English 2 Vocabulary

First Quarter

list 1 abscond-amorous

• abscond • Abstract • adequate • agenda • aggregate • Alter • amorous Rate your knowledge of each word: 1 – no idea 2 - seen before, but not sure 3 - know and use it

Abscond (V.)

DEFINITION: To run away secretly.

Synonyms: escape, flee, sneak away

Sentence : The prisoner plans to abscond from his cell at midnight.

Abstract (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Existing only in the mind; not concrete

Related words: abstraction (noun)

Synonyms: theoretical, complex, hypothetical, imaginary

Sentence : Truth, pride, and other non physical character traits are abstract.

Adequate (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Sufficient for the purpose.

Related words: adequately (adverb) Synonyms: enough, satisfactory, decent

Sentence : You have an adequate amount of experience to get the job done.

Agenda, noun

DEFINITION: personal motivation: an underlying personal viewpoint or bias SYNONYMS: motive, plan SENTENCE: The set of issues and policies those in government use to gain support are an example of a political agenda.

Aggregate (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Amounting to a whole; total Synonyms: mass, collective, collected

Sentence : The aggregate number of goals scored after two games is 20.

Alter (V.)

DEFINITION: To change.

Related words: alteration (noun), altered (adj.) Synonyms: modify, change, transform

Sentence : We had to alter our plans because of the weather.

Amorous (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Displaying love or desire.

related: amorously (adv) Synonyms: loving, fond, lovesick

Sentence : The amorous couple exchanged gifts on their anniversary.

Practice

Think about the time you spend each night on homework. Now add it up to give you an

aggregate

(total) amount of time you spend per week.

The aggregate amount of time I spend on homework per week is…

Practice

• If school began at 9:00 instead of 7:39, how would that

alter

your life?

– One way my life would be altered is….

– Another alteration I would make is…

Practice

1. I would love to leave school right now and

abscond

to… 2. Flowers, chocolate, and cards are concrete ways to express the

abstract

concept of… 3. The

aggregate

amount of time I have been in school this year is… 4. One event that would dramatically

alter

my life is…

list 2 bond - context

• bond • cited • claim • clause • complex, complexity • conflict • context, contextual Rate your knowledge of each word: 1 – no idea 2 - seen before, but not sure 3 - know and use it

Bond (N. or verb)

DEFINITION: noun: A uniting force or tie; something that fastens or connects things together. Verb: to connect Synonyms: tie, link, connection

Sentence : The bond between the man and his dog was so great that they could not live without each other. (noun) I think I will bond with my step sister when we spend the day at Disneyland together. (verb)

Cite (V.)

DEFINITION: make reference to Related word: citation (noun) Synonyms: mentioned, referred, brought up

Sentence : The class cited the literature as evidence in their essays.

claim (noun)

DEFINITION: a statement that reflects a truth about a concept, idea, or piece of literature.

Related: claim (verb) Synonyms: opinion, thesis SENTENCE: The essay makes the claim that Romeo and Juliet themselves are to blame for their deaths.

Clause (N.)

DEFINITION: a group of words containing a subject (noun) and a predicate (verb) No synonyms.

Sentence : An independent clause is a complete sentence; a dependent clause is not.

Complex (Adj.)

DEFINITION: not easy; having many parts Related words: complexity(noun) Synonyms: difficult, hard, complicated

Sentence : The further along you go in math, the more complex the problems become.

Conflict (Noun)

DEFINITION: a struggle between two opposing forces, a problem Related words: conflict (verb), conflicted (adj.) Synonyms: battle, fight, dispute

Sentence : War is a conflict that causes great losses on both sides.

Context (Noun)

DEFINITION: The set of circumstances that surround a situation .

Related: contextual (adj.)

Synonyms: setting, condition, background

Sentence : Most literature allow readers an insight to the context of daily life of a culture or time period.

An example of context is the history surrounding the story of Shakespeare's King Henry IV.

•

List 2 Practice Complete the sentences

A

clause

always contains… •  When the 5 year old asked his mother why he couldn’t play with knives, she

cited

the fact that… I have a strong

bond

with _____, but not with ______.

Practice List 2

• The most

complex

subject I have studied is… • My Teenage Wasteland essay made the claim that… • One

conflict

in “My Old Home” was… • The

context

of “My Old Home” was…

Vocabulary Practice Lists 1&2 (discuss, do not write)

• Why do you need to

cite

sources in a research paper?

• A parenthetical

citation

_________ and _________ where you found the information.

refers to the • If you have 4 CDs per body paragraph and 3 body paragraphs, what is the

aggregate

of parenthetical citations in your essay?

list 3 converse-external

• conversely • counterclaim • decipher • deleterious • emerged • enamored • enigmatic • external Rate your knowledge of each word: 1 – no idea 2 - seen before, but not sure 3 - know and use it

Conversely (Adv.)

DEFINITION: In a contrary or opposite way.

Synonyms: On the other hand, contrarily, vice versa

Sentence : All mothers are women; conversely, not all women are mothers.

Counterclaim (noun)

DEFINITION: a claim in response to, or as a defense against, an earlier argument or opinion Synonyms: alternate claim, opposing claim, argument

Sentence

: Most scientists support the claim that global warming is true; however, a small group support the counterclaim that it is false.

Decipher (Verb)

DEFINITION: To determine the meaning of something; to figure something out Synonyms: decode, solve, understand, figure out

Sentence : He was unable to decipher the code before the bomb went off.

Deleterious (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Harmful to living things.

Synonyms: injurious, hurtful, destructive

Sentence : Crime has a deleterious effect on the neighborhood’s reputation.

Emerged (V.)

DEFINITION: To come out .

Related: emergence (noun) Synonyms: appear, arise, turn up

Sentence : The facts emerged when the witness told his side of the story.

