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电 大 英 语（I）
（第 七 讲）
UNIT TEN
UNIT ELEVEN
UNIT
TEN
I. Grammatical Structures;
II. New Words and Expressions;
III. Language Points and Difficult Sentences;
XI. Functional Practice;
V. Some Exercises.
一般过去时
( The Past Simple Tense )
倒装句
（ So + be / do + 主语 ）
Grammar
一般过去时
用法：表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示
过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与yesterday, last year, in
1965, a moment ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。
e.g.
I got up at five yesterday, but I didn’t get up so early this morning.
Did he watch TV last night?
I was in Grade One last year.
构成：动词用
过去式
否定、疑问句的构成：
若句中有 be动词或情态动词，则在其后加 not 或将其调至主语
前。若句中只有行为动词，则要用助动词 did 来帮忙。
Grammar
规则动词过去式的构成
1、一般情况下，加 -ed。
ask -- asked
help -- helped
watch -- watched
2、结尾是“e”的词，加 -d。
dance -- danced
love -- loved
live -- lived
3、重读闭音节词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写
这个辅音字母，再加 -ed。
stop -- stopped
drop -- dropped
beg -- begged
4、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，改 y 为 i，再加 -ed。
carry -- carried
study -- studied
hurry -- hurried
Grammar
过去式加 -ed 的读音
1、在清辅音后，读清辅音 / t / 。
worked / kt /
washed / t /
helped / pt /
passed / st /
watched / t t /
2、在浊辅音和元音后，读浊辅音 / d / 。
played / eid /
carried / id / answered / d /
lived / vd /
used / zd /
called / ld /
3、在 / t, d / 音后面, 读 / id / 。
wanted / tid /
needed / did /
Grammar
am, is -- was
are -- were
do -- did
go -- went
have -- had
see -- saw
can -- could
may -- might
dig -- dug
eat -- ate
find -- found
make -- made
hear -- heard
run -- ran
take -- took
hold -- held
speak -- spoke
leave -- left
不规则动词的过去式
keep -- kept
sleep -- slept
sweep -- swept
tell -- told
sell -- sold
begin -- began
sing -- sang
sit -- sat
swim -- swam
ring -- rang
give -- gave
bring -- brought
buy -- bought
think -- thought
teach -- taught
catch -- caught
come -- came
become -- became
grow -- grew
know -- knew
throw -- threw
blow -- blew
write -- wrote
drive -- drove
ride -- rode
get -- got
forget -- forgot
lend -- lent
send -- sent
spend -- spent
say -- said */sed/
pay -- paid
stand -- stood
understand -- understood
let -- let
put -- put
cut -- cut
read -- read*
Grammar
“ So + be / do + 主语 ” 句型
倒装句在英语中使用得很广泛，其构成如下：
将谓语动词或谓语的一部分，如助动词等移至主语的前面。
为了避免语言的重复，可以使用这种结构。
eg.
He has supper at seven o’clock, and so do I.
She is French, and so am I.
They were late, and so were we.
He went to India last year, and so did she.
语法练习
写出下列动词的过去式
：
go
think
be
happen
give
become
get
rain
tour
stay
pass
answer
use
live
run
borrow
wake
keep
say
grow
watch
write
clean
buy
play
smile
open
learn
see
read
stop
begin
swim
carry
study
finish
用括号里动词的适当形式填空。
语法练习
read (read) that book last week.
1. He __________
arrived
2. Last night he ___________
(arrive) just in time for the show.
3. Mary ___________
married (marry) Thomas yesterday.
4. Tom ___________
showed (show) us where to sit at the meeting yesterday.
5. Last summer we ___________
visited(visit) Uncle Jack.
6. It ___________
rained (rain) almost every day last month.
7. John _______
liked (like) to play piano when he was in secondary school.
8. Betty ___________
worked (work) hard all last year.
9. We ___________
changed(change) the color of our uniforms last Christmas.
10. Last year Frances ___________
bought(buy) her mother a pretty watch for
her birthday.
用括号内动词的正确形式填空：
语法练习
go
1. We __________
(go) to school at half past six every morning.
don’t know (not know).
is
2. Where __________
(be) Wu Dong? I ______________
was
He __________
(be) here five minutes ago.
3. The speaker _______________
won’t give (not give) us the talk the day after
tomorrow.
Do
do (do) morning exercises every day?
4. ________
you ________
will watch (watch) the basketball match this Sunday.
5. John ________________
6. Will
_______ you _________
speak (speak) at the meeting next Saturday?
