Breast Feeding vs. Bottle Feeding

Karen Johal Jensine Yang

 What are the advantages of…

breast feeding?

bottle feeding?

Breast milk…where does it come from?

Breast milk…where does it come from?

  Prolactin Oxytocin  Colostrum  Foremilk  Hindmilk  Proteins  Carbohydrates  Fats  Vitamins  Recommended for first 6 months

Benefits for Mom

    Delay in return of ovulation Prolactin has protective qualities regarding breast cancer Risk for Type II diabetes is decreased by up to 50% Helps lose dangerous belly fat and other weight that was accumulated during pregnancy

Benefits for Mom

  Important bonding time with child Decreased mealtime conflict between mother and child in later childhood

Benefits for Baby

 Ideal food for babies  Provides innate immunity  Protection from infectious diseases  Better cognitive development

Benefits for Baby

 Breast-fed infants don’t suffer from constipation as regularly as formula-fed infants  Compared to formula-fed infants, breast fed infants had proper growth and energy balance

Benefits for Baby

 Breast-fed infants have a decreased risk for obesity http://www.healthjockey.com/2009/03/31/weight-gain-during-

Study: Self-regulation and feeding mode

     Conducted from 2005-2007 1250 infants studied Purpose: What is the relationship between obesity and feeding mode?

Questionnaires used to collect data in first year of infancy and later childhood If emptied bottle or cup in later infant life, considered unable to self-regulate

Results

    of the exclusively breast-fed infants: 27% emptied the cup of the mixed-mode fed infants: 54% emptied the cup of the exclusively bottle-fed infants: 68% emptied the cup Additionally, exclusively breast-fed infants emptied the cup

later

in life

And so we can conclude….

 Breast-fed infants are better self-regulators, thus less likely to overeat and become at risk for obesity.

 Thus breast feeding is possibly beneficial in the prevention of obesity.

Bottle feeding: Risks

 Mothers limit their interaction with their babies  Formula preparation  Plastic baby bottles that leach BPA

Disadvantages of Breast Feeding

 inconvenience  not everyone can feed the baby  lack of social acceptability  limited ‘safe space’ for mothers to breast feed  discomfort  pain, tenderness, and inflammation of the breasts

Disadvantages of Breast Feeding

  health of the mother   presence of drugs or alcohol possibility of viral transmittance  presence of chemical and environmental contaminants  PCB, DDE health of the infant   intolerances, deficiencies, weight need for nutrient supplementation  iron, fats, folates

Advantages of Bottle Feeding

  specific to infant’s dietary needs specialty formulas for babies that are born with metabolic conditions  lactose-free formulas  lactose intolerance or galactosemia  pre-mature formulas  low-birth or premature infants  contain more proteins, vitamins, minerals  debatable - depends on the infant’s gestational age and overall health

Study Supporting Bottle Feeding

   compared folate content in human milk and casein-based and soya-based formulas higher folate and lower tHcy in formula fed infants than human milk-fed infants at 5 months infants fed on human milk consistently had the lowest folate intake while infants fed on soy-based formula had the highest folate intake

In Conclusion…



Breastfeeding:

 gives baby innate immunity  provides a good balance of nutrients  positively impacts mother’s health  difficult in today’s society

In Conclusion…



Bottle feeding:

 viable alternative  provide baby with as much nutrition when prepared correctly   independent of the mother’s health be mindful about the bottles used  know how to prepare and heat the formula

Decision?

 personal choice  consider medical conditions  be informed about whatever method you choose to use!

Thank you!

Questions?

Sources

       Anderson, John E.; Marks, James S.; Park, Tai-Keun. "Breast-Feeding, Birth Interval, and Infant Health." American Academy of Pediatrics Pediatrics: Official Journal of the 74.5 (1984): 695. Web. Bercovich, Dani; Goodman, Geoffrey. "Prolactin does Not Cause Breast Cancer and may Prevent it Or be Therapeutic in some Conditions." Medical Hypotheses 70.2 (2008): 244. Web. Brown, Jeanette S.; Creasman, Jennifer M.; McClure, Candace K.; Schwarz, Eleanor Bimla; Stuebe, Alison; Thom, David.; Van Den Eeden, Stephen K. "Lactation and Maternal Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study." The American Journal of Medicine 123.9 (2010): 863. Web. Jonas W., Nissen E., Ransjö-Arvidson A.B., Wiklund I., Henriksson P., Uvnäs-Moberg K. "Short- and Long-Term Decrease of Blood Pressure in Women during Breastfeeding.." (2008): 103. PubMed. Web. Lakshman, R., D. Ogilvie, and K. K. Ong. "Mothers' Experiences of Bottle-Feeding: A Systematic Review of Qualitative and Quantitative Studies." Mayo Clinic Staff. "Infant Formula: Your Questions Answered." Park Alice. "Reproductive Health. the Benefits of Breast-Feeding--for Mom." Archives of Disease in Childhood TIME Mayoclinic.com

2010: 22. Breastfeeding Medicine . Mayo Clinic, 16 Oct. 2010. Web.

Middle Search Plus. 94.8 (2009): 596. Print. Web.

     Quitmeyer, Aimee, and Rebecca Roberts. "Babies, Bottles, and Bisphenol A: The Story of a Scientist-Mother." Web.

PLoS Biology 5.7 (2007): 1399. Savino, Francesco, and Maria Maddalena Lupica. “Breast Milk: biological constituents for health and well-being in infancy” Medicina 97.10 (2006): 519. Web. Young-Hee Han, Miyong Yon, Heon-Seok Han, Kwang-Yup Kim, Tsunenobu Tamura, Taisun H. Hyun. "Folate Contents in Human Milk and Casein-Based and Soya-Based Formulas, and Folate Status in Korean Infants." British Journal of Nutrition Recenti Progressi in (2008): 1769. Web. Rogan WJ, Gladen BC. Study of human lactation for effects of environmental contaminants: the North Carolina Breast Milk and Formula Project and some other ideas. Environ Health Perspect. 1985;60:215– 221.

Mennella JA, Garcia-Gomez PL (2001) Sleep disturbances after acute exposure to alcohol in mothers’ milk. Alcohol 25:153–158.