Enamored (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Foolish or unreasoning fondness.

Synonyms: in love, infatuated, smitten

Sentence : Sophomore boys are too easily enamored with girls.

Enigmatic (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Difficult to understand; confusing.

Related words: enigma (noun) Synonyms: puzzling, ambiguous, incomprehensible

Sentence : Understanding teenagers is often difficult because of their enigmatic behaviors.

External (adjective)

DEFINITION: the outside of, on, for or coming from Related words: externally (adverb), exterior (noun) Synonyms: Outer, visible

Sentence :

Female kangaroos carry their young in pouches

that are external to their bodies. This cream is for external use only.

List 3 Practice

• My favorite class is ______.

Conversely

, my least favorite class is _____.

• Some claim that abortion should remain legal. The

counterclaim

is that _______.

• It can be difficult to

decipher

… • Illegal drugs are

deleterious

health because… to your

List 3 practice continued

• When bears

emerge

they… from hibernation, • I was completely

enamored

_____ when I first got it.

with my • • The most

enigmatic

of is… person I can think

External

hardware includes…

list 4 facilitate - gender

• facilitate • fissure • fluctuation • forsake • frigid • gender Rate your knowledge of each word: 1 – no idea 2 - seen before, but not sure 3 - know and use it

Facilitate (V.)

DEFINITION: To make easier Related word: facilitator (noun) facilitation (noun) Synonyms: help, ease, expedite

Sentence : Giving one’s full effort will facilitate the process of learning a new skill.

• Fissure (n)

Definition: a narrow opening produced by a separation of parts. Synonyms: crack, gap -Example sentence:

The earthquake created fissures between the neighborhoods.

Fluctuation (N.)

DEFINITION: A change.

Related words: fluctuate (verb ) Synonyms: variation, shift

Sentence : Not doing homework for 2 weeks caused a dramatic fluctuation in his grade.

Forsake (verb)

•

DEFINITION: to leave someone forever, especially when he/she needs you

•

Related words: forsaken (adj) Synonyms: Betray, leave

Sentence :

Do not forsake me!

She refused to forsake her beliefs even when threatened with death.

Frigid (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Extremely cold.

Related word: frigidly (adv) Synonyms: icy, frosty, frozen

Sentence : The ocean is too frigid to swim in without a wetsuit.

• Gender (n)

DEFINITION: The state of being male or female, or membership in that group. Synonym: sex (noun) SENTENCE:

Employers cannot discriminate workers based on gender

.

Practice List 4

The internet

facilitates

ways, such as… communication in several A

fissure

in a relationship could be caused by …

Fluctuation

because … in income is difficult for a family I would never

forsake

______ because … To survive the

frigid

people … temperatures in Alaska, One of the differences between the

genders

is …

Don’t forget to review lists 1-3!

• abscond • Abstract • Adequate, • adequately • agenda • aggregate • Alter, • alteration • Amorous, • amorously • bond • Cited, • citation • claim • clause • complex, • complexity • conflict • context, • contextual • conversely • counterclaim • decipher • deleterious • emerged • enamored • enigmatic • external

list 5 ignite-obvious

• ignite • inevitable, inevitably • invigorating, invigorate • nevertheless • notion • obvious, obviously Rate your knowledge of each word: 1 – no idea 2 - seen before, but not sure 3 - know and use it

Ignite (V.)

DEFINITION: Cause to start burning Related: ignition (noun) Synonyms: light, set fire to, kindle, spark

Sentence : The conflagration was ignited by a discarded cigarette.

Inevitably (Adv.)

DEFINITION: Impossible to avoid.

Related words: inevitable (adj.)

Synonyms: certainly, unavoidably, necessarily

Sentence : Inevitably, we will all become worm food.

Invigorating (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Giving strength and vitality.

Related words: invigorate (verb); invigorated (adj) Synonyms: refreshing, stimulating, exhilarating

Sentence : An afternoon nap can be invigorating after a hard day’s work.

Nevertheless (adv)

Definition: despite the fact or idea just mentioned.

Synonym: nonetheless; however Example:

Recycling is a small but nevertheless important change.

It’s a difficult race; nevertheless, thousands of runners participate every year.

Notion (N.)

DEFINITION: A belief or opinion .

Synonyms: idea, view, concept

Sentence : The notion that Sonora is the best school is indisputable.

Obvious (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Easy to see or understand.

Related: obviously (adv) Synonyms: apparent, evident, blatant Antonyms: discreet, subtle

Sentence : It is obvious that you should put on your socks before your shoes.

Practice List 5

• A fire can be ignited by… • A riot can be ignited by… • During a football game, it is inevitable that… • Exercise is invigorating because…

Practice List 5

• Sometimes, I just want to go back to sleep when my alarm goes off. Nevertheless, I… • June’s mother had the notion that her daughter would be… • When I was younger, I had the notion that___________. Now, however, I know that _______________.

• Try not to be obvious when you are …

list 6 precise - sedentary

• precise • proximity • retained • reticence • revealed • sedentary Rate your knowledge of each word: 1 – no idea 2 - seen before, but not sure 3 - know and use it

Precise (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Exact, as in performance, execution, or amount.

Related words: precisely,(adverb) precision (noun) (use the suffix to determine part of speech!) Synonyms: exact, specific, definite

Sentence : Be sure to use the precise words when you quote someone else.

Proximity (N.)

DEFINITION: Nearness in space or time.

Related words: approximate (adj); approximation (noun); approximately (adv.) Synonyms: closeness, vicinity, juxtaposition

Sentence : Sonora’s proximity to In-n Out enables students to walk there for lunch.

Retained (V.)

DEFINITION: To maintain possession Related: retention (noun) Synonyms: keep, maintain, hold

Sentence : The Raiders retained possession of the ball after the fumble.

