Transcript Slide 1

How to find your way around …
You can play the
PowerPoint and the
Test here.
START
FINISH
How to find your way around …
Always click the
‘home’ icon to save
your progress and
log off.
This is important!
START
FINISH
Basic Back Care Theory
For all staff undertaking patient handling as part of
their job role.
START
FINISH
Course Objectives
On completion of the Basic Back
Care Theory course you will
understand the:
• The definition of a Risk &
Hazard
• The Health and Safety law that
applies to manual handling
• The risk assessment process in
manual handling
• An overview of the structure
and function of the spine
• Best practise on how to look
after your back
• Highlight unsafe procedures
when assisting clients
START
FINISH
Manual Handling Injuries are common
across the care sector
Manual handling injuries account for approximately 30% of all general workplace
reported injuries and almost 50% of reported injuries by care workers who assist
clients to move.
manual
handling
all other
causes
However, these only represent the tip of a very large pyramid. For each injury
reported it is estimated that there are 10 additional injuries that are not reported and
approximately 200 near misses.
Remember that moving and handling people presents the highest risk of
injury, far higher than any other group of workers.
START
FINISH
What does the law say we must do about the risk
of harm associated with manual handling?
This is covered by the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 which aims to make the
workplace as safe as reasonably possible for staff and anyone affected by their
work and puts requirements on employers and employees.
Central to this course is the Manual Handling
Operations Regulation 1992 with other
regulations that are also relevant.
Health and Safety
at Work Act 1974
Manual Handling
Operations
Regulation 1992
START
The Management
of Health &
Safety at Work
Regulation 1999
FINISH
Provision & Use
of Work
Equipment
Regulation 1998
Manual Handling Operations Regulation 1992
Where there is a risk of injury in manual handling the regulation
requires:
Avoid the need for manual handling if possible for example by
rearranging the task or using equipment?
Assess all the manual handling tasks that cannot be avoided.
Reduce the risk of injury to the lowest level reasonably
practicable (SFAIRP).
Review the risk assessment and the safe system of work. This
is done if anything changes to affect the level of risk and also at
regular and scheduled intervals.
This can be summarised as follows.
START
FINISH
Law -Manual Handling Operations Regulation
1992
Manual Handling
Operations
Regulation 1992
Avoid if possible
START
Assess the risk of
injury
FINISH
Reduce the risk of
injury to the
lowest level
reasonable
practicable
Review the
assessment
What are our responsibilities as
members of staff?
We need to follow the safe system of work as
laid down in the moving and handling plan.
If any changes occur that make the moving and
handling plan no longer current and applicable,
this must be reported immediately to the
responsible person. We must therefore consider
this each time we undertake the task.
START
FINISH
Risk assessment – the different between
a hazard and a risk
Central to understanding the risk assessment process is the difference between a hazard and
a risk. In everyday language these terms are used to express the same thing. For example,
'that was hazardous' or 'that was risky'.
In risk assessments however they have distinct and different meanings.
A Hazard –
is anything that has
the potential to cause
harm.
Trailing leads,
confined spaces,
water on the floor are
all examples of a
hazard.
START
A Risk - is the chance or
probability of harm occurring
from a hazard and takes into
account the likely
seriousness of the injury or
incident should it occur.
identical trip hazard such as
a box is a higher risk on
stairs than it is in the corner
of a seldom used store room.
FINISH
Question
If something has the potential to cause harm, it is
labelled as a...
RISK
HAZARD
Continue
START
FINISH
The Risk Assessment Process in Manual
Handling - TILEE
Manual Handling
Operations
Regulation 1992
T ASK
START
I NDIVIDUAL
L OAD (CLIENT)
FINISH
E NVIRONMENT
E QUIPMENT
Risk Assessment – The Task
Risk factors to consider about the Task
Does the task take
a long time to
complete and is
there sufficient rest
between tasks?
How is the task currently
performed?
Is there sufficient rest
between this task and
the next?
Does it involve
twisting, or
bending?
Does it require you to
reach upwards or
forwards?
How long does the
task take?
What postures and
movements are
required?
When and how often is it done?
START
FINISH
Risk Assessment – The Individual (you & me)
Things to consider about yourself
Have you read the client's
moving and handling plan
or are you undertaking the
task with someone who is
familiar with it?
