Transcript Slide 1
True or False?
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2.
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8.
People with ADD have a tendency to be excessively
active.
Over stimulating environments have been correlated
with ADD and ADHD.
Ritalin can help cure ADD and ADHD.
Ritalin is a safe and effective drug.
Changing seating and the classroom arrangement is
beneficial for children who have ADD and ADHD.
People grow out of ADD and ADHD.
Gifted and talented individuals can have ADD and
ADHD.
Parenting styles can effect an individuals likelihood of
having ADD or ADHD.
ADD / ADHD
ADD
Developmentally inappropriate
failure of attention
Pervasive impulsivity
ADHD
Chronic tendency to be
excessively active
Lack control
Unable to concentrate
3 types
• Predominantly Inattentive
Type
• Predominantly HyperactiveImpulsive Type
• Combined Type
EFFECTS
Biological
Psychological
Social domains
Difficulties with
cognitive processing,
interpersonal skills, or
appropriate
classroom behavior
Environmental Causes
Allergic reaction to
food
Authoritarian
parenting
Lead
Over stimulating
Environments
Prevalence
3-7%
Boys (2:1-9:1)
20-30% of LD
50-90% hereditary
(1/3)
Assessment/Diagnostic Information
PSYCHOLOGIST
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Inattention
Hyperactivity-impulsivity
Present before 7yrs.
Present in at least 2
settings.
Significant impairment in
social, academic, or
occupational functioning.
Cannot occur when a
more severe
psychological disorder is
present.
Characteristics
Highly Impulsive
Acting Before
Thinking
Blurting Out
Failing to Listen
Inability to Finish
Tasks
Fidgeting
Squirming
Characteristics cont.
Not common of all children with ADD/ ADHD
Information processing
difficulties
Exceptional imagination
and creativity
Classroom behavior
problems
Difficulties making
transitions from one
classroom activity to
another
Few friendships with
peers, and possible
rejection by them
Perform miserably on
tests
Disruptive
Aggressive behavior
Adjustment Problems
Struggle Academically
and Socially
Less compliant to parents
(especially mothers)1
Medication Intervention
70% take Ritalin or
Concerta
(Psychositmulants)
70-80% respond
favorably
Medication cannot
work alone!
Side-effects to Psycho stimulants
Insomnia
Irritability
Abdominal Pain
Growth Retarded
Headaches
Weight Loss
Elevated Blood Pressure
Loss of Appetite
Depression
Drowsiness
Nausea
Skin Rash
Elevated Heart Rate
Abnormal brain wave activity
Slower Blood Flow
Lower Glucose metabolism
LONG-TERM EFFECTS ARE
UNKNOWN yet associates
with
Seizers
Used to “get high”
Behavior Intervention
Behavior Modification
Charts
Token economy charts
Response charts
Time-outs
Contingency
contracts
Cognitive behavior
therapy
Education Intervention
Predictable
Environment
Comfortable furniture
Seating location
Focus on certain
aspects of learning
and eliminate
unnecessary
information
Instructional Ideas
Multimodal Interventions
Functional Assessment
Self-Regulation
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Self-Observation
Self-Assessment
Self-Recording
Self-Determination
Self-Administration
Home-School
Collaboration
Instructional
Modification
Medication
Technology
Speech recognition
Optical character
recognition
Computer flow charts
Inspiration
Spelling checkers
Computer program for
auditory processing
problems
Fastforward
Earobics
Other Interesting Information
LATER IN LIFE
Adjustment Problems
Frequently drop out
Commit reckless
delinquent acts
More job changes
Marital disruptions
More traffic accidents
Personal problems/
emotional
disturbances
Other Interesting Information
Over diagnosed in the
US
Gifted and Talented
students affected
Children “grow out of
it”
Resources for School Personnel
Moss, R.A., & Dunlap, H.H.
(1990). Why Jonny can’t
concentrate: Coping with
attention deficit problems. New
York: Bantam.
Barkley, R.A. (1995). Taking
charge of ADHD: The
complete, authoritative guide
for parents. New York:
Guilford.
Rief, S.A., (1993). How to
reach and teach ADD/ADHD
children: Practical techniques,
strategies, and interventions
for helping children with
attention problems and
hyperactivity. San Francisco:
Jossey-Bass.
Children and Adults with AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder
www.chadd.org
CH.A.D.D. (Children and Adults with
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
8181 Professional Place Suite
201Landover, MD 20185
(301) 301-7070
(800) 233-4050
National Attention Deficit
Disorder Association (ADDA)
1788 Second Street, Suite 200
Highland Park, IL 60035
(847) 432-ADDA
Resources Used
American Psychiatric Association. (2000).
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorders (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.:
Author
Berk, L.A., (2002). Infants, children, and
adolescents (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn &
Bacon.
Bukatko, D., & Daehler, M.W., (2001). Child
development: A thematic approach (4th ed.).
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Dworetzky, J. P., (1996). Introduction to
Child Development (6th ed.). St. Paul: West
Publishing Company.
Gargiulo, R.M., (2003). Special education in
contemporary society: An introduction to
exceptionality. Belmont: Wadsworth/
Thomson Learning.
Kail, K.V., & Cavanaugh J.C., (2000).
Human development: A lifespan view (2nd
ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth/ Thomson
Learning.
McDevitt T.M., & Ormrod J.E., (2002). Child
development and education. New Jersey:
Merrill.
Ormrod, J.E., (2000). Educational
psychology: Developing learners (3rd ed.).
New Jersey: Merrill.
Shaffer, D.R., (2002). Developmental
psychology: Childhood and adolescence
(6th ed.). Georgia: Wadsorth.
www.add.org/content/research/causes.html
www.add.org/content/school/list.html
www.kidsource.com/feingold/add.strategies.
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www.kidsource.com/NICHCY/ADD6.html