Reticence (N.)

DEFINITION: The state or quality of being reluctant to speak.

Related words: reticent (adj) Synonyms: silence, reserve, restraint

Sentence : Reticence is a quality that is usually displayed by shy people. Some people are reticent to reveal their income.

Revealed (v)

• Definition: To make known • Related: revealing (adj.), revelation (noun) • Synonyms: shown • Sentence: It was revealed to Luke that Darth Vader was his father.

Sedentary (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Requiring sitting or little activity.

Related words: sedate (verb); sedation (noun) Synonyms: inactive, seated, motionless

Sentence : A sedentary lifestyle has been linked to poor health and obesity.

Practice List 6

• It is important to measure

precisely

baking because… when • My ideal home would be in close

proximity

to ________ so I could _____.

• The mothers in

Joy Luck Club

daughters to

retain

… want their • The friend(s) I hope I still

retain

from now are… 10 years

Practice List 6

• I am/am not

reticent

in class because… • Suyuan Woo was

reticent

because… • When the new iphone was

revealed,

people… • I like/dislike being

sedentary

because…

list 7 source - underlying

• shroud • source • synchronously • Transformation • transition • underlying

Shroud (V.)

DEFINITION: To cover or hide.

Related: shroud (n.) shrouded (adjective or verb) Synonyms: conceal, screen, veil

Sentence : The early morning fog shrouds the coast, making it difficult to see.

Source (noun)

DEFINITION: a place, person, or thing from which something comes or can be obtained. In research, the source of a fact is the book, website, or article where the fact was found.

RELATED: resource (noun) SYNONYMS: origin SENTENCE: She needed one more source for her essay to prove that dress codes are ineffective.

synchronously (adv.)

DEFINITION: happening at the same time as something else Related words: synchronous (adj.), synchronize, (verb) synchronization (noun) Synonyms: concurrently, simultaneously

Sentence : Because my two sons’ soccer games are happening synchronously, my husband will go to one, and I will go to the other.

Transformation (n)

• Def: change in form, appearance, nature, or character • Related: transform (verb), • transformative (adj.), transformational (adj.) • Synonyms: change, metamorphosis • In the movie

Transformers

, the cars go through multiple transformations between robot and car.

Transition (N.)

DEFINITION: The act of passing from one state or place to the next.

Related words: transitional (adj), transitory (adj), transit (n) Synonyms: change, shift, alteration

Sentence : Some students have a difficult time with the transition from junior high to high school.

Underlying (adj.)

• Def: lying beneath, or the basic or root cause of something. • Synonym: hidden, beneath, basic • Algebra is an underlying curriculum for college math.

• • • • • •

Practice List 7

The tragic past of the Joy Luck Club mothers is

shrouded

because … One

source

culture is … for information on Chinese Two shows that air

synchronously

_______ and _______. My life was

transformed

when … are Another

transformation

occur when … in my life will The

transition

me was … that was most difficult for

Practice List 7

• The

transition

from Chinese to American culture was difficult for the Joy Luck Club mothers because … • One of the

underlying

is … causes of poverty • One of the

underlying sources

of conflict for the mothers and daughters in

The Joy Luck Club

is …

list 8 unique-voluntary

• unique • Vacillate • Visible • voluntary Rate your knowledge of each word: 1 – no idea 2 - seen before, but not sure 3 - know and use it

Unique (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Being only one of its kind.

Related words: uniquely Synonyms: unequalled, incomparable, alone, distinct, exclusive, one and only

Sentence : She has a unique ability that others admire. OR Your fingerprints are unique.

Vacillate (V.)

DEFINITION: To fluctuate between opinions.

Related: vacillation Synonyms: waver, be doubtful, be indecisive

Sentence : Many vacillate over major decisions, like which college to attend.

Visible (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Able to be seen.

Related words: visibly, vision, visibility Synonyms: seeable, perceptible, observable

Sentence : The ocean is visible on a clear day. OR Most planets are not visible to the naked eye.

Voluntary (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Done willingly and without expectation of a reward.

Related words: voluntarily, volunteer, volunteerism Synonyms: intentional, deliberate, willful, unforced

Sentence : She does voluntary work on the weekends by helping the homeless. OR He made a voluntary decision to quit his job.

Practice List 8

• I am

unique

because… • One decision I

vacillated

over was whether to _______ or __________.

• Rose in

The Joy Luck Club

vacillates

probably so much because… • Damage from abuse may not be externally

visible

because… • I made a

voluntary

decision to join…

English 2 Vocabulary

2nd quarter

list 9 accolade - captivate

• accolade • amendment, amend • annihilate, annihilation • assure, assurance • Attribute • captivate

Accolades (Noun)

DEFINITION: Praises or awards.

Synonyms: honors, recognition, tributes

Sentence : The soldier received accolades for his service in the military. OR The chef received accolades for his fine cuisine.

Amendment (Noun)

DEFINITION: A correction or change.

Related words: amend (verb) Synonyms: adjustment, addition, alteration

Sentence : We are sometimes asked to vote on an amendment to the law. OR The first 10 amendments to the Constitution are known as The Bill of Rights.

Annihilate (Verb)

DEFINITION: To destroy completely.

Related words: annihilation (noun) Synonyms: wipe out, erase, obliterate

Sentence : The plan is to annihilate the world of terrorism. OR The strong medicine will annihilate the virus.

Assured (adj. or verb)

DEFINITION: Made certain.

Related words: assuredly (adv.) assure(verb)assurance,(noun)reassure(v.) Synonyms: guaranteed, confirmed, clinched

Sentence : The victory is assured now that everyone is healthy. OR He assured us that our identities would be withheld.

Attribute (V.)

DEFINITION: To assign or give credit.

