Transcript PROTISTS AND FUNGI - Kent City School District

FUNGI
Fungi Kingdom
Characteristics
• Eukaryotes.
• Heterotrophs
• Cell walls made of
chitin
• Use spores to
reproduce.
• Need warm, moist
places to grow.
• Examples: yeast,
molds and
mushrooms.
Obtaining Food
• Digest food outside of their bodies then
absorb it by using hyphae
• Hyphae: threadlike tubes. (Shape of fungi
depends on how hyphae used)
• Exception is yeast which are unicellular.
AND...
How Hyphae Work!
1. Fungus grows
hyphae into food
2. Hyphae secrete
digestive
chemicals into
food
3. Hyphae absorb
decayed food
Reproduction in Fungi
• Produce thousands of spores with a
protective covering (carried by water and
air)
• If spores land in a warm, moist place they
grow.
• When moisture is plentiful, fungi
reproduce asexually by releasing
the spores or hyphae break off
and grow on their own.
• Reproduce sexually by fusing of
hyphae, making new spores that
are different from both parents.
• Since yeast is unicellular, they
reproduce by budding. A well fed cell
grows from the body of the mother
cell and breaks off from the mother.
Four Classifications of Fungi
• Threadlike - produce spores in their
threadlike hyphae (ex. Bread mold)
• Sac - produce spores in structures
that look like sacs (ex. Yeast)
•Club - produce
spores in structures
that look like clubs
(ex. Mushrooms)
•Imperfect - those
that cannot
reproduce sexually
(ex. Penicillin)
Phylum Zygomycota
Bread Mold
• Hyphae include: Rhizoids (root like) and
stolons (stem like)
• Sexual reproduction is by conjugation
(fusing) of hyphae from two different
strains, followed by the production of
Zygospores.
Zygomycota
Sporangium:
Produces the spores
Sporangiophore:
Holds up the
sporangium
YUK!
Phylum Ascomycota
(Sac Fungi)
Cup Fungi, Yeast, Mildews
• Named for the reproductive sacs or Asci
that form near the tips of the hyphae.
• Ascospores formed here and released into
air when the ascus ruptures.
• These spores germinate to form new
hyphae.
Cup Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
(Club Fungi)
• Mushrooms, Puffballs, Shelf (Bracket)
Fungi
• Underground hyphae intertwine and grow
upward to produce a reproductive structure
called a basidiocarp = a mushroom
• Basidiospores are produced on the basidia,
found on the edges of the gills.
Gills: produce spores
Boletes: tubes instead of gills
Tubes (not gills)
produce spores
Chanterelles: vase-shaped
Gills
Elfin Saddle
Puff Balls
Shelf Fungi
Phylum Deuteromycota
(Imperfect Fungi)
• Athlete’s Foot, Ringworm, Penicillium
• Called “imperfect” because a sexual
reproductive stage has not been observed.
Penicillium: source of penicillin
Athlete’s Foot
Ringworm
Ringworm
Lichens
• Mutualistic
relationship
between fungi and
algae
• Alga provides food,
fungus provides
water and a physical
environment/home
• Can be used as an
air pollution detector
The Lichens life cycle has 3 stages
1. Crustose (appears grainy)
2. Foliose (flat and leafy)
3. Fruticose
(old man’s beard…Spanish moss)
Many Fungi are involved in Mycorhizzae (symbiotic mutualism)
relationships…Over 90% of plants have fungi associated with their
roots. The fungus absorbs and concentrates phosphates for delivery to
the plant roots. In return, the fungus receive sugars synthesized by the
plant.