Transcript 幻灯片 1
Reading Skills Text Study
Notes to the Text Words and Expressions
Idea Sharing
3 7
Identifying the Writer’s Purpose
Clues to Identify the Kind of Writing
Exercises
3 7 Reading Skills
I. Identifying the Writer’s Purpose
Writers write for a purpose. Three common purposes are: • to inform —to provide readers with information • about a topic; to persuade —to convince readers to believe a certain viewpoint or to take a certain course of • action; to entertain —to amuse readers in some way.
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II. Clues to identify the kind of writing
Kind Features
Informational writing facts & evidence: dates, statistics, figures, quotes Persuasive writing emotional appeals: rhetorical questions; Texts written to entertain dialogs, puns ( 双关 语 ) and/or figures of speech
Language
using technical jargon ( 行话 ) evaluating; judgmental informal
Sentence Structure
simple simple
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III. Exercises
Scan Text B with the following questions: 1. What is the text about?
Key
• It is about Martin Luther King.
Reading Skills
3 7 Reading Skills
2. What numbers do you see in the text? Are they dates, statistics or something else?
3. What quotes do you see in the text? Are they from experts, witnesses, or someone else?
Key
• • Mainly dates and some statistics.
Four full quotes in the text: one from Thoreau, an American writer; one from Gunnar Jahn of the Norwegian Nobel Committee; and two from Martin Luther King himself.
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4. Is the language technical, light and simple, or judgmental?
Key
• • There is no technical terms.
The formal language points to the fact that the writer intends to inform readers of the most famous civil rights movement leader —Martin Luther King.
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5. Is the text informational, persuasive or meant mainly to entertain? Or does the writer have more than one purpose?
Key
• The title indicates that the whole piece is going to be informational.
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Make Your Judgment
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11. Influence outside of Greek culture
During his presidential campaign in 1968, Senator Robert F. Kennedy quoted Aeschylus on the night of the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Kennedy was notified of King's murder before a campaign stop in Indianapolis, Indiana and warned not to attend the event due to fears of rioting from the mostly African-American crowd. Kennedy insisted on attending and delivered
an impromptu speech
and said: that delivered news of King's death to the crowd. Acknowledging the audience's emotions, Kennedy referred to his own grief at the murder of his brother, President John F. Kennedy
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“My favorite poet was Aeschylus. He once wrote: ”Even in our sleep, pain, which cannot forget, falls drop by drop upon the heart, until in our own despair, against our will, comes wisdom through the awful grace of God." What we need in the United States is not division; what we need in the United States is not hatred; what we need in the United States is not violence or lawlessness; but love and wisdom, and compassion toward one another, and a feeling of justice toward those who still suffer within our country, whether they be white or they be black... Let us dedicate ourselves to what the Greeks wrote so many years ago: to tame the savageness of man and make gentle the life of this world." The speech is now considered to be Kennedy's finest as well as one of the greatest speeches in American history.
3 7 Text Study
Make Your Judgment Go over the text quickly and answer the questions.
For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES), N (for NO), NG (for NOT GIVEN). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the text.
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1. The fight for equal rights for black American 2.
e n d e d a f t e r t h e s l a v e r y wa s a b o l i s h e d .
N Martin Luther King won the Nobel Prize for his efforts to reach the goal of equality with non-violent means. Y 3. The 1954 decision Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka was one of the achievements of King’s social-action programs.
Y
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4. Because of the Montgomery bus boycott Rosa Parks was arrested.
N 5. In the glorious speech
I Have a Dream
, he told the world of his faith in the brotherhood of man.
Y 6. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed with great protest from the whites.
NG 7. The movement sought to liberate Negroes at the expense of the enslavement of whites. N
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8. King called all the people who believed in 9. King put forward a series of civil rights 10. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made segregating blacks and whites in public facilities, and
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Active Expressions
Focus Study
7 Notes to the Text —Active Expressions 3
I. Active Expressions Pick up the active expressions in the following:
1. … and the bloody Civil War fought over the issue of freedom for slaves ended in a treaty of surrender in 1865. (introduction) 2. … but his dream and the fight for justice and equality live on. (introduction) 3. “Human progress never rolls in on wheels of inevitability…” 4. In 1983 Congress set aside the third Monday in January to honor King’s birthday.
3 7 Notes to the Text —Active Expressions
Active Expressions
end in live on roll in set aside • finish in a state of … • continue to exist • happen or arrive in large numbers • save something for a special purpose
3 7 Notes to the Text —Active Expressions
Translation
1.
研究表明，三分之一的婚姻以离婚 告终 。 2.
3.
4.
她一直 活到 1990 年才去世，享年 95 岁。 请柬 源源不断地送来 。 我 留出 两周时间用于度假 。
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Key
Notes to the Text —Active Expressions
• The study shows that one in three marriages ends in divorce.
• She lived on till 1990, when she died aged 95.
• Invitations kept rolling in .
• I have two weeks set aside for a holiday.
3 7 Notes to the Text —Focus Study
II. Focus Study
1. His power of persuasion gave the movement an injection of force that could neither be stopped nor slowed down.
sth. give sth. else an injection of force 某物给某事注入了 …… 的力量
3 7 Notes to the Text —Focus Study
Translation
毋庸置言，她的鼓励给我们这次计划的实施 注入了势不可挡的力量。
Key
There’s no doubt that her encouragement gave the application of our plan an injection of force that could neither stop nor slow down.
3 7 Notes to the Text —Focus Study
Translation
政府新出台的政策给低迷的股市打了一针强 心针。
Key
The new policy gave the stock market in downturn an injection of force.