Related words: attribute (n); attribution (n) Synonyms: assign, ascribe,

Sentence : They attributed their success to patience and hard work.

Captivated (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Filled with wonder or delight.

Related word: Captivate (V) Synonyms: charmed, enthralled, beguiled

Sentence : The captivated audience watched the performance from the edge of their seats. OR Her gaze held him captivated for hours.

Practice List 9

• When I get a good grade on a test, I

attribute

it to… • One movie that kept me

captivated

was … • My most memorable

accolade

_____ because ________.

was

Practice List 9 cont.

• When I want to convince my parents to allow me to go somewhere with friends, I

assure

them that _______.

• Sometimes it is necessary to

amend

how we _______ because ______.

• In order to

annihilate

must… bad habits, one

list 10 cavort - consummate

• cavort • celerity • clout • colossal • consultation • consummate

Cavort (V.)

DEFINITION: To play in a lively manner .

Synonyms: frolic, rollick, romp

Sentence : Children like to cavort in the water, splashing each other.

Celerity (N.)

DEFINITION: A rate that is rapid.

Synonyms: rapidness, speediness, quickness

Sentence : A doctor must respond with celerity to an emergency situation.

Clout (N.)

DEFINITION: Power or influence.

Synonyms: pull, authority, prestige

Sentence : People who keep their word have more clout than those who make empty promises.

Colossal (Adj.)

DEFINITION : Extraordinarily great in size, extent, or degree.

Synonyms: gigantic, huge, enormous

Sentence

car.

:

She made a colossal mistake by letting her reckless friend borrow her

Consultation (N.)

DEFINITION : A meeting for deliberation, discussion, or decision.

Related words: consult (verb), consultant (noun) Synonyms: conference, discussion, meeting

Sentence :

The patient had a consultation with his doctor about his test results.

Consummate (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Accomplished or supremely skilled.

Synonyms: masterful, supreme, perfect

Sentence : With plenty of practice, you can become a consummate writer.

Practice List 10

• It is unusual to see adults

cavort

because… • Fire fighters must act with

celerity

order to… in • It’s good to know people with a lot of

clout

because…

Practice List 10 (cont.)

• A

colossal

event in my life was when … • It is a good idea for someone to

consult

______ when he/she ______.

• A

consultation

needed when… with a lawyer would be • A

consummate

student ______, ______, and _______.

list 11 cooperative - enable

• cooperative, cooperate, cooperation • credence • Decline • Decree • Discretion • enable

Cooperative (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Working or acting together willingly for a common purpose or benefit.

Related: cooperate (v.), cooperation (n.) Synonyms: collaborative

Sentence : Because the criminal was so cooperative with police, they reduced his sentence.

Credence (N.)

DEFINITION: Acceptance as valid or true.

Related Word: Credible (adj.) Synonyms: trust, assurance, belief

Sentence : Do not give credence to gossip.

Decline (Noun)

DEFINITION: A change toward something smaller or lower. Examples: the decline of the Roman Empire … a terminally ill person ’ s declining health

Related Word: Declining (adj.) decline (verb)

Synonyms: decrease, erosion, lessening

Sentence : The decline in morale can be blamed on the new manager.

Decree (N.)

DEFINITION: A law or proclamation.

Related words: decree (verb); creed (noun) Synonyms: order, doctrine, edict, rule

a

Sentence : The judge issued a decree outlawing facial hair.

Discretion (Noun)

DEFINITION: The quality of having or showing good judgment.

Related words: discreet (adj.), discreetly (Adv.) Synonyms: discreetness, sensibleness, common sense

Sentence : Use great discretion when dealing with unfamiliar situations or people.

Enable (Verb)

DEFINITION: To make possible.

Related word: enabler (n.) enabling (adj.) Synonyms: allow, permit, empower

Sentence : Being able to speak many languages enables a person to communicate within a global community.

Practice List 11

• If you are

cooperative

parents … with your • Team members must

cooperate

, otherwise… • A college degree

enables

people to… • A

decline attributed

in one’s grades is usually to…

Practice List 11 (cont.)

• I usually give

credence

to _______, but never to ______.

• Any

decree

that ________ would be impossible for me to follow.

• It is important to use

discretion

______ because _______.

when

list 12 enhance - expertise

• Enhanced • Enigmatic • Erroneous • Evolution • Exceed • Expertise

Enhanced (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Increased or intensified in quality.

Related words: enhance (v); enhancer (n); enhancement (n) Synonyms: improved, intensified, deepened

Sentence : Her enhanced beauty was a result of more sleep and less makeup.

Enigmatic (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Difficult to understand; confusing.

Related words: enigma (noun) Synonyms: puzzling, ambiguous, incomprehensible

Sentence : Understanding teenagers is often difficult because of their enigmatic behaviors.

Erroneously (adv.)

DEFINITION

: done in a manner that is containing an error or mistake.

Related word: erroneous (adj.)

Synonyms: incorrectly

The news erroneously wrote “Obama” bin Laden rather than Osama bin Laden

.

Evolution (Noun)

DEFINITION: A process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage.

Related words: Evolve (v); evolved (adj.) Synonyms: development, growth, advancement

Sentence : Some believe the evolution of man is an on-going process that began thousands of years ago.

Exceed (verb)

•

DEFINITION : to be greater than a number or amount, or to go past an allowed limit Related words: excessive (adj.) Synonyms: Outperform, beat, surpass

Sentence :

The final cost should not exceed $5000.

The success of our campaign has exceeded our wildest expectations.

Expertise (Noun)

DEFINITION : a high level of knowledge Related words: expert (n) ; expertly (adv.) Synonym: skill

Sentence :

We admired the expertise with which he prepared the meal.

I have no expertise in sewing. Or…I have no

sewing expertise.

