Transcript Document

United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Injuries
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Introduction
• There are 4,000 heat related deaths per year.
• Heat is the second leading cause of death among young
athletes.
• With proper training and awareness, heat injuries can be
avoided
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Class Objectives
1) Identify the contributing factors of heat injuries.
2) Name the three main types of heat injury prevention.
3) Understand flag warnings and what work/rest cycles and
how to use them.
4) Identify the symptoms and treatment of sunburn, heat
cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Contributing Factors to Heat Injuries
• Previous Heat Injury
• Fatigue
• Sunburn
• Weather conditions
(hot, humid, sunny, etc…)
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Injury Prevention
• The three main ways to prevent heat
injuries are:
– Proper hydration
– Temperature monitoring
with appropriate work/rest cycles.
– Acclimatization
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Hydration
• Proper hydration begins 24 to 48
hours in advance of any work being
conducted in a hot environment.
• During work water should be drunk at
a moderate pace, not “chugged”.
• Electrolyte replenishment drinks
(Gatorade) may be used in
conjunction with water.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Hydration
• Do not OVER hydrate. Drinking too
much water can be dangerous.
• Urine should be in large volumes and
be relatively clear indicating proper
hydration.
• Small volumes and/or dark urine
indicate dehydration and the need to
drink more fluids.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Temperature Monitoring
• Temperature is a good indicator of
external stress on the body.
• It determines flag conditions and
work/rest cycles.
• Work/rest cycles will vary
depending on they type of work
being performed.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Acclimatization
• Definition: The ability of the body
to undergo physiological
adaptations to function in a hot
environment.
• Bottom Line: Allows your body to
get used to it’s surroundings.
• Used in hot or cold weather.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
More Ways To Prevent Heat Injuries
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Eat well balanced meals
Work in ventilated areas
Use the buddy system
Wear ventilated clothing
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
3 Levels of Work
• Easy Work:
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• Moderate Work:
Walking on hard surface without pack
Manual of arms
Marksmanship training
Drill and Ceremony
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Walking on hard surface with pack
Walking on loose sand or uneven ground
Calisthenics
Patrolling
Individual movement techniques
• Hard Work:
– Physical training run
– Confidence course
– Formation double time
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Flag Warnings
4 Levels of Flag Warnings
Yellow
Green
Red
Black
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Flag Warnings
Green Flag
• Temperature (82° - 84.9° F)
EASY WORK
MODERATE WORK HARD WORK
WORK/REST CYCLE
No Limit
50/10 min.
30/30 min.
WATER
½ Quart
¾ Quart
1 Quart
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Flag Warnings
Yellow Flag
• Temperature (85° - 87.9° F)
EASY WORK
MODERATE WORK HARD WORK
WORK/REST CYCLE
No Limit
40/20 min.
30/30 min.
WATER
¾ Quart
¾ Quart
1 Quart
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Flag Warnings
Red Flag
• Temperature (88° - 89.9° F)
EASY WORK
MODERATE WORK HARD WORK
WORK/REST CYCLE
No Limit
30/30 min.
20/40 min.
WATER
¾ Quart
¾ Quart
1 Quart
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Flag Warnings
Black Flag
• Temperature (> 90° F)
EASY WORK
WORK/REST CYCLE
WATER
MODERATE WORK HARD WORK
50/10 min.
20/40 min.
10/50 min.
1 Quart
1 Quart
1 Quart
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Injuries
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Sunburn
Heat Cramps
Heat Exhaustion
Heat Stroke
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Sunburn
• Sunburn is your skin’s response to overexposure to Ultra
Violet (UV) radiation.
• Dark skin helps protect your skin from such a reaction
through a larger amount of melanin which absorbs
damaging solar radiation
• A tan is a sign of sun damage and the skin trying to
prevent further damage.
• Can be prevented using sunscreen!!
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Sunburn
• Symptoms
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Painful reddened skin
Swelling
Blisters
Feaver
Chills
Weakness
Shock
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Sunburn
• Treatment
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Get out of the sun immediately
Apply a cold compress
Use a cooling gel containing Aloe
Take aspirin to relieve the pain
Sunburn will reach maximum intensity
12 to 24 hours after sun exposure
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Cramps
• Heat cramps are muscle contractions, usually in the
gastronomies or hamstring muscles (the muscles at the
back of the calves).
• These contractions are forceful and painful.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Cramps
• Symptoms
– Muscle cramps of the arms,
legs, or stomach
– Excessive sweating
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Cramps
• Treatment
– Immediately move the victim to a cool
place
– Monitor the victim and give water as
tolerated
– Should slowly drink at least one
canteen of water
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Exhaustion
• Also called heat prostration or
collapse.
• This is a condition in which
there is a disturbance in the
blood flow to vital organs of
the body.
• Results from excessive
sweating causing severe loss
of the body’s salt and water.
• Frequently follows severe
conditions of heat cramps.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Exhaustion
• Symptoms
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Dizziness and headaches
Nausea and vomiting
Gray, cold, clammy skin
Weak pulse
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Exhaustion
• Treatment
– Immediately move the victim to a cool
place
– Loosen clothing
– Apply wet cloths to head, arm pits, and
ankles
– Transport victim to the closest aid
station
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Stroke
• Also called sunstroke, it results from prolonged exposure to
extremely high temperatures.
• This is an EXTEREMLY serious condition in which the body’s
sweating mechanism stops working.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Stroke
• The body CAN NOT
release excessive heat.
• If not treated quickly,
permanent damage to
vital organs or DEATH
may occur.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Stroke
• Symptoms
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No perspiration
Flushed, dry, reddish, and very hot skin
Small pupils
Breathing difficulties
Fast strong pulse
Mental confusion and anxiety
Convulsions and sudden collapse
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Heat Stroke
• Treatment
– Transport the victim to the nearest
medical facility IMMEDITLY
– Cool the body using treatment methods
for heat exhaustion while enrounte to
the medical facility.
USS Comfort
USS Mercy
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Summary
1) Identify the contributing factors of heat injuries.
2) Name the three main things of heat injury prevention.
3) Know what flag warnings are and what to do in the event
of each warning.
4) Identify the symptoms and treatment of heat cramps, heat
exhaustion, and heat stroke.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps
Region 7-1 – Recruit Training
Questions???