Transcript Title
Updates on alternative technologies and
international developments in the
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Sectors
BACKGROUND
HCFC phase-out in developing countries has started.
Short/medium term targets: Freeze in 2013, 10%
reductions from 2015, 35% reductions from 2020.
HCFC-22 is the predominant refrigerant used in airconditioners in developing countries
Consumption of HCFC-22 in manufacturing and
servicing of air-conditioners in major developing
countries is significant (typically >70% of total HCFC
consumption) and growing rapidly
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BACKGROUND (CONT’D)
UNDP is engaged in HCFC phase-out in the Air
Conditioning sector in many developing countries
In many A5 countries, reduction in HCFC consumption
in the Air Conditioning sector is essential for compliance
with the 2013-2015 control targets, and also in
significantly reducing CO2 emissions
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MARKET FOR AIR-CONDITIONERS
Market for air-conditioners growing rapidly in developing
countries
Estimated HCFC-22 based room air-conditioner sales
(2009) in key developing countries in Asia-Pacific:
Country
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
2009 Sales
~30 million
3.15 million
1.35 million
0.93 million
0.70 million
1.15 million
0.45 million
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MARKET FOR AIR CONDITIONERS (CONT’D)
By 2020, market for air-conditioners in Asia-Pacific could
reach >100 million units and sales >US$ 20 billion
Refrigerant charge volumes for new air-conditioners
sold in Asia-Pacific (developing countries in 2009)
estimated at ~40-50,000 metric tonnes annually(!)
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TECHNOLOGY
Need for lifecycle management approach in technology
selection
Manufacturing
Use
End of Life
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TECHNOLOGY
MOP Decision XIX/6 urges maximizing climate benefits
when phasing out HCFCs
Lifecycle CO2 emissions from air-conditioners are 6095% indirect and 5-40% direct. In developing countries
direct emissions are higher due to local conditions
Both energy-efficiency and refrigerant GWP are critical
considerations to maximize climate benefits
Currently there is no perfect alternative for HCFC-22.
HFC and HC candidates involve compromises and
trade-offs
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TECHNOLOGY (CONT’D)
R-410A (GWP = 2,088*) has been the preferred
alternative in developed country markets since ~2000.
Population of air-conditioners with R-410A is already
about 200 million, mostly in developed countries: about
200,000 metric tonnes of R-410A in banks and
increasing!
R-410A energy-efficiency performance in general and in
high-ambient conditions in particular
Is R-410A a sustainable alternative for minimizing
adverse climate impacts?
____________________________
* IPCC 4th Assessment Report
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KEY ISSUES AND CONCERNS
Reducing HCFC-22 consumption in developing
countries without clear technology and policy signals,
will result in unintended and adverse climate impacts
For example, if developing countries restrict HCFC-22
based air-conditioners (manufacturing or imports),
automatic technology choice is likely to be R-410A.
Major developed-country technology providers showing
preference for R-410A (e.g. R&D focus on optimizing R410 systems and components, new products based on
R-410A etc.)
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KEY ISSUES AND CONCERNS
Significant expansion of HFC production facilities
Extensive introduction of high-GWP technologies will
lead to rapid increase in population of air-conditioners in
developing countries, based on these technologies
Considering prospective developing country markets by
2020, the net climate impact of HCFC phase-out with
high-GWP technology, is most likely to be negative!
A better, more forward-looking and climate-conscious
approach to alternatives is needed!
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WAY FORWARD
What can industry do?
Introduce and promote low-GWP, energy-efficient
alternatives (R-32, R-290, others) on priority
Support sustained R&D for new, better and safer
molecules for substituting HCFC-22, as well as
optimized components (e.g. compressors).
Cooperate with MP panels and implementing agencies
for sharing and disseminating latest technologies (e.g.
demonstration projects, technology workshops)
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WAY FORWARD
What can governments do?
Support incentives for better alternatives
Support policies that ensure level playing field for the
industry players
‘
Involve industry
regulations
in
formulation
of
policies
and
Support targeted and clear regulations that take into
account GWP and energy efficiency
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DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS
R-32 technology (UNDP): Commercial air conditioning
and heat pumps at Tsinghua Tong Fang, China
Ammonia/CO2 cascade technology (UNDP): Lowtemperature refrigerating and freezing systems at Yantai
Moon Group, China
Projects under implementation with target completion in
3Q2012.
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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Manufacturing line for R-290 based room airconditioners commissioned in China in June 2011 (at
Gree Appliances, Zhuhai)
Japan and Indonesia announce partnership in June
2011, for R-32 based room air-conditioners. Panasonic
will introduce R-32 based room air-conditioners in the
Indonesia market from 2014. Indonesia will prohibit
manufacturing, assembly and imports of R-22 based
room air-conditioners from 01 January 2015.
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THANK YOU!
Comments, suggestions and questions welcome
http://www.undp.org/chemicals/montrealprotocol.htm
[email protected]
[email protected]
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