Transcript Slide 1

Antebellum America
The Abolition Movement
The movement to abolish slavery
After Nat Turner, it became a radical movement
Different groups had different ideas to end slavery
1.American Colonization Society- They wanted to
send blacks back to Africa. They even started the
colony Liberia to send former slaves to.
Abraham Lincoln once supported this option.
2. Others wanted blacks to remain as free citizens.
William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass
Assenting to the "self-evident truth" maintained in the American Declaration
of Independence, "that all men are created equal, and endowed by their
Creator with certain inalienable rights -- among which are life, liberty and the
pursuit of happiness," I shall strenuously contend for the immediate
enfranchisement of our slave population. In Park-street Church, on the Fourth
of July, 1829, in an address on slavery, I unreflectingly assented to the popular
but pernicious doctrine of gradual abolition. I seize this opportunity to make a
full and unequivocal recantation, and thus publicly to ask pardon of my God,
of my country, and of my brethren the poor slaves, for having uttered a
sentiment so full of timidity, injustice and absurdity. A similar recantation,
from my pen, was published in the Genius of Universal Emancipation at
Baltimore, in September, 1829. My conscience is now satisfied.
I am aware, that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not
cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as
justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with
Frederick Douglass
Former Slave who escaped to the North
Believed in Non-Violence
He wrote Narrative of the Life of
Frederick Douglass in 1845
He would later become a secret
advisor to Abraham Lincoln
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
(1811 – 1896)
So this is the lady who started
the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1852
 Sold 300,000 copies in
the first year.
 2 million in a decade!
Harriet Beecher Stowe
She attacked slavery, but she also attacked
people who weren’t doing anything about it
2nd best Selling Book of the 19th century
behind the Bible
Uncle Tom’s Cabin brought slavery out of just the
Political realm and brought it into the social realm.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852
Missouri Compromise
• In 1819, Missouri considered in Congress for
statehood
– There are 11 slave states, 11 free states
– Missouri would upset the balance in the Senate
• South says North conspiring to destroy the
Union, end slavery
• North says South trying to extend slavery
Missouri Compromise-1820
• At the same time, Maine is seeking admission
as a state
• Maine will be admitted as a Free State, MO
can be added as a Slave State
• No more slaves in Louisiana Territory
• MO drafts a Constitution that prohibited
FREE blacks from entering
Missouri Compromise
12th President- Zachary Taylor
13th President- Millard Fillmore
Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850
1.California comes in as a Free State
2. New, stronger Fugitive Slave Law- law requiring
northerners to return runaways to their owners
3. Slave Trade in Washington D.C. is abolished.
4. New Mexico and Utah would have Popular
Sovereignty – people living there can decide
whether they want slavery or not.
Underground Railroad
Not a railroad. Not Underground
A system used to help slaves escape to freedom
Harriet Tubman
She was an escaped
slave who went back to
the South 19 times and
was responsible for
helping 300 slaves
escape to freedom
1852- Franklin Pierce becomes President of the U.S.
The Saddest President
Sad
15th President- James Buchanan
Illinois Senator
Stephen A Douglas
Has a great Idea
More Popular
Sovereignty
Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1854
Pro-Slavery men pour over into Kansas from
Missouri. Anti-Slavery men come from up North.
Most are voting illegally,
but no way to prove it.
Pro-Slavery men win(illegally)
but now Kansas is a slave state
THIS LEADS TO:
“Bleeding Kansas”
1856
Lawrence, KS was an abolitionist town.
The pro-slavery attacked and burned it down
John Brown
Radical
Abolitionist
Will Retaliate
But first?
“The Crime Against Kansas”
Sen. Charles Sumner
(R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks
(D-SC)
This sends John Brown over the edge!
John Brown led a raid on a proslavery camp
and killed 5 proslavery people by splitting
open their skulls with broadswords.
He gets away with it, but
everyone knows who did it!
1859
John Brown is back!
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
John Brown’s Fort
John Brown- Madman or Martyr?
Dred Scott Case
Get out your
packets!
Supreme Court Ruled:
1. Dred Scott was NOT Free
2. Scott was NOT a Citizen
3. If Scott isn’t a Citizen,
then he can’t sue anyone
in court
4. Scott was property and
owners can take property
wherever they want and not Roger Taney
Chief Justice of
lose it.
Supreme Court
1858 Mid-Term Elections
Abraham Lincoln VS. Stephen A Douglas
Illinois Senate Race
VS
Who wins?
Stephen A Douglas
Presidential Election of 1860
John Breckenridge
Stephen A. Douglas
Kentucky
Illinois
Southern Democrat
Democrat
Abraham Lincoln
John Bell
Illinois
Tennessee
Republican
Constitutional Union
LINCOLN WINS!
Lincoln has to wait 4 months
before he becomes President
James Buchanan is still
President for 4 months!
5 ½ Weeks after the election.
December 1860, South Carolina
secedes from the Union
By February 1861, 6 more states seceded:
MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX
These were all “Deep South” States where
slavery was most important
Texas would say:
We hold as undeniable truths that the governments of
the various States, and of the confederacy itself, were
established exclusively by the white race, for
themselves and their posterity; that the African race
had no agency in their establishment; that they were
rightfully held and regarded as an inferior and
dependent race, and in that condition only could their
existence in this country be rendered beneficial or
tolerable.
February 1861- Confederate States of America
is started.