Practice List 12

• My day would be

enhanced

if/by … • I find ______

enigmatic

______.

because • It would be

erroneous

of someone to … • In the past, I have

erroneously

thought…

Practice List 12 (cont.)

• The

evolution

of a species is… • It is dangerous to

exceed

_______.

______ when • I demonstrate my

expertise

in _____ when _____.

• My friend is an

expert

at ______ because ______.

List 13 hubris - input

• Hubris • Illuminate • Incorporate • Incredulity • Inhibition • Input

Hubris (Noun)

•

DEFINITION: Excessive pride.

Synonyms: arrogance (noun), haughtiness (noun), conceit (noun)

Sentence

wrong.

:

Oedipus demonstrates hubris by ignoring warnings since he believes he cannot be

illuminate (Verb)

•

DEFINITION: : to light something and make it brighter OR to explain and show more clearly something that is difficult to understand

•

Related words: illumination (noun), illuminating(adj.) Synonyms: clarify, explain, brighten

Sentence :

The string of colored lights illuminated the street.

Incorporate (verb)

•

DEFINITION: to include something as part of something larger Related words: incorporation (noun) Synonyms: Include, integrate

Sentence

features

.

:

Suggestions from the survey have

been incorporated into the final design.

This aircraft incorporates several new safety

Incredulity (n)

Definition: the quality or state of being unable to believe; inability or unwillingness to believe. Related words: incredulous (adj.), incredulously (adv.), credence (n.), credit (n) or (verb), credible (adj.), incredible (adj.) Synonym: disbelief; doubt; skepticism -Example sentence: She expressed her incredulity when her son told her he was late getting home because of an unidentified flying object.

Inhibition (Noun)

DEFINITION: a feeling of embarrassment or worry that prevents you from saying or doing what you want

or need to do

Related words: inhibit (verb), inhibited (adj) Synonyms: reticence, embarrassment, self consciousness, reserve

Sentence :

She was determined to shed her inhibitions and have a good time.

Input (noun)

DEFINITION: Involvement in something, especially comments or suggestions made to a group.

Related Words: input (verb) Synonyms: Contribution, effort, participation

Sentence :

I didn't have much input into the project .

Practice List 13

• I have been unsuccessful in trying to

illuminate

_______.

_______ about • Oedipus’

hubris

… is

obvious

• I find it easy to

incorporate

into ________.

• I expressed

incredulity

when ______ when …

Practice List 13 (cont.)

• My parents were

incredulous

when I told them… • My

inhibitions

when… are lessened • I am

inhibited

by… • My

input

has proven most valuable when ______ because ______.

list 14 interval - recovery

• Interval • Intricate • Merit • Mired • Presumption • Recovery

Interval (Noun)

DEFINITION: a period between two events or times, or the space between two points Synonyms: Gap, distance

Sentence :

We see each other at regular

intervals - usually about once a month.

Intricate (adj.)

DEFINITION :

having a lot of small parts or details that are arranged in a complicated way. Related words: intricately (adv.)

Synonyms: Complicated, elaborate, complex

Sentence

deceit.

:

The watch mechanism is extremely intricate and very difficult to repair.

Police officers uncovered an intricate web of

Merit (Noun)

DEFINITION: :

the quality of being good and deserving praise

.

Synonyms: value, advantage

Sentence :

Her book has the merits of being both informative and readable.

We discussed the merits of herbal tea.

Mired (verb/adj.)

DEFINITION:

to be involved in a difficult situation, especially for a long period of time

.

Related word: mire (noun) Synonyms: stalled, stuck, delayed, problem

Sentence :

bureaucracy.

The peace talks are mired in

Presumption (noun)

DEFINITION : A belief that something is true without having any proof.

Related words: presume (v), presumptive (adj.) Synonyms: assumption, guess

Sentence :

The presumption of innocence is central to the justice system.

There is no scientific evidence to support such presumptions.

Recovery (noun)

DEFINITION: : the process of getting back something lost, especially health, ability, possessions, etc.

Related words: recover (verb) Synonyms: revival, healing, improvement

Sentence

recovery.

:

Mira made a speedy recovery from the operation.

At last the economy is showing signs of

Practice List 14

• Something that I do in

intervals

is… • A ______ is

intricate

because _____.

• My

merits

include… • In my life, I have been

mired

by…

Practice List 14 (cont.)

• A

presumption

that I have made which turned out to be true was… • I never

presume

… • I was thrilled when I

recovered

… • I was happy when ______ made a full

recovery

from _____.

list 15 rectify - revered

• Rectify • Reject • Remedy • Resplendent • Revered

Rectify (V.)

DEFINITION: To make right.

Related words: rectification (n.) Synonyms: correct, repair, mend

Sentence : Only an act of God could rectify some of the problems created by man.

Reject (V.)

DEFINITION: Refused or to refuse.

Related words: rejected (adj.), rejection (n.) Synonyms: discard, spurn, throw away

Sentence : She rejected his amorous attempts because she was infatuated with someone else.

Remedy (N.)

DEFINITION: Something that corrects an error or a fault.

Synonyms: solution, relief, cure

Sentence : A remedy for bad behavior is stricter punishments.

Resplendent (adj.)

DEFINITION : having a very bright or splendid appearance.

Synonyms: dazzling, splendid, stunning, brilliant

Sentence

dress.

:

I saw Anna at the other end of the room, resplendent in a red sequined cocktail

Revered (adj.)

DEFINITION: greatly respected and admired.

Related words: reverence (noun), revere (verb) Synonyms: admired, respected, venerated

Sentence :

Nelson Mandela is revered for his brave fight against apartheid.

list 16 solace - valid

• Solace • Uniform • valid • Vantage • Vehicle • Virtually • widespread

Solace (Noun)

DEFINITION :

help and comfort when you are feeling sad or worried

Synonyms: comfort, support

Sentence :

When his wife left him, he found solace in friends. Music was a great solace to me.

