,
those qualities must be natural rather than learned after birth.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 nonchalant
– adjective
• My friend was very nonchalant about giving her oral report in
class, but I was a nervous wreck about giving mine.
• Because the automobile is so commonplace today, many people
have become nonchalant about traveling by car. In the early
twentieth century, however, people saw driving as an exciting
and risky adventure.
Nonchalant means
A. relaxed.
B. anxious.
C. angry.
A nonchalant dog
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 nonchalant
– adjective
• My friend was very nonchalant about giving her oral report in
class, but I was a nervous wreck about giving mine.
• Because the automobile is so commonplace today, many people
have become nonchalant about traveling by car. In the early
twentieth century, however, people saw driving as an exciting
and risky adventure.
Nonchalant means
A. relaxed.
B. anxious.
C. angry.
A nonchalant dog
In contrast with being a nervous
wreck, the friend was very relaxed.
In contrast with seeing driving as
exciting and risky, people today are
relaxed about it.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 unassuming
– adjective
• In the business world, you shouldn’t be too unassuming. If
you’re overly modest about your skills and achievements, for
example, you might not get a promotion you deserve.
• As unassuming as ever, Alice accepted the award in a quiet,
modest way.
Unassuming means
A. argumentative.
B. lazy.
C. humble.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 unassuming
– adjective
• In the business world, you shouldn’t be too unassuming. If
you’re overly modest about your skills and achievements, for
example, you might not get a promotion you deserve.
• As unassuming as ever, Alice accepted the award in a quiet,
modest way.
Unassuming means
A. argumentative.
B. lazy.
C. humble.
In both items, the word modest suggests that unassuming means
“humble.”
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 unilateral
– adjective
• Tanya’s unilateral decisions are hurting her marriage. For
instance, she recently bought nonrefundable tickets to Florida
without consulting her husband.
• Many people believe in unilateral disarmament; that is, they
think their own nation should give up all weapons of war even if
no other country will do so.
Unilateral means
A. gradual.
B. one-sided.
C. group.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 unilateral
– adjective
• Tanya’s unilateral decisions are hurting her marriage. For
instance, she recently bought nonrefundable tickets to Florida
without consulting her husband.
• Many people believe in unilateral disarmament; that is, they
think their own nation should give up all weapons of war even if
no other country will do so.
Unilateral means
A. gradual.
B. one-sided.
C. group.
If Tanya bought the tickets without consulting her husband, her
decision was one-sided. If only one side gives up its weapons,
the action is one-sided.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. assimilate
B. belligerent
C. demeanor
D. denunciation E. dissipate
F. indolent
G. inherent
H. nonchalant
I. unassuming
J. unilateral
1. The eye is not necessarily a(n) _______ part of the reading
process. Blind people can read Braille—a system of raised
dots—with their fingertips.
2. Anger builds up if you hold it in. But expressing anger can
help it to __________, leaving you much calmer.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. assimilate
B. belligerent
C. demeanor
D. denunciation E. dissipate
F. indolent
G. inherent
H. nonchalant
I. unassuming
J. unilateral
1. The eye is not necessarily an _________
inherent part of the reading
process. Blind people can read Braille—a system of raised
dots—with their fingertips.
Reading Braille is a kind of reading in which the eye is not a built-in part.
2. Anger builds up if you hold it in. But expressing anger can
help it to __________,
dissipate leaving you much calmer.
If you end up calmer, expressing anger must help scatter the anger,
causing it to fade.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. assimilate
B. belligerent
C. demeanor
D. denunciation E. dissipate
F. indolent
G. inherent
H. nonchalant
I. unassuming
J. unilateral
3. Jerry is a(n) _________ child who frequently pushes and
hits other children.
4. In a ___________ of the union, the company president said
that its members were “selfish and narrow-minded.”
5. It’s amazing how __________ kids can be about computers;
they’ll work at the keyboard as casually as if it were a
coloring book.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. assimilate
B. belligerent
C. demeanor
D. denunciation E. dissipate
F. indolent
G. inherent
H. nonchalant
I. unassuming
J. unilateral
3. Jerry is a ___________
belligerent child who frequently pushes and
hits other children.
Pushing and hitting other children show that Jerry is aggressive.
4. In a ___________
denunciation of the union, the company president said
that its members were “selfish and narrow-minded.”
The president’s words are a strong expression of disapproval.
5. It’s amazing how __________
nonchalant kids can be about computers;
they’ll work at the keyboard as casually as if it were a
coloring book.
The word casually suggests kids can be relaxed about computers.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. assimilate
B. belligerent
C. demeanor
D. denunciation E. dissipate
F. indolent
G. inherent
H. nonchalant
I. unassuming
J. unilateral
6. Because that boss herself is a workaholic, she thinks that
anyone who works less than ten hours a day is _________.
7. Many Americans who live and work abroad make no
attempt to _________ to foreign countries; they
continue to eat only American food, speak only English,
and see things only from an American perspective.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. assimilate
B. belligerent
C. demeanor
D. denunciation E. dissipate
F. indolent
G. inherent
H. nonchalant
I. unassuming
J. unilateral
6. Because that boss herself is a workaholic, she thinks that
anyone who works less than ten hours a day is _________.
indolent
A workaholic would think anyone working less than ten hours a day
is lazy.
7. Many Americans who live and work abroad make no
attempt to _________
assimilate to foreign countries; they
continue to eat only American food, speak only English,
and see things only from an American perspective.
By doing only what they did in America, such Americans are making
no attempt to blend into the main culture of the other country.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. assimilate
B. belligerent
C. demeanor
D. denunciation E. dissipate
F. indolent
G. inherent
H. nonchalant
I. unassuming
J. unilateral
8. Even though Marta was the star of the team, she was always
__________ and quick to give credit to the whole team for its
successes.
9. Airport security guards are trained to observe people’s
_________ so that they can notice and respond to any
suspicious behavior.
10. Governments are usually reluctant to take __________ action
in international disputes. They want other countries to join
them in their efforts.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. assimilate
B. belligerent
C. demeanor
D. denunciation E. dissipate
F. indolent
G. inherent
H. nonchalant
I. unassuming
J. unilateral
8. Even though Marta was the star of the team, she was always
__________
unassuming and quick to give credit to the whole team for its
successes.
A star who gives credit to the whole team is not boastful.
9. Airport security guards are trained to observe people’s
_________
demeanor so that they can notice and respond to any
suspicious behavior.
The word behavior suggests the word demeanor.
10. Governments are usually reluctant to take __________
unilateral action
in international disputes. They want other countries to join
them in their efforts.
Governments that want other countries to join them are not one-sided
in their actions.