8. It _______
were
was (be) Sunday yesterday. My parents and I ________
had (have) a good time there.
(be ) in the park. We ________
Did the artist ________
bring (bring) out his brush and _________
9. _____
begin
(begin) to draw the horse at once?
10. Kate ________________
doesn’t like (not like) playing table tennis.
语法练习
didn’t watch (not watch) TV just now.
11. They _________________
carried (carry) water for Grandpa Liu three days
12. They _____________
ago.
made
13. Mike and Jack ______________
(make) the model plane last
month.
Did your friends ________
have (have) a good time in the park
14. _______
that day?
went
15. My father ______________
(go) to Beijing a week ago.
Did Mary __________
study (study) at the No. 1 Middle School
16. ________
the year before last?
didn’t go
17. His parents _____________
(not go) out for a walk after supper
yesterday.
was
18. Where ___________
(be) Mei Fang last night?
根据要求改写下列句子。
语法练习
1. They had a meeting yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
Did they have a meeting yesterday?
2. Mrs Black does some cleaning every Sunday. (改为一般疑问句)
Does Mrs Black do some cleaning every Sunday?
3. I’m going to turn on the radio. (改为否定句)
I’m not going to turn on the radio.
4. There were no classes last Saturday afternoon. (改为反意疑问句)
There were no classes last Saturday afternoon, were there?
5. Those students did their best. (改为否定句)
Those students didn’t do their best.
6. It was November 10th the day before yesterday.（向划线部分提问）
What was the date the day before yesterday?
7. My brother went to Shanghai three days ago.（向划线部分提问）
When did your brother go to Shanghai?
8. They are going to visit the Summer Palace.（向划线部分提问）
What are they going to do?
仿照示例，把下列各句变成否定句。 语法练习
Patty /eat/ something this morning.
--- Patty didn’t eat anything this morning.
1. John /fly/ to New York last week.
John didn’t fly to New York last week.
2. Rita /go/ to the beach to swim last Monday.
Rita didn’t go to the beach to swim last Monday.
3. Helen /take/ her dog out last night.
Helen didn’t take her dog out last night.
4. Mr Taylor /park/ his car in the carpark yesterday.
Mr Taylor didn’t park his car in the carpark yesterday.
5. The moon /shine/ last night.
The moon didn’t shine last night.
6. Mrs White /buy/ something from the market this morning.
Mrs White didn’t buy anything from the market this morning.
7. My father /watch/ television last night.
My father didn’t watch television last night.
8. I /meet/ some friends at the library yesterday afternoon.
I didn’t meet any friends at the library yesterday afternoon.
仿照示例，把下列各句变成疑问句，然后做出简略回答。
语法练习
He came by ferry. (yes)
--- Did he come by ferry? Yes, he did.
1. Walter enjoyed himself at your party. (yes)
Did Walter enjoy himself at your party? Yes, he did.
2. The cat died last night. (no)
Did the cat die last night? No, it didn’t.
3. Peter drew a large dog on the blackboard. (yes)
Did Peter draw a large dog on the blackboard? Yes, he did.
5. Miss Yao gave a speech to her students yesterday. (no)
Did Miss Yao give a speech to her students yesterday? No, she didn’t.
6. Anna bought her mother a pair of new shoes yesterday. (yes)
Did Anna buy her mother a pair of new shoes yesterday? Yes, she did.
7. Peter finished his work early yesterday. (yes)
Did Peter finish his work early yesterday? Yes, he did.
8. Jim’s father gave Jim twenty dollars. (no)
Did Jim’s father give Jim twenty dollars? No, he didn’t.
9. Judy studied hard before the exams. (no)
Did Judy study hard before the exams? No, she didn’t.
10. Susan gave the beggar some food. (yes)
Did Susan give the beggar any food? Yes, she did.
用括号内所给动词的一般过去时填空：
语法练习
I _____
had (have) a good day at work today. The meeting ________
went
(go) well this morning. Bob ___________
was not (not be) there. He
___________
_________
overslept (oversleep) because he didn’t
hear (not hear) the alarm.
Lunch _____
was (be) terrible. We _____
tried (try) the new French
restaurant in the town center. The food ______
tasted (taste) awful. This
afternoon I ________
phoned (phone) Bill in America. He _______
told (tell) me
we’ve got a new contract there.
It _____
was (be) an awful drive home. The traffic _____
was (be) terrible.