Jefferson Davis
Mississippi Senator
is elected
as 1st president
The new constitution has put at rest, forever, all
the agitating questions relating to our peculiar
institution — African slavery as it exists amongst
us — the proper status of the negro in our form of
civilization. This was the immediate cause of the
late rupture and present revolution. Jefferson in
his forecast, had anticipated this, as the "rock
upon which the old Union would split." He was
right. What was conjecture with him, is now a
Alexander Stephens realized fact. But whether he fully comprehended
CSA Vice President the great truth upon which that rock stood and
Cornerstone Speech stands, may be doubted.
(Jefferson's) ideas, however, were fundamentally wrong. They rested
upon the assumption of the equality of races. This was an error. ...
Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite idea; its
foundations are laid, its corner–stone rests, upon the great truth that
the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery — subordination
to the superior race — is his natural and normal condition.
Lincoln takes office in March 1861
Lincoln said he
wouldn’t interfere
with slavery where it
already existed and
reminded the country
that secession was
illegal
By March, 1861, The US only controlled 4 forts
that were in the Confederacy.
By April, 1861, only one remainedFort Sumter- Charleston, SC
Lincoln sent supply ships to Sumter, but
Southerners wouldn’t let the ships dock
Before the Ships arrived, Jefferson Davis
ordered the Confeds to fire on Ft. Sumter
April 12, 1861 @ 4:30 Am. South Carolina
started firing on Ft. Sumter. Union soldiers tried
to fight back but ran out of ammo and supplies
Eventually. No Union soldiers killed in the fight.
Fort Sumter- 2007
After Sumter, Lincoln demanded every
remaining US State to send some troops
to join the army to invade the Confederacy!
At this, the Upper South states secede- Virginia,
Arkansas, N. Carolina, and Tennessee
This double the white population of the
Confederacy! More railroads, more food,
more industry
The Capital moves to Richmond, VA from
Montgomery, AL
NORTH/UNION
22 Million people total
6 Million of fighting age
Better Industry/
Transportation
Government w/
infrastructure
CONFEDERACY/REBELS
9 Million People total
2 million of fighting age
Lots of Cotton to sell
for $$$$$
Fighting a Defensive War
Home Field Advantage
Psychological Advantage
They believed they were
better fighters.
Why did men join the Army?
1. Patriotism- Their government needs them!
2. Sense of Adventure/Travel
3. Peer Pressure
Winfield Scott- 1st Union head general
Anaconda Plan
Eastern Theater
VS.
Western Theater
George McClellan replaces
Winfield Scott as Union
Head General
His goal was to capture
Richmond, VA
His biggest problem was
that he was always too
cautious and slow to
commit his army
McClellan was too nervous to
attack from August 1861-March 1862
Eastern Theater
Spring 1862- Peninsula
Campaign in VA backfires for
the Union and McClellan
It was great for the new
Confederate general
Robert E. Lee. He would
dominate the Union in the
East throughout most of 1862 Robert E. Lee
Confederate
General
Eastern Theater
VS.
Western Theater
Western Theater
Feb. 1862- Grant captures
two major Confed. forts
in TN. Fort Henry and
Fort Donelson.
“Unconditional Surrender”
By the end of Spring 1862Union controlled all major
forts on the MS river except
Ulysses S. Grant
one in Vicksburg, MS.
Western Theater is going good for the Union!
September 1862- Eastern Theater
Lee moves his army into Maryland,
a union state, but a slave state. Lee
wanted France and England to
support the CSA, and a victory in
Maryland would seal the deal.
Battle of Antietam- Bloodiest
Robert E. Lee
day in American history. 27,000
Confederate
General
casualties in one day.
And Nobody won. The battle was a draw!
However, Lincoln said close enough to a victory
to issue his new proclamation
After Antietam, Sept. 1862,
Lincoln issues the
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
This proclamation freed all the slaves
in the Confederacy if they don’t join
the Union by January 1, 1863.
What’s the catch though?
What are we missing?
Consequences of Antietam:
1. People even more aware of the
horrors of what this war has become.
2. Emancipation Proclamation issued
3. England and France MUCH LESS likely
to join Confederacy
4. Union has a new “moral” reason to fight
in this war!
Union starts to become Freedom Fighters
for the first time!
African-American Recruiting Poster
The Famous
th
54
Massachusetts
Col. Robert
Gould Shaw
54th Regiment of
Massachusetts
African-Americans
in Civil War Battles
The War in
the West,
1863:
Vicksburg
Ulysses S. Grant
Vicksburg
Robert E. Lee
Lee claims he won Antietam.
and the Confederates control
the Eastern Theater
Throughout 1862 and into the
Summer of 1863.
Lee decides to raid the
North again. This time he
moves into Gettysburg, PA
Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
Gen. George Meade
Maj. Gen.
George Pickett
Robert E. Lee
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
Gettysburg Casualties
Gettysburg Address
Nov. 1863
1864
Election Year
Abraham Lincoln
George McClellan
New York City Draft Riots- 1863
Why did they riot?
1. Rich people were
able to pay $300 and
avoid the draft
2. The immigrants
blame free blacks for
taking their jobs
3. They start blaming
the entire war on
African-Americans
Overland Campaign
Grant Kills Rebels and Union soldiers, but it
Hurts the Rebels more.
June 1864
Lee retreats to Richmond
Appomattox Court House- Lee submits to Grant