3 7 Notes to the Text —Focus Study
2. He issued what was a call to all of those who believed in equality that the time had come for resistance to racist policies.
He issued what was a call to all of those… that the time had come for resistance to racist policies who believed in equality… 同位语从句，补充说明 call 的具体内容
3 7 Notes to the Text —Focus Study
Translation
• Einstein came to the conclusion that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light. • 他有把握赢得这场比赛吗？
Key
• • 爱因斯坦得出的结论是：宇宙中的最大速度是 光速。 Is there any certainty that he will win the match?
3 7 Notes to the Text —Focus Study
3. The movement does not seek to liberate Negroes at the expense of, the embarrassment of, nor the enslavement of whites. It seeks no victory over anyone. It seeks to liberate American society and to share in the self-liberation of all the people. seek to do sth. at the expense of 以 …… 为代价来寻求做某事
3 7 Notes to the Text —Focus Study
Translation
中国的发展不能以牺牲环境为代价，而是要寻 求一条人与环境相和谐的可持续性发展道路 。
Key
China does not seek to develop at the expense of environment. She seeks to find a way of sustainable development in the peaceful coexistence of human and nature.
3 7 Notes to the Text —Focus Study
Translation
个人利益的获得不应该以损害别人的利益为 代价，而是要寻求一种双赢的方法。
Key
Whoever shouldn’t seek to obtain his interest at the expense of others. He should seek to find a way of win-win.
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Word Using
Old to New
3 7 Words and Expressions —Word Using
I. Word Using
1. abolish
vt.
(introduction)
put an end to or stop a law or system officially
e.g.
The legislature passed a law to abolish income tax for the low-paid.
Translation
福利计划不可能那么快就被废除。
Key
Welfare programs cannot be abolished so quickly.
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2. bloom
v.
1) develop successfully; 2) produce flowers
e.g.
• The children are blooming.
• The trees bloom in May.
Translation
• 在他的领导下，协会得到了快速发展。
Key
• The association bloomed under his leadership.
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3. reverse
vt. change a decision, judgment, etc. to the opposite a. opposite to what is expected or has just been described n. (the ~) the opposite; the other way round
e.g.
• The appeal court reversed the original decision and set the prisoner free.
• The sentence is in reverse order.
• It hasn’t happened. The reverse has happened.
Practice
3 7 Words and Expressions —Word Using
•
Translation
还需要作更多的努力，以扭转集权趋势 。 • 德国的情况正好相反。 • 当然我并非不喜欢你，情况正好相反！
Key
• • More efforts are required to reverse the trend toward centralized power.
In Germany, the reverse situation is true.
• Of course I don’t dislike you—quite the reverse.
3 7 Words and Expressions —Word Using
4. accord with
match; agree with
e.g.
What he said does not accord with the fact.
Translation
这消息和我先前听到的不一致。
Key
The information did not accord with what I had been told previously.
3 7 Words and Expressions —Word Using
5. regulate
vt.
1) control something, especially by rules 2) adjust
e.g.
There are strict rules regulating the use of chemicals in food.
Translation
身体必须有控制机能以调整其所有功能。
Key
The body has to have control mechanisms to regulate all its functions.
3 7 Words and Expressions —Word Using
6. appeal for
make a special request for
e.g.
She appeared on television to appeal to the men for her child’s safe return.
Translation
该组织正在呼吁人们多捐款，帮助遭受震灾的人。
Key
The organization is appealing for more money to help people suffering from the earthquakes.
3 7 Words and Expressions —Word Using
7. bar
vt.
officially prevent someone from entering a place or doing something
e.g.
They barred her from leaving the country.
Translation
反对党领导人说，政府不允许他们参加选举。
Key
Opposition leaders say the government barred them from election.
3 7 Words and Expressions —Word Using
8. circulate
1) vt. send something to all members of a group of people 2) v. move around within a system, or make something do this
e.g.
• The news of victory quickly circulated round the town.
• Swimming helps to get the blood to circulate through the body.
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Translation
• 很多虚假消息散布开了。 • 如果肌肉紧张，血液就不能自由循环。
Key
• A lot of false information has been circulated.
• If your muscles are tense, blood cannot circulate freely.
3 7 Words and Expressions —Word Using
9. witness
n. 1) [C] someone who sees something happen 2) someone who tells a court what they know about a crime vt. see or notice something by being present when it happens
e.g.
• • • There were two witnesses to the accident.
a witness for the defense/prosecution The 1980s had witnessed increasing unemployment.
3 7 Words and Expressions —Word Using
10. discriminate
vi. treat a person or group differently from another in an unfair way
e.g.
It is illegal to discriminate against any ethnic or religious group.
Translation
为什么那么多公司认为可以歧视女人？
Key
Why do so many companies think it’s OK to discriminate against women?
3 7 Words and Expressions —Word Using
11. share in
have part of or take part in something
e.g.
How many people are to share in the profits?
Translation
该部门的所有成员都可使用这台复印机。
Key
All the members of the department share in the use of the copying machine.
3 7 Words and Expressions —Old to New
II. Old to New
correct match; agree with separate control sth. by rules move around friendship a law or set of laws suggest • amend • accord • segregate • regulate • circulate • brotherhood • legislation • propose
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Video Watching and Discussion
3 7 Idea Sharing
Video watching and discussion
Watch the video and tell Martin Luther King’s dream. And work in groups to tell your own dreams.
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Tips
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “ We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.
” I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
… More
3 7 The End of Section B To Horizon To Task