Are you pregnant and
does the pregnancy mean
that this particular manual
handling task is an
excessive risk?
Just because most people
can undertake a task
safely does not mean that
everyone can do so. You
must consider whether it
is safe for you to do the
task.
Are you familiar with any
equipment used in the
workplace to assist the
client?
How well do you know the client
and do you know how they might
react to a given situation.? Do you
know them well enough to
maximise their level of
cooperation?
Are you trained and even with
training are you confident that you
have the knowledge to undertake
this particular task?
Are you fit enough to do the task or
do you have an injury or a medical
condition that might put you at
excessive risk of injury or prevent
you from applying best practice
techniques?
If in doubt always seek advice.
Risk Assessment – The Client
The following list is not meant to be exhaustive but includes some factors relating to clients
that need to be taken into account during a risk assessment:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
apprehension or fear of being moved
degree of cooperation
ability to understand and communicate
behaviour
sensory impairment
pain
tissue viability
medication
weight
type of clothing
For example:
Clothing - tightly fitted non-elastic clothing will increase the risk when assisting a client with
dressing. Different clothes or making adaptations such as Velcro seams can reduce the effort
and risks and is appropriate for some clients based on the assessment.
Pain - pain relief and manual handling should be coordinated.
Ability to understand and communicate - communication with clients should
always be specific to that individual and be at appropriate level in terms of content,
speed, pitch etc.
START
FINISH
Risk Assessment – The Environment
Is there enough space for the task? Is there enough space for the client, for you and your
colleagues and all the equipment you may need to use?
Are there problems in the design of the environment? Are the doorways and corridors too
narrow or is the shape of the environment awkward?
Is there anything on the floor that you or your client might slip or trip on? Slide sheets are
particularly high risk slip hazards.
Is it too hot or too cold which might impair your grip or cause fatigue?
Is your environment very busy, noisy or distracting?
Risk Assessment – The Equipment
Does the Task require specific equipment, for example a height adjustable profiling bed or
slide sheets?
Is the equipment safe and is it maintained with all attachments?
Is everyone trained and competent in using the equipment.
START
FINISH
Work equipment requirements are stated in the:
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulation (PUWER) 1998
Equipment is often used to assist clients to move and these must be fit for purpose.
What work equipment is covered?
Generally any equipment which is used at work, for example; beds, patient hoists, slide sheets
and rota stands.
What are the requirements?
-
it must be suitable for the intended purpose
-
it must be safe for use and maintained in a safe condition
-
it must be used by people who have received adequate training and instruction to use it
safely
- it must be fitted with adequate guards and warning signs where appropriate.
A simple guide to PUWER 1998 can be found on the Health and Safety Executive website
START
FINISH
Moving and Handling Forms
• Policies and Procedures/Risk Management
• Appendix 2 is a guide to completing the risk assessment and handling plan for
LOADS and CLIENTS
• Appendix 3 is the LOAD handling risk assessment
• Appendix 4 is the CLIENT handling risk assessment
START
FINISH
Law – Human Rights Act 1998
On a final but important note regarding law, clients also have rights including those
laid down in the Human Rights Act 1998 which is based on the European
Convention on Human Rights.
The relevant articles of the Convention are:
Article 2 - The right to life
Article 3 - Inhuman treatment. No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 8 - The right to privacy. Everyone has the right for his private and family life,
his home and his correspondence.
Good and effective communication with the involvement of the client and where
appropriate relatives and advocates is all important.
START
FINISH
Anatomy
The human spine consists of 32 individual bones
(vertebrae) that are stacked one on top of another to
form a flexible column. Viewed from the side the
spine has a series of curves which act like a spring to
protect our heads from the forces generated by
walking and jumping.
What are the different structures that form the spine?
(Intervertebral) disc - Are flat, round discs that act
as shock absorbers and physical spacers to separate
the vertebrae to allow room for the spinal nerves to
exit the spine. The discs also allow the spine to be as
flexible as it is.
The facet joints are paired joints at the back of the
spine which direct and limit the range of movement
between vertebrae.
The Vertebrae (individual spinal bones)
START
FINISH
Anatomy
Ligaments - are tough bands of tissue that surround the facet joints and
also pass between the bodies of the vertebrae. Ligaments help limit
movement and they hold everything together
Spinal Muscles - like all muscles these provide the power to move bones, in
this case the vertebrae. These muscles are small, delicate and weak (when
compared with the large leg muscles) and form a network that runs the
length of the spine.