Uniform (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences.

Related words: uniformity (noun), uniformly (adverb) Synonyms: unvarying, homogeneous, undifferentiated, consistent, identical

Sentence : Military personnel are expected to be uniform in dress and behavior.

valid

Vantage (noun)

DEFINITION : a particular personal way of thinking or set of opinions OR a place, especially a high place, which provides a good clear view of an area Synonyms: angle, perspective

Sentence :

From our lofty vantage point, we could see the city spread out below us.

Vehicle (Noun)

DEFINITION: A medium or device through which something is transmitted, expressed, or accomplished.

Related Word: vehicular (adj.) Synonyms: medium, means, channel, mechanism

Sentence : She uses her artwork as a vehicle to express her political beliefs.

Virtually (Adv.)

DEFINITION: Slightly short of or not quite accomplished.

Related words: virtual (adj) Synonyms: almost, nearly, about, practically

Sentence : Virtually everyone signed the contract. OR After 12 hours, the job is virtually done.

Widespread (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Widely circulated or spread out.

Synonyms: common, popular, sweeping, broad, extensive

Sentence : There have been widespread layoffs in the last two years. OR There is widespread fear of the effects of global warming.

English 2 Vocabulary

3rd quarter

list 17 cacaphony - devoid

• cacaphony • capable • capacity • debilitate • Detrimental • devoid

Cacophony (N.)

DEFINITION: A harsh discordance of sounds; a meaningless mixture of sounds.

Synonyms: discord, noise, clamor

Sentence : He could not hear over the cacophony of instruments in the band room.

Capable (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Having power and ability.

Related words: capability (noun); capably (adv.) Synonyms: efficient, accomplished, adequate

Sentence : You are capable of doing anything you put your mind to.

Capacity (N.)

DEFINITION: Maximum amount that can be contained; power of receiving impressions, knowledge Synonyms: expanse; ability, competency

Sentence : He had a large mental capacity for remembering names and birthdays.

Debilitate (V.)

DEFINITION: To make weak or feeble.

Related words: debilitating (gerund), debilitation (noun) Synonyms: exhaust, weaken

Sentence : Being without food and water greatly debilitated the lost hikers.

Detrimental (slide exists somewhere!)

Devoid (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Lacking in; free from.

Related words: void (noun); avoid (verb) Synonyms: barren, destitute, empty

a

Sentence : Her personality is devoid of wit and creativity, which is why she is single.

list 18 diversity - equivalent

• diversity • domain • Enforcement • Ephemeral • Equanimity • equivalent

Diversity (N.)

DEFINITION: The state or quality of being different.

Related: diverse (adj.) Synonyms: variety, multiplicity

Sentence : Cultural diversity can be identified by the variety of languages spoken in a country.

Domain (N.)

DEFINITION: A particular environment or walk of life.

Synonyms: specialty, arena, area, field

Sentence : The study of English is in my domain; mathematics is not.

Enforcement (Noun)

DEFINITION: The act of ensuring obedience.

Synonyms: administration, insistence, carrying out

Sentence : A decline in the number of police officers makes law enforcement more difficult.

Ephemeral (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Lasting for a short time.

Synonyms: brief, temporary, transient

Sentence : A fly has an ephemeral life span.

Equanimity (N.)

DEFINITION: Calmness of temperament.

Synonyms: composure, poise, serenity, coolness

Sentence : It’s important to maintain your equanimity during stressful situations.

Equivalent (adj)

DEFINITION:

equal in value, measure, force, effect, significance, etc.: Related words: equivalence

Synonym

: equal

Sentence: His silence is equivalent to an admission of guilt.

list 19 euphoric - fester

• euphoric • Expansion • Explicit • Exposure • Extol • fester

Euphoric (adj)

DEFINITION:

a feeling of happiness, confidence, or well-being sometimes exaggerated in pathological states as mania.

Related words

: euphoria (noun)

Synonym:

joy, ecstasy, bliss

.

Sentence:

Diving in the Great Barrier Reef gives one a sense of euphoria.

.

Expansion (n)

DEFINITION:

the act or process of expanding

Related:

expand (v.), expansive (adj.), expanse (noun)

Synonym

: growth

Sentence

: The school expanded the building as more students enrolled

.

Explicit (adj)

DEFINITION: F

ully and clearly expressed or demonstrated; leaving nothing merely implied; unequivocal:

Related:

explicitly (adv.)

Synonym:

clear, exact, specific, precise Sentence: The teacher gave explicit

instructions for homework.

.

Exposure (Noun)

DEFINITION: view or danger uncovering; putting in Related words: expose Synonyms: showing, risk, airing, display

Sentence :

You should always limit your exposure to

the sun.

Even a brief exposure to radiation is very dangerous.

Extol (v)-

DEFINITION:

to praise highly Related: Synonym: praise, commend, worship

.

Example sentence:

The people would extol their king as if he were a God.

Fester, v.

Definition: to putrefy or rot. Synonyms: rot, worsen Example sentence:

The untreated wound was left to fester.

list 20 fundamental - initiative

• Fundamental • Futile • Incentive • Indefatigable • Infatuation • Initiative

• Fundamental (adj)

Def: serving as, or being an essential part of; basic Related: fundamentally, fundamentalism, fundamentalist Synonym: basic, essential Example sentence:

Using formulas is a fundamental part of solving math problems.

Futile (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Producing no result or effect.

Related words: futility Synonyms: ineffectual, useless, pointless

a

Sentence : Convincing someone that he or she is wrong is often futile.

Incentive (noun)

•

DEFINITION: something which encourages a person to do something Synonyms: motivation, drive, reward

Sentence

income.

