Transcript The Faces of Human Trafficking

The Faces of
Human Trafficking
Workshop for
Community of Christ
The Slave Trade: Is it Over?
• 1562: First English slaving expedition
• Over 12 million African slaves
trafficked over 400 years
• People forced, deceived, and sold into
exploitation
18TH – 19TH Century Abolitionists
• Increasing concern
Are you an abolitionist?
Should you be?
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in the late 18th
century
Former slaves e.g.
Olaudah Equiano
Church leaders e.g.
Thomas Clarkson
Female reformers
e.g. Hannah More
Parliamentarians e.g.
William Wilberforce
What is Human Trafficking?
• Modern day slavery
• Exploitation of persons for
commercial sex or forced
labor
• Does not require moving a
victim
• Force, fraud, or coercion used
to control victims
Forms of Modern Day Slavery
• Debt bondage: trapped in loans and
repayment to survive
• Descent slavery: born into discriminated
group
• Domestic servitude: hidden abuse of
workers
• Forced child labor: arms, drugs, sex,
work, begging, religious sacrifices, fraud
• These forms of slavery are not illegal in all
countries
People Trafficking
• People taken by deception or
violence for exploitation
• Fastest growing form of global
organised crime
• The second largest source of income
for organised crime
• Every country either a source,
transit, or destination for trafficking
The Faces of Human Trafficking
Victims:
anyone, anywhere can be a victim
Scope of the Problem
• Worldwide
 600,000 to 800,000 victims
trafficked annually across
international borders
 Estimated 80% of victims women and girls
 27 million people in slavery around the world
 $9 billion business
*After drug dealing, human trafficking is tied
with illegal arms trade as the 2nd largest
criminal industry in the world and the fastest
growing.
Scope of the Problem
• United States
 18,000 to 20,000 victims are trafficked
annually into the United States
 750,000 women were trafficked into the
US in the last decade
 300,000 to 400,000
children are victims of the
sex trade
Trafficking: How it Works
• Individuals told false promises
• Some children sold by parents
• Easier to smuggle people than drugs or
weapons
• Mafias or loosely organized crime
networks
• Hidden in ethnic enclaves and cultural
taboos
• People are reusable and resalable
Forms of Recruitment
• Smuggling networks
• Employment agencies
• Maid/ housekeeping/nanny schemes
• Mail order bride services
• Internet schemes
• False modeling agencies
• Befriending and/or seduction
• Illegal foreign adoption agencies
• Due to global economy, there is a
constant supply of victims
• Victims are a dispensable commodity,
readily replaceable
• Allure:
 The promise of a better life
 Needed income to support a family, to
provide medical care for
siblings, to be able to
survive
Endless Supply of Victims:
Why People are Trafficked
 Domestic Servitude
 Sex Work
 Forced Prostitution
 Marriages/Surrogacy
 Factory Work
 Begging
 International
Adoptions
 Agricultural Work
 Criminal Activity
 Restaurant Work
 Construction
 Hotel/ Motel

Housekeeping
Other Informal
Labor Sectors
Domestic Trafficking
• In any given country, domestic victims
can also be enslaved
• Runaways, homeless, mentally ill,
•
mentally handicapped, and migrants are
most vulnerable
Access to services may
differ, laws protecting
may differ
Trafficking
•Crime against a person
•Contains an element of coercion, force
or fraud
•Subsequent exploitation and/or forced
labor
•Trafficked
person is a
victim
Victims May be Smuggled or May Pay for
Entry to Another Country
Human Trafficking:
Key Components in the US Law
• Mode of Operation
 Force
 Fraud
 Coercion
3 Elements Necessary to
Meet Trafficking Definition in the US
1
2
3
Process/Action
Particular Means
Particular End
Recruiting
for the purpose of
OR
Involuntary Servitude
Harboring
OR
Moving
OR
Obtaining
a person,
by
Force
OR
Fraud
Or
Coercion
OR
Debt Bondage
OR
Slavery
OR
Sexual Exploitation
Vulnerability
• Destitute
• Little/no education
• Homeless or runaways
• Prior victims of domestic violence or
sexual assault and abuse
Psychology of Control
• Isolation
• Dependency
• Fear Instilled
• Abuse
• Shame
• Culture
• Victims may live under complete control from fear
• All or much of their movement is controlled
• Some victims are provided with occasional
•
“parties” where, for instance, they may have
access to other victims for prostitution
Some chained, others video monitored, locked up
This victim was
transported in a
glove box
Controlled Movement and Lives
Victim Mindset
• Limited or no language skills in current
country, literacy
• Unfamiliar with culture and systems
• Confined, isolated, at risk
• Fearful and/or distrustful of authority
• Unaware that they are a victim
• May develop loyalty to trafficker
• Unaware of where they are
• Fear for safety of family
Victims Can’t Rescue Themselves
• We must be alert to possible victims and be
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ready to call a hotline to get a situation
investigated
Where?
Migrant or immigrant communities
Areas known for prostitution
Law enforcement
Clinics/doctor’s offices
Restaurants
Hotels
Your own neighborhood
How to Recognize a Victim
• Not free to leave job
• Can’t come and go freely
• Have been threatened with harm or
harmed
• Has had family threatened
• Live with employer
• In debt to employer
• Do not have possession of own papers
• Break into small groups of 5 – 6 people
• Have you ever questioned whether
someone was a victim?
• What did you do?
• Knowing what you know now, what do
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you think are the signs you would
notice?
Remembering that victims might be
anywhere, where do you think victims
might be found in your community?
Be prepared to report your discussion to
the whole group.
Group Exercise 1
Needs of Victims
• Immediate safety
• Support to live

Housing, food, medical, safety and
security, language interpretation and legal
services
• Support to be restored to their own
lives

Health and mental health care, addiction
services, income security, legal status
Human Trafficking Victims are not
Criminals: They Have Legal Rights
• Safety
• Privacy
• Interpretation
• Information
• Legal
Representation
• Right to be heard
in court
• Civil compensation
• Medical assistance
• Immigration relief
• Repatriation
• Case Management
• Use some kind of paper to capture
ideas
 Give large sticky notes or big poster
paper to each group
• Assign a group leader and reporter
• What are your ideas for getting
involved as modern abolitionists?
• What would you like to do?
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 Together with other groups
 As a congregation
What is the next step?
Group Exercise 2
For More Information