Words and Expressions
1. at home
在家
stay at home
at work ( 人) 在工作； （机器）在运转
2. spend v. 度过；花费（钱财或时间）
eg. Where did you spend your holiday ？
He spent 500 yuan on a new coat.
* to spend … ( in ) doing…
干……花费……
eg. She spent two hours ( in ) talking to him.
Words and Expressions
v. 躺，说谎
3. lie
eg. He is lying on his bed.
Xiao Wang never lies to anybody.
Note:
lie (躺）
lay, lain
(过去式）
lie ( 说谎 )
lied, lied (过去式）
4. turn v. 旋转，转动
eg. The wheel turned slowly.
* to turn out
证明（是），结果（是）
eg. What he said turned out to be right.
* to turn off 关掉 to turn on 打开
eg. Turn off the light. / Turn on the radio.
language points
1. Where were you on the night of 17th August ?
注意日期的读法：
英国： the seventeenth of August
美国： August ( the ) seventeenth
2. And you were not at home, as you say.
* as you say
如你所说
3. Well, we thought…
我们原以为…
( think 用作过去式时， 可译为“ 原以为 ”)
language points
4. You said your husband became ill.
有些动词可以作系动词用：
become, feel, look, get, turn
eg. It’s getting cold.
When he’s angry, his face turns red.
Programme I:
Asking questions to check facts( 使用过去时 ):
Where were you last night ?
When did you go to that place ?
What did you see ?
Who did you speak to ?
Programme II:
Describing an illness:
----What’s the matter ? / the problem ?
What’s the trouble ?/ wrong with you ?
----I’ve got a cough.
---- How do you feel ?
---- I feel terrible.
UNIT
ELEVEN
I. Grammatical Structures;
II. New Words and Expressions;
III. Language Points and Difficult Sentences;
XI. Functional Practice;
V. Some Exercises.
Past Simple Tense of Irregular Verbs
（不规则动词的过去式）
Indefinite Pronouns ( 2 )
（不定代词）
Grammar
复合不定代词的构成
every
some
any
body
everybody
somebody
anybody
no
nobody
one
thing
everyone everything
someone something
anyone
anything
no one
nothing
* no one 为两个词。 由body, one 构成的复合不定代词表示人：
由thing 构成的复合不定代词表示物。
Grammar
用法：
1. 由 every 构成的复合不定代词都含有概括的意思，表示“一
切人”和“一切事物”
：
eg. Everybody should do his best to serve the people.
Everything is ready.
2. Someone, somebody,something一般用于肯定句：
anybody, anyone, anything 一般用于否定句和疑问句：
eg. There’s somebody in the room.
There isn’t anyone in the room.
He found something under his bed.
Did he find anything under his bed ?
Grammar
3. Somebody, someone, something 有时也用在疑问句种
， 含有 肯定的意思。
eg. Did somebody ( someone ) telephone me ?
Why didn’t you write something ?
4. Anybody, anyone, anything 也可以用在肯定句中，表
示“任何人”， “任何东西”。
eg. Anybody can do that well.
You can take anything here.
Grammar
5. 复合不定代词可以由形容词修饰作定语，但必须放在不定
代词的后面。
eg. They want to do something special today.
I hope there’s nothing wrong with her.
Is there anything serious ?
Somebody else will join us.
We need someone practical.
Words and Expressions
1. continue
v. 继续
continue to do sth.
eg. I will continue to study English.
2. busy
a. 忙碌的
* be busy with
忙于
eg. He is busy with some important work.
* be busy ( in ) doing sth.
eg. Mother is busy ( in ) writing a letter.
Words and Expressions
3. taste
v. 品尝
eg. I always taste a dish before it is ready.
4. Traffic n. 交通
traffic accident
交通事故
5. Surprise v. 使惊奇
to one’s surprise
令人惊奇的
eg. To my surprise, I found my son spoke English
well.
language points
1. I helped my Dad mend the car…
* help sb ( to ) do sth
help sb. with sth
帮某人做某事
eg. Will you please help me ( to ) cook the supper ?
Will you please help me with the supper ?
2. --- Are you a mechanic ？
--- Not really. 说不上。（一种委婉的说法）
3. The meeting went well this morning.
“went” 进行
= process
Programme I:
Interviewing people about the past:
What did you do at the weekend ？
Where did you go on Sunday ?
Who did you visit last week ?
How much did you spend ?
What happened ?
Programme II:
Showing you are listening:
Good.
Oh, dear !
That’s great !
How awful !
Did you?
Never mind.