:

Tax incentives have been very effective in encouraging people to save and invest more of their

Bonus payments provide an incentive to work harder

.

Indefatigable (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Unable to be tired out.

Synonyms: tireless, unflagging, unrelenting,

a

undefeatable

Sentence : Her indefatigable spirit helped her overcome the greatest challenges in her life.

Infatuation (N.)

DEFINITION: A foolish, short-lived passion.

Synonyms: crush, obsession

Sentence : Teenagers often confuse infatuation with true love.

initiative (n)

related: initiate (verb) Definition: an introductory act or step; leading action synonyms: plan, proposal, idea Example:

There is a ballot initiative this year to end the death penalty in California.

list 21 futile - interminable

• Interminable • Laboriously • Languid • Liberal • linger

Interminable (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Seemingly without end.

Related words: terminal (adj.) Synonyms: endless, eternal, never-ending

a

Sentence : A long, boring speech or sermon is often described as interminable.

Laboriously (Adv.)

DEFINITION: In a hard-working manner.

Related words: labor, laborious Synonyms: arduously, strenuously, diligently

a

Sentence : They worked laboriously to dig out the miners in Chile.

Languid (adj)

Related: languidly (adverb) Definition: lacking in vigor or vitality; slack or slow Synonym: slow, lethargic

Example: On a hot summer day, I feel languid.

Liberal (adj)

Related: liberally (adv), liberalism (n) Definition: favorable to progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs Synonym: open-minded Antonym: conservative Example:

Democrats have liberal views on abortion.

Linger (v)

Definition: to remain or stay on in a place longer than is usual or expected, as if from reluctance to leave Synonym: loiter, hang out

Example: We lingered awhile after the party.

list 22 lucid - nemesis

• Lucid • Marginal • Monitoring • Monotony • Nemesis

Lucid (adj)

Related: lucidly (adv) Def: clear, logical, easy to understand synonym: coherent Example:

She was in so much pain she was unable to speak in a lucid manner.

Marginal (adj)

Related: margin (n), marginalized (adj) • Defnition: close to a limit; not considered important • Synonym: minor, insignificant • Example:

Green party policies that were once considered marginal are becoming mainstream.

Monitoring (v)

• Related: monitor (v) • Definition: to watch over somebody or something, especially in order to ensure that good order or proper conduct is maintained • Synonym: watch Example:

The government monitors some phone conversations

.

Monotony (N.)

DEFINITION: The quality of wearisome constancy, routine, and lack of variety.

Synonyms: tediousness, dullness, repetitiveness

Sentence : Some struggle with the monotony of their daily lives and enjoy the change of pace the weekend brings.

Nemesis (n)

Definition: something that a person cannot conquer, achieve, etc.

Synonym: arch enemy Example:

The performance test proved to be my nemesis.

list 23 objective - saturate

• objective • Paradigm • Procure • Propagate • Punitive • Saturate

Objective (Adj)

Related: objectively (adv) Definition: not influenced by personal feelings, interpretations, or prejudice; Synonym: fair, unbiased

Example: A judge has to be an objective overseer.

Paradigm (Noun)

DEFINITION: a model of something, or a very clear and typical example of something.

Synonyms: model, way of thinking

Sentence

paradigm.

:

Some educators are hoping to produce a change in the current cultural

Procure (verb)

•

DEFINITION: to get something, especially after an effort Synonyms: get, obtain, acquire

Sentence :

She's managed somehow to procure his telephone number.

Propagate (V.)

DEFINITION: To spread; to make widely known.

Synonyms: distribute, disseminate, publicize

Sentence : It is your responsibility to propagate the information about the party.

Punitive (Adjective)

DEFINITION: intended as a punishment Synonyms: disciplinary, corrective

Sentence : Detention is meant to be punitive, not fun.

Saturate (V.)

DEFINITION: To fill completely.

Synonyms: flood, overwhelm, soak

Sentence

: Make sure you saturate the sponge before washing the car.

list 24 savor - tranquility

• savor • Scope • seclusion • Succumb • tranquility

Savor (n)

• Definition: to enjoy something without hurrying (especially the taste) • Synonyms: relish • Sentence : You must savor the flavors of a great piece of food, no matter what it is.

Scope (n)

• Definition: range of view, perception, grasp, or outlook • Scope (verb) = to look for (to scope out the area) • Synonyms: range • Sentence: The scope of vision one has looking out at sea ends at the horizon. The ability to perform surgery is beyond the scope of a nurse.

Seclusion (N.)

DEFINITION: The quality of being separated from others.

Synonyms: privacy, isolation, hiding

Sentence : The seclusion found in one’s room can provide needed tranquility.

Succumb (v)

• Definition: to give way to superior force • Synonyms: give in, surrender, yield • Sentence: He succumbed to the dark side after the promise of cookies.

Tranquility (N.)

DEFINITION: A state of peace and quiet.

Synonyms: serenity, quietude, calmness

Sentence : After a hectic day, we all seek tranquility.

English 2 Vocabulary

4th quarter

list 25 advocate - custom

• advocate* • allocation • apathetic • conflagration • contrast* • custom

advocate

Allocation (N.)

DEFINITION: An amount set aside for a specific purpose.

Related words: allocate (verb) Synonyms: allotment, allowance, rationing

Sentence : Every month, my parents have an allocation of money they save for our vacation.

Apathetic (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Having or showing little or no feeling or emotion.

Related words: apathy (noun) Synonyms: indifferent, uninterested, listless

Sentence : All who are in favor should voice their opinions and stop being so apathetic.

Conflagration (N.)

DEFINITION: A large destructive fire.