For example, any individual muscle may span one, two, three or more
vertebrae which allows very fine control over the spine.
These muscles are not designed for powerful work, such as bending the
back to lift loads.
Tendons - are non contractile bands that join the muscles to the bone.
These are needed because they take up less space on the bone. The best
place to see tendons is the wrist where they pass from the forearm
muscles to the fingers.
The spine is a remarkably strong and flexible structure
but only when used correctly
START
FINISH
Question
How many vertebrae make up the human spine?
32
34
36
Continue
START
FINISH
Advice on moving and handling more safely
When moving or handling any load, object or person
1. Avoid the need to do the task if it is practicable to do so.
2. Think. If it is not practicable to avoid then where necessary plan the task before
doing it for real. For example, before hoisting a client from a bed to a wheelchair
is all the equipment available? Is the bed at the correct height and can both
sides of the bed be accessed?
3. Spine-in-line. Once you are ready to begin manual handling you should keep
your back as straight as possible. This is called 'spine-in-line. It simply means
avoid twisting your back or bending forwards, backwards or to the side.
4. Stable and mobile base. The feet should be placed shoulder width apart with
one foot in front of the other and the knees and hips slightly bent. By using the
hips and knees the need to bend the spine is reduced.
5. Load close. The load should be kept as close to the body as possible
although when assisting a client this can be problematic as clients can
sometimes be unpredictable in behaviour.
START
FINISH
Advice on moving and handling more safely
In addition to the Key Safer Principles you should always try to:
• Move smoothly rather than jerk
• Report any concerns that you may have, for example if something within the
environment prevents you from adopting these principles when moving and
handling.
Finally, consider how a small child would pick up a toy from the floor.
A child lifts with a straight back and using the hips and knees to bend because of
his lack of balance and back muscle strength but this is the way that we are
'designed' to lift. The way that most adults move, lift and handle loads and objects is
essentially a learned bad habit.
Controversial Techniques
A number of techniques used to be used to move and handle clients but since the Manual
Handling Regulation 1992 and the need to reduce the risk of injury they are now considered
unsafe and not to be used.
The Orthodox Lift
The Drag Lift
The Top and Tail
The Australian
Lift
The Bear Hug
Attempting to catch a falling client (unless in contact at the time of falling and when the
member of staff is able to following the advice on safer handling and the client is not taller or
heavier than the member of staff)
These techniques carry a high chance of injury to staff and to clients
START
FINISH
Controversial Techniques
The drag lift
Is the most common of the controversial handling techniques in the care sector as a
whole. It is an attempt to move the client by application of force under the
arms/armpits. Examples include dragging a client
•
•
•
•
Into standing
Whilst walking
Into a sitting position in bed
Up the bed whist the client is sitting
The drag lift can result in harm to the member of staff and to the client who may
sustain gradual damage to the shoulders or a sudden traumatic injury such as a
dislocated shoulder.
Beyond the Trust such injuries are likely to be of interest to numerous bodies
including the Crown Prosecution Service.
START
FINISH
Summary
Recommended Loads
Remember, if you want to find more information / evidence
about this subject or anything else which is relevant to your
work or study, join your local healthcare library.
For staff in Essex contact Basildon Healthcare Library.
www.btuheks.nhs.uk
[email protected]
01268 524900 EX3594
It may be that you work in a different
area,
for example Luton.
Details of all the Health Libraries in
the East of England can be found at
this site…
www.eel.nhs.uk
You are welcome to join any of these.
START
FINISH
Review of Objective(s)
Before completing the test, please ensure you have acquired the relevant
knowledge against the modules objective(s) below:
“On completion of the Basic Back Care Theory course you will understand the:
•
•
•
•
•
•
The definition of a Risk & Hazard
The Health and Safety law that applies to manual handling
The risk assessment process in manual handling
An overview of the structure and function of the spine
Best practise on how to look after your back
Highlight unsafe procedures when assisting clients”
If not, please take this opportunity to revisit the presentation content.
CONTINUE
START
FINISH
You now need to take the test!
Remember to
click the ‘home’
icon when you
have finished
the test to save
your results!
START
FINISH