Related words: none Synonyms: inferno, blaze, wildfire

a

Sentence : Ten homes were destroyed in the conflagration that was started by an arsonist.

contrast

• customary

custom

list 26 flagrantly - incidence

• Flagrantly • Fundamental • gambol • generated • incidence

• Flagrantly (adj)

Def: in flagrant manner( flagrant: shockingly noticeable or evident; obvious) Synonym: obviously (adv.) -Example sentence:

The candidates flagrantly expressed their anger towards each other.

fundamental

adjective fundamentalism, noun

1 2 3

Definition: forming the base, from which everything else develops; more important than anything else Synonyms: basic Image: Sentence: It's one of the fundamental differences between men and women.

• Gambol (v)

Def: to skip about, as in dancing or playing; frolic. Synonym: frolic -Example sentence: A

deer gamboled on the field.

• Generated (adj)

Def: brought into existence; produced Related: generate (verb), generation (noun) Synonym: made Example sentence:

The graphics and animations were computer generated.

Incidence (n)

Def: the rate or range of occurrence or influence of something, especially of something unwanted Related: incident, coincidence Synonym: occurence - Example sentence: T

he high incidence of heart disease in men over 40 is frightening.

list 27 indiscretion - palpitate

• Indiscretion • martyr • obtuse • oppression* • palpitate

Indiscretion (n)

• Def: The characteristic of not being sneaky • Related: indiscreet, indiscreetly • Synonym: carelessness -Ex. Sentence: His indiscretion keeps him from being a ninja.

Indisputable (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Impossible to doubt.

Synonyms: sure, certain, proven

Sentence : There is indisputable proof that sophomores are too smart for their own good!

Invigorating (Adj.)

DEFINITION: Giving strength and vitality.

Synonyms: strengthen, vitalize

Sentence : An afternoon nap can be invigorating after a hard day’s work .

Martyr (noun)

DEFINITION: a person who suffers very much or is killed because of their political or religious beliefs, and is often admired because of it Synonyms: sufferer, victim

Sentence :

She fought against racism all her life and died a martyr to the cause.

Obtuse (adj)

Def: not quick or alert in perception, feeling, or intellect; not sensitive or observant Synonym: dull. Sentence: Many people have stereotypes that blonds are obtuse.

oppression

Palpitate (v)

Def: to flutter or tremble • Synonym: beat • Sentence: His heart palpitated wildly.

list 28 panache - poignant

• panache • pernicious • perpetuate • plausible • poignant

Panache (n)

• Def: a grand or flamboyant manner • Synonym: style Sentence: Jackie O. Kennedy was known for her panache.

Pernicious (adj)

• Def: causing grave harm • Synonym: deadly • The Black Plague is a pernicious disease.

Perpetuate (V.)

DEFINITION: To cause to continue.

Synonyms: maintain, preserve, sustain, keep going

Sentence : It is unfortunate that society perpetuates stereotypes about minorities.

Plausible (adj)

• Def: seemingly valid or acceptable Synonym: possible, feasible Sentence: His theory of the Clippers being better then the Lakers is plausible.

Poignant (adj)

Def: profoundly moving; emotionally touching Synonym: touching Sentence: The scene in the movie was so poignant that people started to cry.

list 29 preceding - pursuing

• preceding • predilection • prime • profusion • pursuing

Preceding (adj)

• Def: coming before • Synonym: previous

Sentence: Refer back to the footnote on the preceding page.

Predilection (n)

• Def: a tendency to think favorably about something in particular • Synonym: preference • Sentence: KRod has a predilection for the Clippers.

Prime (adj)

• Def: first in importance; fundamental • Synonym: main, first Sentence: The prime source of production of honey is bees.

Profusion (n)

• Def: great quantity, more than is needed • Synonym: abundance; Example: Profusion of food in Africa would alleviate the starvation problems.

Pursuing (Adj./V.)

DEFINITION: Following in an effort to capture.

Synonyms: following, chasing, going after

Sentence : The police are still pursuing the criminal.

list 30 rational - stability

• rational, rationally • reconcile, reconciliation* • repent, repentance* • sojourn • stability, stable

Rational (adj)

• Definition: of sound mind • Synonym: logical, sensible • Related words: rationally (adverb), ration (verb), rationalize (verb), • antonym: irrational (adj) Monks are by far the most rational people.

reconcile

repent

Sojourn (n)

• Definition: A temporary stay • Synonyms: journey • Related: sojourner (noun) • Sentence: They had to make an unexpected sojourn in La Habra for the night.

Stability (n)

• Definition: the state of being continuous without change • Synonyms: consistency • Antonym: instability (noun) • Related: stable (adj.), stabilize (verb) • Sentence: In this recession financial stability is hard to find.

list 31 subsidiary - taboo

• subsidiary • surmise • sustain, -able, -ably • symbiotic • taboo*

Subsidiary (adj)

• Definition: serving to aid or supplement; secondary in importance • Synonyms: secondary • Related: subside (verb), subsidy (noun), subsidize (verb) • Sentence -Vitamins are subsidiary to child’s growth.

Surmise (v)

• Definition: to think or infer without strong evidence • Synonyms: infer • Sentence: He surmised that his girlfriend was cheating on him.

Sustainable (v)

• Def: to keep up or keep going • The land must be sustainable for life before people move in.

Symbiotic (n)

• Def: a similar relationship between interdependent persons or groups • When a fish and a sea anemone live together, that is a symbiotic relationship.

taboo

list 32 transportation - utility

• transportation • trend • trepidation • utility

Transport (v)

• Def: to carry or cause to go from one place to another • They transported the prisoner form one jail to another.

Trend (n)

• Def: general tendency or direction • It is hard to keep up with all the trends these days because they change so much.

Trepidation (n)

• Def: a state of fear or anxiety • It is hard to overcome trepidation.

Utility (n)

• Def: the quality of practical use; usefulness -

This chemical has no utility as an agricultural fertilizer

.